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Alice was chosen due to possessing the strength of an achiever; the team needs a strong go-getter who is willing to do what it takes to get the job done.

Amelia was chosen due to being adaptable; the team needs a person who can go with the flow.

Carter was chosen because of strength of communication skills, and the team needs a good communicator.

Fernando will help keep the team focused, and it is important to stay focused to get things accomplished.

Faith is futuristic, and this will help the team look to the future when it comes to this type of treatment.

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Five top strengths of this nurse: responsibility, consistency, achiever, harmony, and connectedness. Responsibility can ensure that tasks are completed in a reliable manner and team members feel accountable for their actions. This nurse will take ownership of the tasks, meet their commitments, and this will also enable this nurse to inculcate a culture of responsibility and trust within the team. Consistency can be used to develop routines and norms within the team, making it easier for them to work together. When this nurse applies this strength and applies best practices and standards of care, this will help to create a stable environment that will improve the team dynamic. An achiever will focus on achievement and success. This nurse is highly driven and can energize and encourage team members to set and achieve the set goals. Harmony can promote cooperation and reduce conflict within the team setting. This nurse can use this strength to mediate conflict and give a sense of belonging to the team members, ensuring that each team member is listened to and valued. Connectedness will help this nurse to build a better connection within the team, a sense of belonging, valuing team members contribution, developing team spirit, and creating a supportive work environment. These five strengths can be used to encourage improved communication, good teamwork, and make the team effective.

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Breakthrough in physics: first-ever image of a single photon

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Biophotonics poised to make major breakthroughs in medicine - Science Nation

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Lowering hemoglobin A1c with UV exposure

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Lowering hemoglobin A1c with UV exposure

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A variety of biochemical processes associated with either UV irradiation from the sun or other sources can result in positive and negative influences on tissue viability (Tulp et al., 2024). The applications of biphotonic therapy are more than ninety years old, and have been shown to be extremely useful in the treatment of infectious diseases and in augmenting immune responses, oxygenation of peripheral tissues, and promoting tissue regeneration and wound healing in a variety of disorders (Tulp et al., 2024). As with many observations in history, we remember that exposure to sunlight has provided both UV light irradiation, in addition to having been perceived anecdotally, as a natural cure-all for infectious diseases and other illnesses (Tulp et al., 2024).

The common primary UVA band widths of sunlight have been described as follows: UVA 320–400nm, UVB 280–320 nm, UVC 200–280nm (Tulp & Rizvi, 2025). The UVA band of sunlight is generally less energetic than the UVB or UVC band, but is, in many cases, found to be up to twenty times more intense (Tulp & Rizvi, 2025).

A clinical study where non-diabetic, otherwise healthy subjects received replicate biphotonic treatment, consisting of the reinfusion of 60 mL of heparinized UV-exposed blood, found that, while the UV exposure occurred over fifteen minutes, blood oxygen remained elevated on average by five percent and hemoglobin A1c remained reduced by similar proportions two hours after exposure following completion of biphotonic treatment (Tulp et al., 2024). These results support a role for biphotonic treatment, which may improve oxygen delivery to peripheral tissue, along with improvements in hemoglobin A1c as a measure of glycemic control. In other studies, the effects of biphotonic therapy on SpO2 have been shown to last for at least one month following the treatment. Thus, the benefits of UV-biphotonic treatment on HbA1c and SpO2 have been reported to last for at least two hours to four weeks following treatment, which is associated with a wide variety of beneficial effects on health and vitality (Tulp et al., 2024).

It is suggested that light causes enhanced oxygen supply and could be a function of tissue repair and wound healing (Tulp et al., 2024). Tissue repair and wound healing may occur in the presence of an elevated oxyhemoglobin: deoxyhemoglobin ratio concomitant with a gradual reduction of hemoglobin A1c (Tulp et al., 2024). The elevation of oxygen could lead to an enhanced ability to utilize glucose and greater oxidative metabolism in the peripheral tissues, that leads to improvements in HbA1c through the potential concurrent effects of reversal or inhibition of the non-enzymatic reaction that is the basis of the glycation process, as well as the presence of reduced average plasma glucose levels (Tulp et al., 2024). This biophotonics treatment has been demonstrated to cause an elevation in the ratio of hemoglobin: hemoglobin-A1c, which is an important non-enzymatic diagnostic index that is used in the monitoring of chronic diabetes and can be related to mean plasma glucose levels over the life span of the erythrocytes (Tulp et al., 2024).

The results of this study suggest that biphotonic treatment leads to an increase in SpO2 in the blood, along with a trend towards a decrease in HbA1c (Tulp et al., 2024). HbA1c values for the two subjects of this study were out of normal range (7.73 vs. 7.30, mean decrease of 5.3%), suggesting that they had a prediabetic condition. However, they had the highest absolute reduction in HbA1c (0.43%) (Tulp et al., 2024). Further examination of the diabetic population of biophotonics as a standalone therapy or conventional treatment in conjunction with biophotonics is of interest and is being examined (Tulp et al., 2024).

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Beneficial reactive oxygen species are known to activate redox-sensitive signal transduction pathways, including Nrf-2, NF-kB, ERK, and cytokines (Tulp & Rizvi, 2025). These mechanisms work together as a "redox checkpoint" in the cell cycle to promote survival and replication. For this reason, the more healthful bio-stimulation process, which results from controlled, low-intensity UV photon emission, is proposed to result in increased cell survival and proliferation. For UV exposure, "the dose makes the poison" is an adage which seems to apply, as it may induce either potentially deleterious or beneficial effects on key physiologic parameters, depending on the intensity, duration, and wavelength of the UV source applied (Tulp & Rizvi, 2025). These observations suggest that the application of low-dose, biophotonics therapy at controlled wavelengths may extend beyond its more commonly applied uses for treatment and control of infectious disease and anti-aging, and now may also have important, beneficial effects in insulin-resistant states common to type 2 diabetes mellitus (Tulp & Rizvi, 2025).

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Excessive UV irradiation has the potential to be damaging to both mammalian and invasive, infectious organisms; however, natural UV exposure is generally comprised of A, B, and C wavelengths. High-energy UV-C, X-rays, and gamma radiation cause single and double-stranded DNA breakage (Tulp & Rizvi, 2025). When over-exposed to the UVB wavelength band, there is a greater propensity to form cyclobutene pyrimidine dimers and other damaged photoproducts, that are inhibitory to further genome replication in the host cells and tissues (Tulp & Rizvi, 2025). The greater intensity of the UVC band can induce the formation of cyclobutene pyrimidine dimers in addition to a variety of oxidatively generated lesions, including single-strand RNA breaks and oxidized bases that also effectively impede further replication of the viral or microbial genome by the receptive host cells (Tulp & Rizvi, 2025). Exposure to the UVC band can also cause photochemical structural damage to both DNA and RNA polymers, disrupts cross-linking events, and generates oxidative damage to the nucleotide bases, also inhibiting further genome replication (Tulp & Rizvi, 2025). Moreover, the higher dose UV exposure may also result in the denaturation of microbial or viral proteins, which can elicit an immunogenic response to the now foreign protein (Tulp & Rizvi, 2025).

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https://www.escientificlibrary.com/clinical-trials/Article/ESJCT-V2-1002.pdf

https://ijcimjournal.com/index.php/1/article/view/62/47

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The investigation into UV exposure's potential to lower Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a fascinating biochemistry-medical clinical crossroad, and a discussion of the pros and cons needs to be discussed.

The feasibility of lowering HbA1c with UV exposure via biphotonic treatment opens a promising path for influencing positive biochemical pathways that could lead to improved glycemic control (Tulp et al., 2024). It is fascinating that exposing blood to UV seems to enhance oxygenation and possibly reduce HbA1c, offering a viable alternative or supplement to traditional therapies for conditions like type 2 diabetes (Tulp et al., 2024). However, while the positive effects are evident, the historical context of UV wavelengths being carcinogenic and potentially damaging cannot be ignored.

Positive oxygenation and tissue viability, for example, it is intriguing how a controlled UV dose can increase blood oxygen levels and improve peripheral tissue oxygenation (Tulp et al., 2024). The prospect of boosting tissue oxygenation is vital to metabolic health, potentially translating to better glucose uptake and utilization. Another positive aspect is the potential for improved glycemic control; the noted reduction in HbA1c after biphotonic exposure suggests a real potential for benefiting individuals with high blood sugar (Tulp et al., 2024). This connection between oxygen availability and glucose metabolism is essential in refining therapeutic approaches for prediabetes and diabetes. Activation of favorable pathways with UV light is also known to trigger redox-sensitive pathways that facilitate cell proliferation and survival. When this nurse says the phrase activation of redox-sensitive pathways, what is meant is that low-dose UV therapy might promote the body's self-repair processes, opening new therapeutic doors for conditions previously outside UV therapy's domain, particularly infectious diseases (Tulp et al., 2024).

However, for example, the general risks associated with UV overexposure are a significant concern. In contrast, a specific, low UV dosage can provide physiological benefits; high UV doses can be harmful, leading to DNA damage and cancer (Tulp et al., 2025). It should be noted that low does not mean no effect. As the adage, "the dose makes the poison," suggests, strict controls are critical in the deployment of UV therapies (Tulp et al., 2025). Cellular damage with specific wavelengths and primarily UV-C can cause high cellular damage in cells by means of disruption of nucleic acids like DNA, which can form lesions and leave cells incapacitated (Tulp et al., 2025). The risk of damaging both normal and pathogenic cells is a valid concern in the long term, as is the safety and efficacy of such treatments (Tulp et al., 2025). Immunogenic responses to UV overexposure are a potential negative side effect and can lead to unwanted immunogenic responses that may become severe (Tulp et al., 2025). The modification or denaturation of microbial or viral proteins could induce inadvertent immune responses, complicating the overall health status of a patient (Tulp et al., 2025). If immunogenic responses are triggered, it may take an already dangerous infection and make it even more dangerous for the patient.

The general work in the field of lowering HbA1c with UV exposure is not without merit. It seems to be a true biochemistry-medical clinical crossroad; however, in the rush to attempt to find a true silver bullet, caution should be practiced. More clinical trials and safety assessments should be conducted to truly verify the efficacy and safety of biphotonic treatment in the diabetic population (Tulp et al., 2025).

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innovation project resources for infomatics class