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an abrasion dosent break through the skin

how to handle: Gently scrub and flush the wound with mild soap and water or saline to remove all dirt and debris. 3. Rinse well and blot dry. 4. Apply antibiotic ointment and a non-stick dressing.

Change the dressing daily or if it becomes wet.

post care: Referral/Sutures: Not needed unless the wound is very deep or shows signs of infection. Keep covered until a crust/scab forms.

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a clean surgical cut

how to clean: 1. Apply Universal Precautions (wear gloves). 2. Apply direct pressure with a clean dressing to control bleeding. 3. Clean gently around the wound with soap and water/saline. 4. Cover with a sterile dressing.

after care: Often required. If the cut is deep, wide, long (over 1/2 inch), on a joint, or on the face, the patient needs referral for sutures (stitches), surgical glue, or sterile strips to close the gap and prevent scarring. Keep the area clean and dry, and follow doctor's instructions for stitch removal.

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gross irregular cuts

how to help: Apply Universal Precautions (wear gloves). 2. Control bleeding with direct pressure. 3. Thoroughly clean the wound, paying attention to the irregular, potentially contaminated edges. 4. Apply antibiotic ointment and a sterile dressing.

aftercare: Highly likely. Due to the jagged edges and risk of scarring/infection, most lacerations require a referral for cleaning, debridement (removal of damaged tissue), and closure, often with sutures. The patient's Tetanus shot status must be checked.

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nail ice pick needle knife

initial help: 1. Apply Universal Precautions (wear gloves). 2. Do NOT remove an impaled large object (stabilize it and call 911/get help). 3. If the object is small (like a splinter), remove it and encourage a small amount of bleeding to flush the wound. 4. Clean the entry site and apply a sterile dressing

aftercare:Immediate referral is necessary for deep punctures, especially from dirty or rusty objects. Sutures are generally avoided because closing the skin can seal anaerobic bacteria (like Tetanus) inside. Tetanus prophylaxis is a critical consideration.

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flaps

initial care: 1. Apply Universal Precautions (wear gloves). 2. Control massive bleeding with firm, direct pressure and elevation. 3. If the tissue flap is attached, gently place it back in its normal position. 4. If a part is completely separated, wrap it in sterile gauze, place it in a plastic bag, and put the bag on ice for transport with the patient.

aftercare:Immediate emergency medical referral is mandatory. This is a severe injury. It will require extensive cleaning and surgical repair. The flap may be reattached with sutures, or a skin graft may be needed if the tissue is non-viable