# data[].attributes.body
1. When? Date (year, day)
38 June 1919

2. Who were involved?
Leaders of USA (Woodrow Wilson), France (Georges
Clemenceau), Britain (David Lloyd George), Italy (Vittorio
Orlando) and Japan (Saionji Kinmochi). As well as the Weimar
Government of Germany.

3. What was the event? (Details)
It was when the treaty was signed to conclude World War 1

War Guilt Clause: Germany had to accept complete blame for causing World War I

Territorial Reductions: Germany lost all her overseas colonies in Africa and Asia Pacific. Germany lost Alsace- Lorraine and the profits from Saar coal region to France. Germany had to give up the territory between Germany and East Prussia to form the Polish Corridor. Germany was not allowed to unite with Austria.

Demilitarisation: limitations were placed on Germany's armed forces, size of the army was limited to 100,000 men, size of the navy was limited to 15,000 men, not allowed to have an air force, not allowed to have tanks, not allowed to have submarines.

Reparations: Germany had to pay compensation for all the damage caused in the war, £6600 million.

Self-determination: People previously belonging to Austria-Hungary in Central Europe with a common identity were given the right to govern themselves.

Formation of the League of Nations: a Leaque of Nations was to be set up to maintain world peace.

4. Outcomes/ reason of event
The outcome of the event was the formation of League of
Nations, German suffering humiliation, territorial reductions,
economic losses, as well as the Austrian-Hungarian Empire.

5. Why is the event significant?
This event concluded the end of the first ever world war the
world has seen. It was also one of the main reasons of what caused World War 2. The treaty caused a lot of German hatred and brought about World War 2.

Joey Ong 3G

# data[].attributes.body
1) When? Date (year, day)
28th June 1919

2) Who were involved?
The Weimar Government of Germany, Woodrow Wilson, Vittorio Orlando, David Lloyd, Georges Clemenceau, Saionji Kinmochi.

3) What was the event? (Details)
The Treaty of Versailles was signed by the Weimar government, which ended WW1.

4) Outcomes/ Reason of event
Germany had to follow the terms of the treaty:

1. Blame: Germany was forced to accept the blame for starting the war under article 231 of the treaty, known as the War-Guilt Clause.

2. Reparations: Germany had to pay for the damage suffered by Britain and France during the war. In 1922 the amount to be paid was £6.6 billion.

3. Weakened Armed Forces: Germany’s army and navy were significantly reduced in size and its air force abolished. This meant that a maximum of 100,000 troops were allowed in the army and conscription (compulsory service) and tanks were banned. Germany’s navy was reduced to 15,000 personnel, allowed only 6 battleships and no submarines.

4. Loss of Territory: Germany lost land on all sides of its borders as well as its overseas colonies. (Countries Germany had power over)

5) Why is the event significant?
This ended the first world war. It also weakened Germany greatly, which caused humiliation for Germans, and was partially the cause of WW2.

Celeste Woon 3G

# data[].attributes.body
1) When?
Date: 11 January 1923

2) Who were involved?
France, Germany, League of Nations

3) What was the event? (Details)
When Germany failed to make a payment in December 1922, France took over The Ruhr in Germany and seized goods and factories to make up for the lack of payment. Due to Germany's weak military after the war, Germany could not respond with force, and the League of Nations was also unable to make France withdraw.

4) Outcomes/ Reason of event
With the French and Belgian occupation of the Ruhr, goods in Germany became even more difficult to obtain, and therefore very expensive. In an attempt to fix this problem and pay off their debt, the German government printed more money, giving rise to hyperinflation.

5) Why is the event significant?
The invasion of the Ruhr worsened Germany's fragile post-war economy and made it even harder for Germany to pay their reparations. The hyperinflation also caused the Weimar Government to lose the support of the middle and lower middle classes.

Isabelle Fiona, 3 Charity

# data[].attributes.body
When?

1929-1930 (120 months)

Who were involved?

USA, Germany, but it affected almost every country in the World but affected Germany quite badly as Germany was dependent on loans and investments from the USA

What was the event? (Details):

The Great Depression, which started with the Wall Street Crash in the USA, affected trade worldwide and resulted in a severe economic crisis in Germany because it relied heavily on US loans and investments. The USA suddenly recalled all loans given to Germany, causing many German businesses and factories to close. About 6 million Germans lost their jobs and suffered poverty and hardships. The economic crisis created a political crisis, as the Weimar government failed to solve the economic crisis and lift the Germans out of poverty.

Outcomes/Reasons for the event:

The Wall Street crash of 1929, also called the Great Crash, was a sudden and steep decline in stock prices in the United States in late October of that year. Over the course of four business days—Black Thursday (October 24) through Black Tuesday (October 29)—the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped from 305.85 points to 230.07 points, representing a decrease in stock prices of 25 percent.

The main cause of the Wall Street crash of 1929 was the long period of speculation that preceded it, during which millions of people invested their savings or borrowed money to buy stocks, pushing prices to unsustainable levels. Other causes included an increase in interest rates by the Federal Reserve in August 1929 and a mild recession earlier that summer, both of which contributed to gradual declines in stock prices in September and October, eventually leading investors to panic.

Why is the event significant?

“It was marked by steep declines in industrial production and in prices (deflation), mass unemployment banking panics, and sharp increases in rates of poverty and homelessness.” (Credits : https://www.britannica.com/event/Great-Depression)

And as for Germany, the economic crisis made many Germans desperate and they lost faith in the Weimar government, thus making them more willing to support extremist parties such as the Nazi Party, which seemed to offer more effective ways of solving Germany’s problems. The Nazi Party grabbed the olden opportunity to criticise the government for the economic woes and suffering and promised to give the people jobs and hope, which created favourable circumstances for Hitler’s rise to power, as the people turned to partied like the Nazi Party.

Amelie Koh 3 Grace

# data[].attributes.body
1) When? Date (year, day)
1931

2) Who were involved?
Japan, China, League of Nations

3) What was the event? (Details)
The Japanese occupied large parts of Manchuria and created a puppet government in Manchuria, calling it Manchuko. China appealed to the League of Nations for help. The League of Nations investigated and concluded that Japan was the aggressor.

4) Outcomes/Reason of event
The League of Nations demanded Japanese withdrawal from Manchuria and refused to recognise the puppet government. Japan responded by withdrawing from the League of Nations, not listening or caring about the League of Nations' demands. The League of Nations also could not come to an agreement on sanctions, therefore Japan occupying Manchuria went essentially unpunished.

5) Why is the event significant?
The League of Nations had failed to enforce its decision on Japan and did nothing else to stop the Japanese occupation of Manchuria. Japan's act of aggression went unpunished and there was no effective deterrent to check Japan. The League of Nations had failed to achieve its goal as a peacekeeping organisation and lost credibility.

Sophie Lum, 3 Grace

# data[].attributes.body
1) When? Date
27 February 1933

2) Who were involved?
Hitler, the Nazis, Marinus van der Lubbe, the Communist Party

3) What was the event? (Details)
During the Reichstag Fire, Marinus van der Lubbe, a Dutch communist, was arrested near the building. The Nazis accused him of being part of a communist conspiracy, and arrested him along with several leaders of the Communist Party. They were then charged with arson and attempting to overthrow the government.

4) Outcomes/ Reason of event
The Reichstag Fire allowed Hitler to deal with the Communists. He convinced President Hindenburg to invoke Article 48 of the constitution and establish emergency powers, and to sign the Reichstag Fire Decree. That suspended civil liberties such as freedom of the press and freedom to assemble in public, allowing Hitler's SA to arrest communists, break up their meetings and shut down their newspapers. Those who spoke against Hitler were also beaten up.

5) Why is the event significant?
It was significant in helping Hitler in his consolidation of power as Chancellor. It was also an opportunity to deal with his strongest rivals, the Communists, and greatly affected the election campaigns of the other political parties in preparation for the March 1933 elections.

Isabelle Fiona, 3 Charity

# data[].attributes.body
Date: 28 June 1919

Countries involved:

Britain,France,Italy,Japan,America and Germany

(Germany accepts the terms of the treaty)

Event:

On November 1918,Germany was on the verge of being 919 defeated by the Allied Powers and decided to  end the war.However,to end the war,Germany had to agree to a set of harsh terms agreed by the Allied Powers as a f or if accepting the blame for causing the war and making up for what was lost during the war.As a result,the Paris Peace Confrence was held  and the terms were agreed upon and enforced on Germany in  1919.Despite the German government’s reluctance and the people’s unhappiness towards the terms of the treaty,Germany eventually still accepted the terms of the treaty as it was the only way to end the war.

Terms of the treaty:

1.War Guilt Clause:

Germany had to accept total blame for the cause for the war. This sets the basis for the Allied Powers to pose even harsher terms on Germany.

2.Reparation sum:

Germany had to pay up a reparation sum of 66– million Pounds as a consequence for causing the war and making up for the damage caused according to the Allied Powers.

3. Demilitarization  :

Germany’s army was reduced to 100000 men,its navy reduced to 15000 men and not allowed to have tanks,airforce or submarines.

4.Territorial losses:

Germany could not unite with Austria Hungary and had to give away its colonies to the Allied Powers which would them be distributed amongst the Allied Powers.

5. Self- determination:

People who lived in Austria Hungary in Central Europe with a common identity were allowed to govern themselves.

6.League of Nations :

The League of Nations was formed to prevent another war from occurring and ensure peace among the coy tries.

Significance of the event:

The treaty had resulted in much humiliation and lowered Germany’s pride as a country.It has also caused a huge loss and weakening of Germany’s military and economy.The Allied Powers have each gained fro, the treaty especially the Big 3.Within the country,many have disapproved and protested the government for ending the war pre-maturely and resulting in them suffering many losses.There were many social tensions in the country as people went on protest and strikes to oppose the government.In my opinion,this event is significant as this is one of the main factors that have made the people lose faith and trust on the government.Also as the reparation sum has taken a huge toll on the economy,many peo;e were suffering from low living conditions and the exponential increase in living,giving rise to hyper-inflation.The treaty has caused people to suffer Immensely and this would later cause people to vote for a different ruler and support Hitler as he promised to provide people with their needs and instilled a level of hope in the people and change the future of Germany.

Rachel Lim 28 Sec 3 Grace

# data[].attributes.body
Date:1929-1030
Countries involved:USA,affected Germany
Event:Due to the crash of the stock exchange in the USA,the USA had a downpour in its economy and started to reclaim back its loans from Germany in order to support itself,~.Simce Germany had burrowed huge sums from the USA in order to repay the reparation sum  that was stated in the treaty.Hence this put a lot of stress on Germany’s economy.Germany started to print a lot of money and drastically devalued its current.At this point,prices were skyrocketing and people could not afford basic necessities.Many starved and suffered during this time and it was even said that even  buying an egg could take a huge sum from a person’s savings.
Outcome:Many suffered and could not afford anything.People we’re them unpleased with the Wilma Tepiblic for agreeing to end World war 1 and agreeing to the terms of the Treaty of Versailles which included the reparation su,.The reparation sum had played a hue factor for the difference they had to bear and g]hence people began to lose faith in the govern,ent and did not agree with the government’s ambitions and opposed the govern,ent.
Significance :The Grat Depression is significant as it played as a major factor of Hitler’s rise to power with his charismatic and Prato Allie’s skills.The Great Depression a;lowed Hitler to gain the trust and favour i]of the people and rise to be the next ruler of Germany.However,his rise also then led to the next world war which greatly impacted the history and well fare of the country.
Rachel 28 3G