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Before Charles Darwin scientists already suggested that life on earth had changed over time.

Darwin went on a voyage around the world from 1831-1836 on the HMS Beagle. While on the voyage he developed a scientific theory of biological evolution that explains how modern organisms have developed over time.

He noticed three distinctive patterns of biological diversity:
Species vary globally
Species vary locally
Species vary over time

As darwin visited a wide range of habitats on multiple continents, he discovered a pattern in which distantly related species develop similarities in similar environments.

Darwin also noticed that different yet related animal species often occupied different habitats within a local area.

Darwin also collected fossils. He noticed that some fossils of extinct animals were similar to living species.

To find an explanation for the change in nature. Darwin studied change produced by the plant and animal breeders.

Darwin realized that if more individuals are produced than can survive, members of a population must compete to obtain food, living space, and other necessities of life.

According to Darwin, differences in adaptations affect an individual's fitness.

Darwin named his mechanism for evolution natural selection because of its similarities to artificial selection.

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Charles Darwin: British naturalist Charles Darwin is credited for the theory of natural selection. While he is indeed most famous, Alfred Wallace, simultaneously came to a similar conclusion and the two corresponded on the topic. change in heritable traits of a population over time.

Evolution: Evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection.

Theory Of Evolution: The theory of evolution is based on the idea that all species are related and gradually change over time.

Geological Change: The series of events in which a rock of one type is converted to one or more other types and then back to the original type.

Uniformitarianism: The theory that changes in the earth's crust during geological history have resulted from the action of continuous and uniform processes.

Artificial Selection: Artificial selection is the identification by humans of desirable traits in plants and animals, and the steps taken to enhance and perpetuate those traits in future generations.

Natural Selection: The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution.

Survival of The Fittest: The continued existence of organisms that are best adapted to their environment, with the extinction of others, as a concept in the Darwinian theory of evolution.

Descent With Modification: Darwin defined evolution as "descent with modification," the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor. The mechanism that Darwin proposed for evolution is natural selection.

The Principle Of Common Descent: Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time.

Biogeography: Biogeography is the discipline of biology that studies the present and past distribution patterns of biological diversity and they're underlying environmental and historical causes.

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Explain what happens during the following types of natural selection?

Directional selection: Directional selection occurs when individuals with traits on one side of the mean in their population survive better or reproduce more than those on the other.
Stabilizing selection: Stabilizing selection is the opposite of disruptive selection. Instead of favoring individuals with extreme phenotypes, it favors the intermediate variants. Stabilizing selection tends to remove the more severe phenotypes, resulting in the reproductive success of the norm or average phenotypes.
Disruptive selection: Disruptive selection is a type of natural selection that selects against the average individual in a population. The makeup of this type of population would show phenotypes (individuals with groups of traits) of both extremes but have very few individuals in the middle.

What did Charles Lyell emphasize with uniformitarianism?

Lyell argued that the formation of Earth's crust took place through countless small changes occurring over vast periods of time, all according to known natural laws. His uniformitarian proposal was that the forces molding the planet today have operated continuously throughout its history.

Explain what the principle of common descent states?

The theory of common descent states that all living organisms are descendants of a single ancestor.

What is an example of a vestigial structure?

Structures that have no apparent function and appear to be residual parts from a past ancestor are called vestigial structures. Examples of vestigial structures include the human appendix, the pelvic bone of a snake, and the wings of flightless birds

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Charles Darwin and his theory of evolution are very important to science and the rest of humanity. Understanding how humans evolve over time and how other organisms do as well can help us better understand ourselves and how we work. Help us find answers to how our bodies work and help us make discoveries to help better fit us to our environment and maybe lead to crazy findings. The human body is a huge mystery still and there is a lot to still find out. Charles Darwin transformed the way we understand the natural world with unique ideas that were not looked at in his time.

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Darwin and Natural Selection: Crash Course History of Science #22