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In this song by Michael Jackson, released in 2009, Jackson sings about making the world a better place, and to heal the world. In our world today, the poor need desperate change that is yet to happen. The Modernization Theory says that "in the past, the entire world was poor and that technological change enhanced human productivity and raised living standards" (Chapter 16, page 509). Based upon this view, the solution for poor countries is to promote technological development and market economies around the world. However, this will not be as easy as this sounds, because it will involve a trade-off. Many countries are willing to accept wealth through economic development, but they will not realize with this, they will lose their traditional identities and values. With the approaches used for global modernization, we must know that the United States is not separate from change in the rest of the world. Change will continue to occur forever and ever within societies.

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Michael Jackson - Heal The World (Official Video)

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Postmodernity refers to "the transformations caused by the Information Revolution and the postindustrial economy" (Chapter 16, page 508). In postmodern societies, people are less confident about what their futures hold, while previous modern people looked to the future in hopes they would have great lives. In the modern era, science held all the answers, and the scientific outlook was what would improve lives, but postmodernist thinkers discredit science and think science failed them in many areas. The cultural debates are always intensifying, and social institutions are changing. Everything used to follow a certain pattern, and everything was viewed a certain way, but it is now being tossed out the window by postmodernists, and now individuals believe they don't have to conform to a single way of life, but rather choose many new family forms and patterns.

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Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Modernity and the Individual

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Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Modernity and the Individual

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When individuals freed themselves from tightly knit, small communities, modernity was able to help people discover their identities. But, with the mass-society theory which includes social diversity, widespread isolation, and rapid social change, many people have a difficult time establishing any identity at all (Chapter 16, page 504). As people encounter social experiences throughout their lives, it creates a foundation for their personalities. Without having those experiences and living within mass societies, people tend to move through their lives without having a steady ground on who they are. Many people in these societies don't stick to a single identity, but instead they shift their identities, change their lifestyles and relationships, and change their religions in search to find themselves.

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Social Conflict Perspective: Modernity as Class Society

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Social Conflict Perspective: Modernity as Class Society

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Within a society, there will always be a production of change between social classes. Karl Marx believed that class conflict was the "engine that drives societies from one historical era to another" (Chapter 16, page 490). It is very true, because just as the quote above mentions, there could be a society accumulating large amounts of wealth, while at the same in other societies, there are people with nothing. It is a common sight in our society today. The United States is obviously accumulating wealth continuously, while other countries that are considered third world are battling hunger, no accumulation of wealth, and that is why no matter how much we can do to contribute, societies will always be changing.

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Structural Functional Perspective: Modernity as a Mass Society

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Structural Functional Perspective: Modernity as a Mass Society

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Society is not just a broad subject in itself, but it is looked at by sociology as a system that is very complex with parts that work together, promoting solidarity and stability. Society is made up of everything that we believe in. Religion, for example, was set into stone for bringing about change that led to the spread of industrial capitalism by early Protestants (Chapter 16, page 490).  When all these things are working together to help us create our lives and our direction, it also creates a healthy working system, which brings change within societies.

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Kim Kardashian at the Skims Launch Party in Nordstrom

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Collective Behavior: Kim Kardashian and her all-inclusive clothing line, 'Skims'

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Collective Behavior: Kim Kardashian and her all-inclusive clothing line, 'Skims'

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Kim Kardashian's all-inclusive shapewear launched in 2018 and is considered a 'fashion.' The difference between fashion and fads is that a fad is what "people embrace briefly but enthusiastically" and a fashion is "favored by a large number of people and stays around for a while" (Chapter 16, page 492). In our society today, we are beginning to see less and less of "one size fits all" and more clothing designed for all different sizes and body types. Not only does this improve self-esteem, but it helps people feel more comfortable about buying clothes they know they can fit into and are guaranteed to look good and feel good in.

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A Contemporary Example of Social Change Right Now: The Supreme Court overturning Roe V. Wade 

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A Contemporary Example of Social Change Right Now: The Supreme Court overturning Roe V. Wade 

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Not only does the Supreme Court continue to create an expansion of power, but they are limiting the rights of their own people. A woman should have the ability and freedom to choose to either keep or terminate a child. When news came out about this decision by the Supreme Court, crowds of protestors began to show up to discourage this decision. Crowds are large groups of people that "share a common focus of attention and who influence one another" (Chapter 16, page 490). Crowds are also capable of having the power to bring about change. With the amounts of crowds and protests, these people hope that the Supreme Court will feel the need to keep their laws off our bodies.

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A leaked draft opinion showed the Supreme Court is poised to overturn Roe v. Wade this summer.

A former federal prosecutor said it's rare for the court to overturn precedent to limit civil rights.

Experts worry the court's reasoning in the draft opinion could be used to overturn other rights.

According to a leaked draft opinion, the Supreme Court is likely to overturn Roe v. Wade and make history in a number of ways - including by overturning itself to limit the rights of Americans.

"Overturning Roe v. Wade would be such a significant decision because it would be the first time in the history of the Constitution that precedent would be overturned to limit civil rights, not expand them," according to Neama Rahmani, the president of West Coast Trial Lawyers and a former federal prosecutor.

The draft opinion indicates the court seems poised to overturn the 1973 landmark decision that enshrined the right to an abortion. Written by Justice Samuel Alito, the draft was unflinching in its condemnation of the reasoning behind Roe, prompting concerns it could help set the stage for additional rights to be overturned.

For instance, Rahmani said in an email to Insider that the Supreme Court's reasoning to overturn Roe could be extended to erode Miranda rights, which require law enforcement to inform a criminal suspect of their right to remain silent.

"There is no requirement in the Constitution that law enforcement must inform you of your rights, which is essentially what the 1966 Miranda decision provided," Rahmani said. "Miranda is something the court read into the Constitution."

Miranda v. Arizona was an example of the court overturning precedent to expand civil rights. The 1966 position dismissed two prior court rulings and held that law enforcement violated Ernesto Miranda's rights by not informing him of his right to remain silent and request an attorney.

Other prominent cases of the Supreme Court overturning itself have resulted in an expansion of civil rights.

In 1954, Brown v. Board of Education overturned the infamous 1896 decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, which allowed "separate but equal" segregation laws. By overturning the precedent set by Plessy, Brown granted additional rights to Black Americans, namely the right to attend schools that previously were limited to white students.

More recently, Obergefell v. Hodges in 2015 guaranteed the right for couples to marry regardless of their sex, overturning the 1972 decision in Baker v. Nelson and extending the constitutional right to marry to same-sex couples.

"Instead of using the Constitution to expand rights to the citizens of this country, now the conservative right is starting to limit the rights of people in this country," Doron Kalir, a professor at Cleveland-Marshall College of Law, told Insider.

The Supreme Court currently has a 6-3 conservative majority, with three justices nominated by former President Donald Trump, who campaigned on selecting judges that would overturn Roe.

Kalir said landmark decisions like Roe and Obergefell extended rights to those who wanted them, adding Roe never forced anyone to get or perform an abortion, and Obergefell never forced someone to marry someone of the same sex or perform a same-sex marriage.

The language in the draft opinion that would overturn Roe was harsh and sweeping, with Alito calling the decision "egregiously wrong from the start." Kalir said it indicates the court may be open to limiting a whole host of rights that pertain to the right to privacy and the sanctity of the home.

"Can you imagine a police agent knocking on your door and asking if you used contraception?" Kalir said, adding that in a post-Roe world, investigating criminalized abortion could involve police searching homes or internet data for evidence that a person performed or assisted in an abortion.

"This may really be the harbinger of horrible things to come," he said.

Read the original article on Business Insider

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If Roe v. Wade is tossed it would mark the first time the Supreme Court overturned precedent 'to limit civil rights, not expand them,' expert says

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A leaked draft opinion showed the Supreme Court is poised to overturn Roe v. Wade this summer. A former federal prosecutor said it's rare for the court to overturn precedent to limit civil rights. Experts worry the court's reasoning in the draft opinion could be used to overturn other rights.