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Ameera - What are organelles - An organelle is a specific structure within a cell, and there are many different types of organelles. Organelles are all membrane-bound and they separate one function from another function.

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Ameera - What are organelles - An organelle is a specific structure within a cell, and there are many different types of organelles. Organelles are all membrane-bound and they separate one function from another function.

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Function of the organelle-
An organelle is a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell, much like an organ does in the body. Among the more important cell organelles are the nuclei, which store genetic information; mitochondria, which produce chemical energy; and ribosomes, which assemble proteins.

Types of organelles -

Nucleus- contains the cell's DNA and is the control center of the cell.

Endoplasmic reticulum-  transports materials within the cell and processes lipids.

Mitochondria-  breaks down food to release energy for the cell.

Cell membrane-  controls what goes in and out of the cell.

Ribosome- associated with proteins that function to synthesize proteins.

Cytoplasm- thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane.

golgi body- cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules.

Lysosome- a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes.

Vacuole- a space within the cytoplasm of a cell

Golgi Apparatus- near the cell nucleus and consists of a stack of flattened sacs.

Chloroplast- a plastid in green plant cells which contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LdKcTtabr6Y

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Vacuole

A vacuole is an organelle which is bound by a membrane. They are closed sacs with inorganic and organic compounds inside. They don't have a specific shape or size. They are in most eukaryotic cells and do many things such as helping maintain the balance of water.

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The egg cell, or ovum (plural ova), is the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms (organisms that reproduce sexually with a larger, "female" gamete and a smaller, "male" one). The term is used when the female gamete is not capable of movement (non-motile). If the male gamete (sperm) is capable of movement, the type of sexual reproduction is also classified as oogamous.

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The egg cell, or ovum (plural ova), is the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms (organisms that reproduce sexually with a larger, "female" gamete and a smaller, "male" one). The term is used when the female gamete is not capable of movement (non-motile). If the male gamete (sperm) is capable of movement, the type of sexual reproduction is also classified as oogamous.

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The egg cell, or ovum (plural ova), is the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms (organisms that reproduce sexually with a larger, "female" gamete and a smaller, "male" one). The term is used when the female gamete is not capable of movement (non-motile). If the male gamete (sperm) is capable of movement, the type of sexual reproduction is also classified as oogamous.

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Cells are the core component and basic unit of life. They are known this way because they can replicate themselves without any assistance. This whole study of cells is known as Cell Biology. The first person to discover the concept of cells was Robert Hooke.

All cells contain a fluid called the cytoplasm, which is surrounded and closed by a membrane. Also present in the cytoplasm are several molecules like proteins and lipids. Also, cellular structures called cell organelles are in the cytoplasm which will  be explained now:

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Nerve cells main function is to send AND receive signals from your brain. Nerve cells are in the brain, our spinal cord. muscles and glands throughout our whole body.
Why are nerve cells important?
Nerve cells are known as Neurons, the human brain with approximately 86 BILLION neurons.
Each neuron has a nucleus defining the location of the soma. The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane known as the nuclear envelope. It fuses at intervals to form pores allowing, molecular communications with the cytoplasm. Nerve cells are long and have branches because they need more surface area to pass the signals to cell by cell. Their branches structure helps them to receive and transfer messages, thereby helping to control and coordinate the working of different parts of the body.

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Cells within the nervous system, called neurons, communicate with each other in unique ways. The neuron is the basic working unit of the brain, a specialized cell designed to transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells.

Neurons are cells within the nervous system that transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells. Most neurons have a cell body, an axon, and dendrites. The cell body contains the nucleus and cytoplasm. The axon extends from the cell body and often gives rise to many smaller branches before ending at nerve terminals. Dendrites extend from the neuron cell body and receive messages from other neurons. Synapses are the contact points where one neuron communicates with another. The dendrites are covered with synapses formed by the ends of axons from other neurons.

The brain is what it is because of the structural and functional properties of interconnected neurons. The mammalian brain contains between 100 million and 100 billion neurons, depending on the species. Each mammalian neuron consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.

The cell body contains the nucleus and cytoplasm. The axon extends from the cell body and often gives rise to many smaller branches before ending at nerve terminals.

Dendrites extend from the neuron cell body and receive messages from other neurons. Synapses are the contact points where one neuron communicates with another. The dendrites are covered with synapses formed by the ends of axons from other neurons.

When neurons receive or send messages, they transmit electrical impulses along their axons, which can range in length from a tiny fraction of an inch (or centimeter) to three feet (about one meter) or more. Many axons are covered with a layered myelin sheath, which accelerates the transmission of electrical signals along the axon. This sheath is made by specialized cells called glia. In the brain, the glia that make the sheath are called oligodendrocytes, and in the peripheral nervous system, they are known as Schwann cells.

The brain contains at least ten times more glia than neurons. Glia perform many jobs. Researchers have known for a while that glia transport nutrients to neurons, clean up brain debris, digest parts of dead neurons, and help hold neurons in place. Current research is uncovering important new roles for glia in brain function.

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Cells within the nervous system, called neurons, communicate with each other in unique ways. The neuron is the basic working unit of the brain, a specialized cell designed to transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells. Neurons are cells within the nervous system that transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells.

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ciliated cell
tiny hair like structures on the surface of the cell

Have tiny hairs called cilia.

Hair traps dust

To stop lung damage

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- Mitochondria are important parts of our cells because they generate energy from food that the rest of the cell can use.

- Different types of cells have different numbers of mitochondria. Some simple cells contain only one or two mitochondria. However, complex animal cells that need a lot
of energy, like muscle cells, can have thousands of mitochondria.

- You can think of the mitochondria as the energy factory or power plant of the cell.

- Mitochondria produce energy through the process of cellular respiration.

- Structure:

Outer membrane - The outside is protected by an outer membrane that is smooth and varies in shape from a round blob to a long rod.

Inner membrane - Unlike other organelles in the cell, mitochondria also have an inner membrane. The inner membrane is wrinkled with lots of folds and performs a number of functions to help make energy.

Cristae - The folds on the inner membrane are called cristae. Having all these folds helps to increase the surface area of the inner membrane.

Matrix - The matrix is the space inside the inner membrane. Most of the proteins of the mitochondria are in the matrix. The matrix also holds ribosomes and DNA that is unique to the mitochondria.

Main function: The main function of mitochondria is to produce energy for the cell. Cells use a special molecule for energy called ATP. ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. The ATP for the cell is made within the mitochondria.

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Angel - Difference between plant cells and animal cells

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Angel - Difference between plant cells and animal cells

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1) Plant cells have a "cell wall" which is a protective outer layer whereas animal cells don't have a cell wall.
2) Animal cells have the nucleus in the centre, whereas the plant cells have their nucleus on the side.
3) Animal cells are smaller than plant cells
4) Plant cells have a chloroplast whereas animal cells don't.
5) An animal cell has many vacuoles whereas plant cells have only one vacuole.

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Chloroplast is a cell organelle and is only found in plant cells. It converts light energy into chemical energy for growth via photosynthesis. Chloroplast produces food during photosynthesis and also stores food energy. Moreover, it has its own DNA and can reproduce independently from the rest of the cell. They also produce amino acids and lipids needed for the production of chloroplast membrane. Inside the chloroplast are stacks of thylakoids, called grana, as well as stroma, the dense fluid inside of the chloroplast. Thylakoids contain the chlorophyll that is necessary for the plant to go through photosynthesis. Chloroplast has an inner and outer membrane with an empty space in between.

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The Nucleus is the brain of the cell: it controls and regulates all the activities that occur in the cell. The nuclei carry the genes, functions and actions by containing DNA or RNA.

The nucleus was the first cell organnel (organs and components of the cell) that was discovered by scientists and they found that the nucleus itself takes up about 10% of the cells' volume.

Within the nucleus there are many different peices in the structure.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yLNC2BPnyM

The nuclear envelope is made up of two separate membranes: the outer membrane and the inner membrane. The envelope protects the nucleus from the rest of the cytoplasm in the cell and keeps the special molecules within the nucleus from getting out.
Nucleolus in the nucleus is a structure that primarily makes ribosomes and RNA.
The nucleoplasm is the liquid that fills the inside of the nucleus.
Chromatin are composed of proteins and DNA. They organize into chromosomes prior to the cell dividing.
The pores are small channels through the nuclear envelope. They allow for smaller molecules to pass through such as messenger RNA molecules, but keep larger DNA molecules inside the nucleus.
Finally, ribosomes are made inside the nucleolus and then sent outside the nucleus to make proteins.

This dense, positively-charged region consists primarily of protons, with a positive charge, neutrons with no or neutral charge and electrons with a negative charge.

All cells contain a nucleus, as you can see in this diagram- the nucleus sits in the middle of each cell as a powerhouse.
The nucleus is protected by the nucleus membrane- which is a double membrane that encloses the genetic material.

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The cell wall is the protective outer layer of a plant cell made of cellulose. It can be tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid. The fibres of cell walls are laid down in different directions to add strength.

The main function of the cell wall is to give the cell strength and structure, and to filter molecules that pass in and out of the cell through osmosis.

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Cell Membrane

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 Task 1: What are Cells ( Cayden)  What are organelles ( Ameera)          Choose any one organelle ( Nucleus( Ananya)Mitochondria ( Kyra) Cell-membrane ( Tanay) cell wall ( Rain) chloroplast ( Julia) Vacuole ( Kabeer)  Specialised cell: 3 minutes Palisade Cell ( Chu Young and  Davina)  Nerve Cell ( Nur and Jiwwo) Sperm Cell( Root hair cell( Parth)  Egg cell ( Haleema) Ciliated Cell ( Rishi and Yunoh), Red  blood Cell ( Aarav) Difference between plant cell- Animal Cell( Angel)  CONCLUSION:           

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 Task 1: What are Cells ( Cayden)  What are organelles ( Ameera)          Choose any one organelle ( Nucleus( Ananya)Mitochondria ( Kyra) Cell-membrane ( Tanay) cell wall ( Rain) chloroplast ( Julia) Vacuole ( Kabeer)  Specialised cell: 3 minutes Palisade Cell ( Chu Young and  Davina)  Nerve Cell ( Nur and Jiwwo) Sperm Cell( Root hair cell( Parth)  Egg cell ( Haleema) Ciliated Cell ( Rishi and Yunoh), Red  blood Cell ( Aarav) Difference between plant cell- Animal Cell( Angel)  CONCLUSION:           

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Interactive Cells

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Since 1994, CELLS alive! has provided students with a learning resource for cell biology, microbiology, immunology, and microscopy through the use of mobile-friendly interactive animations, video, puzzles, quizzes and study aids.

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Cells - Free Science Games & Activities for Kids

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All About Cells and Cell Structure: Parts of the Cell for Kids - FreeSchool

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Definitions of cell

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What is a Cell?

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learn about organelles