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Movie, Night of the kings

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NIGHT OF THE KINGS - OFFICIAL TRAILER - IN CINEMAS & ON DIGITAL NOW

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Exhibition - No humans involved

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A showcase of work by seven artists and collectives whose work interrogates and disrupts Western modes of humanism.

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The New Yorker offers a signature blend of news, culture, and the arts. It has been published since February 21, 1925.

Goings On

What we're watching, listening to, and doing this week, online, in N.Y.C., and beyond. Paid subscribers also receive book picks.

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"Say Their Names," Kadir Nelson's cover for the June 22, 2020, issue of The New Yorker, reflects on the murder of George Floyd and the history of violence against black people in America.

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Did a Shanghai homeowner block the demolition of his house by ingeniously plastering it with portraits of Chinese President Xi Jinping?

Take a look at the viral photos, and find out what the FACTS really are!

Claim : Xi Jinping Portraits "Xi-elded" Home From Demolition!

Shanghai Observed posted a series of photos, ostensibly of a very clever Shanghai homeowner who used Xi Jinping portraits to "Xi-eld" his home from being demolished!
Bloody ingenious of the man, if you ask me!
However, this tale of plucky Chinese ingenuity isn't quite true...

Truth : Xi Jinping Portraits Did NOT "Xi-eld" Home From Demolition!
While we must all applaud the man for his ingenuity, the story isn't quite true. Here are the facts...
Shanghai Observed posted the photos as if the incident just occurred, and offered no context on when they were actually taken.

The truth is - these photos were taken on Friday, 25 March 2016, which is why NO ONE was seen wearing a face mask in any of the pictures.

According to the Chinese news website ThePaper.cn, the building was not a house, but a pre-fabricated two-storey building in central Shanghai.

It had multiple entrances and was said to be a covered farmer's market. You can in this picture how large it is, and what looks like multiple storefronts.

This picture shows how the building was divided into multiple stores, suggesting that it was really a commercial building of some sort.
Fact #3 : It Was An Illegal Structure
The 2-storey building was one of the infamous "nail buildings" - unlicensed and illegal structures - constructed across China over the years.

This building was scheduled to be demolished soon, when the owner decided to block its demolition by pasting portraits of Chinese President Xi Jinping.
Fact #4 : The Xi Jinping Portraits Were Taken Down
The owner of this two-storey only won a short reprieve. He put them up on Friday, 25 March 2016. Chinese policemen removed them the very next day
Fact #5 : This Xi-ield Was Inspired By The Cultural Revolution
The idea of shielding (or Xi-elding in this case) with a Chinese leader's portrait goes all the way back to the Cultural Revolution.

Back then, the act of defacing Chairman Mao's image was considered extremely blasphemous to the zealous Red Guard bands.

So people protected ancient Chinese relics and cultural treasures by covering them with Chairman Mao's posters.
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Did Xi Jinping Portraits Xi-eld Home From Demolition? " Tech ARP

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Did a Shanghai homeowner block the demolition of his house by ingeniously plastering it with portraits of Chinese President Xi Jinping? Take a look at the viral photos, and find out what the FACTS really are! Shanghai Observed posted a series of photos, ostensibly of a very clever Shanghai homeowner who used Xi Jinping portraits to "Xi-eld" his home from being demolished!

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Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex (1949) is one of the founding texts of modern feminism and one of the most important books of the twentieth century. It covers everything from ancient myth to modern psychoanalysis to ask what the relations between men and women have in common with other kinds of oppression, from slavery to colonialism. It also offers some radical suggestions for how both women and men can be liberated from their condition.

Recommended version to buy

Going Deeper:

- Madeline Gobeil, 'Simone de Beauvoir, The Art of Fiction No. 35,' The Paris Review (1965)
- Sarah Bakewell, At the Existentialist Café: Freedom, Being, and Apricot Cocktails (2016)
- Kate Kirkpatrick, Becoming Beauvoir (2019)
- [Audio]: Simone de Beauvoir, In Our Time

See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

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‎Talking Politics: HISTORY OF IDEAS: De Beauvoir on the Other on Apple Podcasts

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‎Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex (1949) is one of the founding texts of modern feminism and one of the most important books of the twentieth century. It covers everything from ancient myth to modern psychoanalysis to ask what the relations between men and women have in common with other kinds of...

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A FTER AMERICA and its allies toppled the Taliban in 2001, primary-school enrolment of Afghan girls rose from 0% to above 80%. Infant mortality fell by half. Forced marriage was made illegal. Many of those schools were ropy, and many families ignored the law. But no one seriously doubts that Afghan women and girls have made great gains in the past 20 years, or that those gains are now in jeopardy.

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The United States is "committed to advancing gender equality" through its foreign policy, according to the State Department. Bequeathing billions of dollars-worth of arms and a medium-size country to a group of violent misogynists is an odd way to show it. Of course, foreign policy involves difficult trade-offs. But there is growing evidence that Hillary Clinton was on to something when she said, a decade ago, that "The subjugation of women is...a threat to the common security of our world." Societies that oppress women are far more likely to be violent and unstable.

There are several possible reasons for this. In many places girls are selectively aborted or fatally neglected. This has led to skewed sex ratios, which mean millions of young men are doomed to remain single. Frustrated young men are more likely to commit violent crimes or join rebel groups. Recruiters for Boko Haram and Islamic State know this, and promise them "wives" as the spoils of war. Polygamy also creates a surplus of single young men. Multiple wives for men at the top means brooding bachelorhood for those at the bottom.

All conflicts have complex causes. But it may be no coincidence that Kashmir has one of the most unbalanced sex ratios in India, or that all of the 20 most turbulent countries on the Fragile States index compiled by the Fund for Peace in Washington practise polygamy. In Guinea, where a coup took place on September 5th, 42% of married women aged 15-49 are in polygamous unions. China's police state keeps a lid on its many surplus men, but its neighbours sometimes wonder whether their aggression may some day seek an outlet.

Outside rich democracies, the male kinship group is still the basic unit of many societies. Such groups emerged largely for self-defence: male cousins would unite to repel outsiders. Today, they mostly cause trouble. Tit-for-tat clan feuds spatter blood across the Middle East and the Sahel. Tribes compete to control the state, often violently, so they can divvy up jobs and loot among their kin. Those states become corrupt and dysfunctional, alienating citizens and boosting support for jihadists who promise to govern more justly.

Societies based on male bonding tend to subjugate women. Fathers choose whom their daughters will marry. Often there is a bride price-the groom's family pay what are sometimes hefty sums to the bride's family. This gives fathers an incentive to make their daughters marry early. It is not a small problem. Dowries or bride prices are common in half the world's countries. A fifth of the world's young women were married before the age of 18; a twentieth before 15. Child brides are more likely to drop out of school, less able to stand up to abusive husbands and less likely to raise healthy, well-educated children.

Researchers at Texas A& M and Brigham Young universities compiled a global index of pre-modern attitudes to women, including sexist family laws, unequal property rights, early marriage for girls, patrilocal marriage, polygamy, bride prices, son preference, violence against women and legal indulgence of it (for example, can a rapist escape punishment by marrying his victim?). It turned out to be highly correlated with violent instability in a country.

Various lessons can be drawn from this. In addition to their usual analytical tools, policymakers should study geopolitics through the prism of sex. That index of sexist customs, had it existed 20 years ago, would have warned them how hard nation-building would be in Afghanistan and Iraq. Today, it suggests that stability cannot be taken for granted in Saudi Arabia, Pakistan or even India.

Peace talks should include women. Between 1992 and 2019, only 13% of negotiators and 6% of signatories of peace deals were female. Yet peace tends to last longer when women are at the table. This may be because they are more ready to compromise; or perhaps because a room without women implies a stitch-up between the men with guns without input from non-combatants. Liberia got this right and ended a ghastly civil war; Afghanistan's new rulers have not.

More broadly, governments should mean it when they say they want to liberate half of humanity. Educate girls, many of whom have quit school to work or marry since covid-19 impoverished their families. Enforce bans on child marriage and on female genital mutilation, hard though that is in remote villages. Do not recognise polygamy. Equalise inheritance rights. Teach boys not to hit women. Introduce public pensions, which undermine the tradition whereby couples are expected to live with the man's parents, because the elderly have no other means of support.

Most of these are tasks for national governments, but outsiders have some influence. Since Western donors started harping on about girls' education, more girls have gone to school (primary enrolment has risen from 64% in 1970 to nearly 90% today). Campaigners against early marriage have prompted more than 50 countries to raise the minimum age since 2000. Boys need to learn about non-violence from local mentors, but ideas about how to design such programmes are shared through a global network of charities and think-tanks. Donors such as USAID and the World Bank have done a fair job of promoting property rights for women, even if their Afghan efforts are about to go up in smoke.

The radical notion

Foreign policy should not be naive. Countries have vital interests, and need to deter foes. Geopolitics should not be viewed solely through a feminist lens, any more than it should be viewed solely in terms of economics or nuclear non-proliferation. But policymakers who fail to consider the interests of half the population cannot hope to understand the world. ■

This article appeared in the Leaders section of the print edition under the headline "Why nations that fail women fail"

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A FTER AMERICA and its allies toppled the Taliban in 2001, primary-school enrolment of Afghan girls rose from 0% to above 80%. Infant mortality fell by half. Forced marriage was made illegal. Many of those schools were ropy, and many families ignored the law.

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For a little dose of vintage sexism, I present to you an old Van Heusen ad, sent in by Leticia (via 22 Words):

I am still trying to figure out what a "man-talking" tie is, exactly, but I am more than happy to cede the "power-packed patterns" on those ties to the world of men.

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"Show Her It's a Man's World" - Sociological Images

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For a little dose of vintage sexism, I present to you an old Van Heusen ad, sent in by Leticia (via 22 Words): I am still trying to figure out what a "man-talking" tie is, exactly, but I am more than happy to cede the "power-packed patterns" on those ties to the world of men.

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1. It has to have at least two [named] women in it

2. Who talk to each other

3. About something besides a man

Stats

There are 8076 movies in the database, 4651 (57.6%) of which pass all three tests, 821 (10.2%) pass two tests, 1785 (22.1%) pass one test and 819 (10.1%) pass no tests at all.

A total of 14105 comments are available for 6539 movies, and there are 359 links to reviews available, for 246 movies.

Graphs

Another way to view the data from the above graph is in horizontal bars, which gives better insight in the exact number of matches per test per year.

To give an idea of how active the site is, the next graph shows the number of movies added to the list, per month.

Tech

The data is stored in a MySQL database and served using a CGI::Application Perl script. An API is available.

Back to the list.
Privacy policy

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1. It has to have at least two [named] women in it 2. Who talk to each other 3. About something besides a man There are 8076 movies in the database, 4651 (57.6%) of which pass all three tests, 821 (10.2%) pass two tests, 1785 (22.1%) pass one test and 819 (10.1%) pass no tests at all.

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Tracking Girls and Women Out of Higher-Paying STEM Areas

Giving women equal opportunities to pursue - and thrive in - STEM careers helps narrow the gender pay gap, enhances women's economic security, ensures a diverse and talented STEM workforce and prevents biases in these fields and the products and services they produce.

A typical STEM worker earns two-thirds more than those employed in other fields, according to Pew Research Center. And some of the highest-earning STEM occupations, such as computer science and engineering, have the lowest percentages of women workers.
Key factors perpetuating gender STEM gaps:

Gender Stereotypes: STEM fields are often viewed as masculine, and teachers and parents often underestimate girls' math abilities starting as early as preschool.

Male-Dominated Cultures: Because fewer women study and work in STEM, these fields tend to perpetuate inflexible, exclusionary, male-dominated cultures that are not supportive of or attractive to women and minorities.

Fewer Role Models: girls have fewer role models to inspire their interest in these fields, seeing limited examples of female scientists and engineers in books, media and popular culture. There are even fewer Black women role models in math and science.

Math Anxiety: Teachers, who are predominantly women, often have math anxiety they pass onto girls, and they often grade girls harder for the same work, and assume girls need to work harder to achieve the same level as boys.

The Confidence Gap
The myth of the math brain is one of the most self-destructive ideas in American education - research shows no innate cognitive biological differences between men and women in math.

Many girls lose confidence in math by third grade. Boys, on the other hand, are more likely to say they are strong in math by 2nd grade, before any performance differences are evident.

A gendered math gap exists in elementary school - but it is really only evident among boys from higher-income and predominantly white areas performing significantly higher in math, even compared to girls attending those same schools.

Girls score higher than boys in math in lower-income, predominantly Black areas (representing around one-quarter of school districts), but their scores are still disproportionately low compared to scores for white boys in high-income areas.
Women are Underrepresented in STEM Workforce
By the time students reach college, women are significantly underrepresented in STEM majors - for instance, only around 21% of engineering majors are women and only around 19% of computer and information science majors are women.

Nearly 80% of the health care workforce are women, but only about 21% of health executives and board members are women, and only about a third of doctors. And, women are more highly represented in lower-paying fields, such as home health workers, nurses and the lower-paying specialties such as pediatricians.

38% of women who major in computers work in computer fields, and only 24% of those who majored in engineering work in the engineering field.

Men in STEM annual salaries are nearly $15,000 higher per year than women ($85,000 compared to $60,828). And Latina and Black women in STEM earn around $33,000 less (at an average of around $52,000 a year).

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The STEM Gap: Women and Girls in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

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Giving women equal opportunities to pursue - and thrive in - STEM careers helps narrow the gender pay gap, enhances women's economic security and ensures a diverse and talented STEM workforce and prevents biases in these fields and the products and services they produce.

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The power and problem of princesses | Zara Brownless | TEDxUniversityofEdinburgh

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Benefits of economic empowerment

Women's economic empowerment is central to realizing women's rights and gender equality. Women's economic empowerment includes women's ability to participate equally in existing markets; their access to and control over productive resources, access to decent work, control over their own time, lives and bodies; and increased voice, agency and meaningful participation in economic decision-making at all levels from the household to international institutions.

Empowering women in the economy and closing gender gaps in the world of work are key to achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development [1] and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 5, to achieve gender equality, and Goal 8, to promote full and productive employment and decent work for all; also Goal 1 on ending poverty, Goal 2 on food security, Goal 3 on ensuring health and Goal 10 on reducing inequalities.

When more women work, economies grow. Women's economic empowerment boosts productivity, increases economic diversification and income equality in addition to other positive development outcomes.[2] For example, increasing the female employment rates in OECD countries to match that of Sweden, could boost GDP by over USD 6 trillion,[3] recognizing, however, that. growth does not automatically lead to a reduction in gender-based inequality. Conversely, it is estimated that gender gaps cost the economy some 15 percent of GDP.[4]

Increasing women's and girls' educational attainment contributes to women's economic empowerment and more inclusive economic growth. Education, upskilling and re-skilling over the life course - especially to keep pace with rapid technological and digital transformations affecting jobs-are critical for women's and girl's health and wellbeing, as well as their income-generation opportunities and participation in the formal labour market. Increased educational attainment accounts for about 50 per cent of the economic growth in OECD countries over the past 50 years.[5] But, for the majority of women, significant gains in education have not translated into better labour market outcomes.[6]

Women's economic equality is good for business. Companies greatly benefit from increasing employment and leadership opportunities for women, which is shown to increase organizational effectiveness and growth. It is estimated that companies with three or more women in senior management functions score higher in all dimensions of organizational performance.[7]

The world of work

Gender differences in laws affect both developing and developed economies, and women in all regions. Globally, over 2.7 billion women are legally restricted from having the same choice of jobs as men. Of 189 economies assessed in 2018, 104 economies still have laws preventing women from working in specific jobs, 59 economies have no laws on sexual harassment in the workplace, and in 18 economies, husbands can legally prevent their wives from working. [8]

Women remain less likely to participate in the labour market than men around the world. Labour force participation rate for women aged 25-54 is 63 per cent compared to 94 per cent for men. [9] When including younger (aged 15 years and up) and older women (aged 55 and up) , in 2018 women's global labour force participation rate is event lower at 48.5 per cent, 26.5 percentage points below that of men.[10]

Women are more likely to be unemployed than men. In 2017, global unemployment rates for men and women stood at 5.5 per cent and 6.2 per cent respectively. This is projected to remain relatively unchanged going into 2018 and through 2021.[11]

Women are over-represented in informal and vulnerable employment. Women are more than twice as likely than men to be contributing family workers.[12] From the latest available data, the share of women in informal employment in developing countries was 4.6 percentage points higher than that of men, when including agricultural workers, and 7.8 percentage points higher when excluding them.[13]

Globally, women are paid less than men. The gender wage gap is estimated to be 23 per cent. This means that women earn 77 per cent of what men earn, though these figures understate the real extent of gender pay gaps, particularly in developing countries where informal self-employment is prevalent.[14] Women also face the motherhood wage penalty, which increases as the number of children a woman has increases.[15]

Women bear disproportionate responsibility for unpaid care and domestic work. Women tend to spend around 2.5 times more time on unpaid care and domestic work than men.[16] The amount of time devoted to unpaid care work is negatively correlated with female labour force participation.[17]

Unpaid care work is essential to the functioning of the economy, but often goes uncounted and unrecognized.[18]. It is estimated that if women's unpaid work were assigned a monetary value, it would constitute between 10 per cent and 39 per cent of GDP.[19]

Women are still less likely to have access to social protection. Gender inequalities in employment and job quality result in gender gaps in access to social protection acquired through employment, such as pensions, unemployment benefits or maternity protection. Globally, an estimated nearly 40 per cent of women in wage employment do not have access to social protection.[20]

Women are less likely than men to have access to financial institutions or have a bank account. While 65 per cent of men report having an account at a formal financial institution, only 58 per cent of women do worldwide. [21]

The digital divide remains a gendered one: most of the 3.9 billion people who are offline are in rural areas, poorer, less educated and tend to be women and girls.[22]

Women are less likely to be entrepreneurs and face more disadvantages starting businesses: In 40% of economies, women's early stage entrepreneurial activity is half or less than half of that of men's.[23]

Women are constrained from achieving the highest leadership positions: Only 5% of Fortune 500 CEOs are Women.[24]

Violence and harassment in the world of work affects women regardless of age, location, income or social status. The economic costs - a refelction of the human and social costs - to the global economy of discriminatory social institutions and violence against women is estimated to be approximately USD 12 trillion annually.[25]

Almost a third of women's employment globally is in in agriculture, including forestry and fishing, but this may exclude self-employed and unpaid family workers. Yet, differences across countries and regions are striking. The share of women workers in agriculture is only 9.5 per cent in upper-middle-income countries and 2.6 per cent in high-income countries, while agriculture remains the most important employment sector for women in low-income and lower-middle-income countries.[26]

Women farmers have significantly less access to, control over, and ownership of land and other productive assets compared to their male counterparts. Land is perhaps the most important economic asset; women account for only 12.8 per cent of agricultural landholders in the world.[27]

Women and girls suffer most from the dearth of safely managed water and sanitation. Women and girls are responsible for water collection in 80 per cent of households without access to water on premises.[28] Menstrual hygiene management is difficult in the absence of water, soap and gender-responsive sanitation facilities, whether at home, school or work.

Women and girls are more likely to carry the burden of energy poverty and experience the adverse effects of lack of safe, reliable, affordable and clean energy. Indoor air pollution from using combustible fuels for household energy caused 4.3 million deaths in 2012, with women and girls accounting for 6 out of every 10 deaths.[29]

Environmental degradation and climate change have disproportionate impacts on women and children. Women often bear the brunt of coping with climate-related shocks and stresses or the health effects of indoor and urban pollution, which add to their care burden. As land, forest and water resources are increasingly compromised, privatized or "grabbed" for commercial investment, local communities and indigenous peoples, particularly women, whose livelihoods depend on them, are marginalized and displaced. Globally, women are 14 times more likely than men to die during a disaster.[30]

Sustainable Development

Women constitute approximately half of the 258 million migrants who live and work outside their countries of birth. Migrant women and girls outnumber men and boys in all regions except Africa and Asia; in some countries of Asia, men migrants outnumber women by about three to one.[31]

Despite gender inequalities in the labour market and gender wage gaps globally, women migrant workers were responsible for sending half of the estimated $601 billion in remittances worldwide in 2016.[32]

Research has shown that women migrant workers are often more likely than men to remit on a regular basis owing to women's stronger links to family members and self-insurance motives[33] underlining the link between a woman's gendered caregiving role in the household and her increasing propensity to remit.[34]

Although many migrant women are highly skilled and well-educated, they face challenges in accessing foreign labour markets. Employment restrictions for migrants coupled with the de-skilling prevalent in gendered labour markets and pervasive stereotypes associated with migrant women in countries of destination, can negatively impact their job prospects. Indeed, many migrant women participate in low-skilled and precarious jobs characterized by low wages, poor working conditions, limited labour and social protections, and exposure to physical and sexual violence.

Women migrant workers

Women migrant workers are often concentrated in informal, low paid and unregulated work. The main sectors in which women migrant workers are employed are: services and retail (18.8 per cent), elementary occupations (17.3 per cent), craft and related trades (15.2 per cent), professionals (13.9 per cent) and clerks (12.3 per cent).[ 35] Of the estimated 11.5 million international migrant domestic workers (in 2013), approximately 73.4 per cent were women.[ 36]

Notes

[1] UN Secretary General's High Level Panel on Women's Economic Empowerment, Leave No One Behind: A Call to Action for Gender Equality and Women's Economic Empowerment. . Available at: https://www.empowerwomen.org/-/media/files/un%20women/empowerwomen/resources/hlp%20briefs/unhlp%20full%20report.pdf?la=en

[2] International Monetary Fund (2018). Pursuing Women's Economic Empowerment https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Policy-Papers/Issues/2018/05/31/pp053118pursuing-womens-economic-empowerment

[3] PwC, Women in Work Index 2018. Available at: https://www.pwc.co.uk/services/economics-policy/insights/women-in-work-index.html

[4] See Cuberes, D., & Teignier, M. (2016). Aggregate Effects of Gender Gaps in the Labor Market: A Quantitative Estimate. Journal of Human Capital, 10(1), 1-32.https://doi.org/10.1086/683847 and Ferrant, G. and A. Kolev (2016), Does gender discrimination in social institutions matter for long-term growth?: Cross-country evidence. OECD Development Centre Working Papers, No. 330, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/5jm2hz8dgls6-en

[5] OECD, Gender Equality in Education, Employment and Entrepreneurship: Final Report to the MCM 2012. http://www.oecd.org/employment/50423364.pdf p. 3.

[6] UN Women, Progress of the World's Women 2015-2016. Chapter 2, p. 69.

[7]McKinsey & Company, Women Matter: Time to accelerate. Ten years of insights into gender diversity 2018. Available at: https://www.empowerwomen.org/-/media/files/un%20women/empowerwomen/resources/hlp%20briefs/unhlp%20full%20report.pdf?la=en .

[8] World Bank, Women, Business and the Law 2018. (Washington, D.C., 2018). Available at: http://wbl.worldbank.org/

[9] UN Women, Turning Promises into Action: Gender Equality in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (New York, 2018). Available at: https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2018/2/gender-equality-in-the-2030-agenda-for-sustainable-development-2018

[10] International Labour Organization (ILO), World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends for Women 2018: Global Snapshot (Geneva, 2018). Available at: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_619577.pdf

[11] Ibid.

[12] Ibid.

[13] ILO, Women and men in the informal economy: A statistical picture, third edition (Geneva, 2018). Available at: http://www.ilo.org/global/publications/books/WCMS_626831/lang--en/index.htm

[14] UN Women, Turning Promises into Action: Gender Equality in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (New York, 2018). Available at: https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2018/2/gender-equality-in-the-2030-agenda-for-sustainable-development-2018

[15] Damian Grimshaw and Jill Rubery, "The motherhood pay gap: A review of the issues, theory and international evidence," International Labour Organization, Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 57, (Geneva, 2015). Available at: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@dgreports/@dcomm/@publ/documents/publication/wcms_348041.pdf

[16] ILO, World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends for women 2017 (Geneva, 2017). Available at: http://www.ilo.org/global/research/global-reports/weso/trends-for-women2017/lang--en/index.htm

[17] OECD Development Centre, 2014. Unpaid Care Work: The missing link in the analysis of gender gaps in labour outcomes (2014). Available at: https://www.oecd.org/dev/development-gender/Unpaid_care_work.pdf

[18] Diane Elson, Labor markets as gendered institutions: Equality, efficiency and empowerment issues, World Development, vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 611-627 (1999).

[19] UNRISD, Research and Policy Brief 9:Why Care Matters for Social Development. Available at: http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpAuxPages)/25697FE238192066C12576D4004CFE50/%24file/RPB9e.pdf

[20] ILO, Women at Work: Trends 2016 (Geneva, 2016). Available at: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_457317.pdf

[21] Demirguc-Kunt and others,The Global Findex Database 2014: Measuring Financial Inclusion around the World. Policy Research Working Paper 7255. (Washington, D.C., World Bank, 2015). Available at: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/187761468179367706/pdf/WPS7255.pdf

[22] E/CN.6/2018/3. Available at: http://undocs.org/E/CN.6/2018/3

[23] Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2017). GEM 2016/2017 Women's Entrepreneurship Report. Women's Entrepreneurship Report. https://www.gemconsortium.org/report/49860

[24] Cheryl. (2014). Women CEOs of the S&P 500. http://www.catalyst.org/knowledge/women-ceos-sp-500

[25] McKinsey & Company, The Power of Parity: How advancing aomen's equality can add $12 trillion to global growth (2015). Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Featured%20Insights/Employment%20and%20Growth/How%20advancing%20womens%20equality%20can%20add%2012%20trillion%20to%20global%20growth/MGI%20Power%20of%20parity_Full%20report_September%202015.ashx

[26] E/CN.6/2018/3. Available at: https://undocs.org/E/CN.6/2018/3

[27] FAO, Gender and Land Statistics Recent developments in FAO's Gender and Land Rights Database (Rome, 2015). Available at: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4862e.pdf

[28] UN Women. Turning Promises into Action: Gender Equality in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (New York, 2018). Available at: < a href="https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2018/2/gender-equality-in-the-2030-agenda-for-sustainable-development-2018">https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2018/2/gender-equality-in-the-2030-agenda-for-sustainable-development-2018

[29] Ibid.

[30] Ibid.

[31] UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "New UN DESA report finds numbers of migrants continue to rise", 18 December 2017. Available at: https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/population/international-migration-report-2017.html

[32] Western Union, "Western Union Pays Tribute to Global Women Work-Force as World Economic Change Agents and Calls for Greater Recognition and Integration", 8 March 2016. Available at: http://ir.westernunion.com/news/archived-press-releases/press-release-details/2016/Western-Union-Pays-Tribute-to-Global-Women-Work-Force-as-World-Economic-Change-Agents-and-Calls-for-Greater-Recognition-and-Integration/default.aspx

[33] Maelan Le Goff, "Feminization of migration and trends in remittances", January 2016. Available at: https://wol.iza.org/uploads/articles/220/pdfs/feminization-of-migration-and-trends-in-remittances.pdf?v=1.

[34] Mónika López-Anuarbe and others, "More than altruism: cultural norms and remittances among Hispanics in the USA", Journal of International Migration and Integration, vol. 17, No. 2 (May 2016). Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12134-015-0423-3

[35] UN Women, Women migrant workers' journey through the margins: labour, migration and trafficking (New York, 2016). Available at: https://www.unwomen.org/-/media/headquarters/attachments/sections/library/publications/2017/women-migrant-workers-journey.pdf?la=en&vs=4009

[36] ILO, ILO global estimates on immigrant workers: Results and methodology: Special focus on migrant domestic workers (Geneva, 2015). Available at: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_436343.pdf

[Last updated July 2018]

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
When more women work, economies grow. If women's paid employment rates were raised to the same level as men's, the United States' gross domestic product would be an estimated 9 per cent higher, the Euro-zone's would climb by 13 per cent, and Japan's would be boosted by 16 per cent.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This article is about the system of unconditional income provided to every citizen. For the means-based model of social welfare, see Guaranteed minimum income.