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o  Social classes were unhappy
o   The revolt was inspired by the French Revolution

o   Most successful slave revolt in world history. Only country to free slaves by force.

o   Second free and independent nation state in the Americas

o   The Haitian Revolution demonstrated the desperate need for equality and an end to racism.
o    Freedom from French control
Big White Planners- Grand Blancs, Absentee landlords, annoyed with trade laws and government control; Wealthy free people of color-Gens de Coleur large population, faced legal discrimination; Poor Whites- Petit Blancs, resentful towards wealthy people of color; Slaves- majority (over half a million)

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February 1917: revolution. Women were angry about unfair treatment. Death penalty was abolished.

October 1917: Vladimir spoke out against provisional government. Secret Bolshevik meeting-> Russian civil war

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Social Class Standings: Creoles were upset because Peninsulares were the only ones that could be in charge and hold office. Inspired by the enlightenment. Over through Spanish rule. Freedom from Spain.

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Britain was in debt and raised taxes on the colonies to pay it off. Colonists revolted and there were many battles which followed. Ended in freedom for America because of the home field advantage.

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Guomindang vs. Chinese Communist Party. Chiang Kai-Shek led Guomindangs. Expelled communist belief and tried to unify China support. Communist party organized China's urban working class.  Appealed to women and peasants who obtained voting rights. Both parties fought together in WWII and then civil war erupted. CCP victory

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Women want equal pay, available jobs, and birth control. Still going on today. Wanted a strong, secure role in society. Social movement. Wanted more than the expected domestic roles in life.

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Common people made up 98% of France's population and were only given 1 vote in politics. Brought down the monarchy and spread enlightenment across the French empire.

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Tanzimat Ottoman Empire Reformation              

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Tanzimat Ottoman Empire Reformation              

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a series of governmental reforms between 1839-1876 that sought to centralize and rationalize Ottoman rule and capture more tax revenues for the military defense of the empire.  Why did the Ottoman Empire Decline?  Economically weak: The Ottoman Empire economy could not compete with the European Nations that were being transformed by the industrial revolution.

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1600s and 1700s

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Sugar based colonies were produced specifically for export

Portugal dominated the sugar production In Brazil for a century

British, French, and Dutch soon turned their Caribbean colonies into sugar colonies

Massive use of slave labor

The conditions were horrid with heat, flames from pots which made sugar, and disease

5-10% died annually

Influx of slaves from Africa because of demand for workers

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-Largely excluded from the Spice Islands

3 major trading settlements

1. Bombay

2. Calcutta

3. Persian Gulf

-Unable to practice trade by warfare

-Heavily involved with trade from Asia

-Able to pay Asia without using gold or silver from Europe

-Slowly evolved into more of a colonial domination

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- killed to seize control of spice producing islands

-Destroyed citizen's crops if they failed to comply

-Killed virtually 1500 Native people

-Hoped to produce deerskins, rice, and sugar for export

-Off the coast of Taiwan base

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- Great Chinese explorer
- Had fleet of over 300 ships
- People wanted what china had so they had people con to pay tribute for goods.
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Believed to be used in sacrifices, it represented when a sacrifice would be held.

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Differences between Europe and China voyages

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Differences between Europe and China voyages

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-Spanish were looking for gold but found silver in Potosi mountain

-15000 tonsof it was mined

-Manuel labor from villagers was required

-Condition were so bad that workers had a 90% chance of death

-Parents threw funerals for their children before they went to work

-China would only accept silver for trade which led to almost all the silver being given to China

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- Most colonies couldn't have success without the colonies in The Americas
- Ottoman Empire
- Europe and Turkish rule
-Arab populations in North America

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- Russians came to Siberia for Soft Gold (Fur)

- Cities under Russian rule had to pay tribute in cash or goods

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- Asian voyage by Portuguese mariner Vasco da Gama
- West African coast-> around southern tip of South America-> East Africa coast-> and across The Indian Ocean to Calicut in southern India (1498)
- Desire for tropical spices
- Silk cottons medicine
- Eastern Goods > Mediterranean through Middle east
- Muslim Egypt was primary point of transfer
- Prester John, ruled somewhere in Asia or Africa, was a mysterious Christian monarch
- He was said to have continued the crusades by the Europeans
- Europe was attracted to Eastern Markets but they had trouble affording it.
- Desired precious metals

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1450-1750

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-Old world -> New world  slave trade
- Old world people moved o new world and needed workers for farms

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- New world had more crops which were brought to the old world.
- Potatoes were high calories and grew quickly so people in Ireland had more children and lived longer.
- World's population doubles from 1650-1850

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- pigs (bred quickly)
- Horses
- live stock
- sheep
- Old world -> New world

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- Mainly Old world-> New world
- Killed off 90% of New world Population
- Old world invaders saw this as a gift from God
- small pox and syphilis

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1. Peninsulares= Spaniards born in Spain

2. Creoles= Spaniards born in America

Low numbers of Spanish born women led to (9 to 1)

1. Mestizo= Mixed race, Spanish man and a Native woman have a baby

2. Castas= Mixed races groups

3. Indians= native group, indigenous people

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1600s

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- Bureaucratic empire
- Believed that the emperor was son of a god
- Subjects were grouped into units of 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000, and 10000
- Inspectors provided info on births, deaths, marriages, etc. This info was put on public record
- female political officials

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- Mexica (semi-nomadic group) from northern Mexico migrated southward, 1325
- Capital of Tenochtitlan
- strong military forces
- Core population of about 5-6 million
- Human sacrifices of prisoners of war to the gods
- Tribute from conquered land overseen by local imperial tribute collectors

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Pastoral peoples: Central Asia and West Africa

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Pastoral peoples: Central Asia and West Africa

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- settled down for agriculture as opposed to hunter gatherer life.
- developed cities which sometimes fought with each other because they were bored

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- Yoruba and Bini began to develop small states while they stayed the same
- because of this they were seen as uncultured barabrians by other groups
- women worked all the land while men began o take over other groups

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Hunter-Gatherer Tribes: Australia and North Africa

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Hunter-Gatherer Tribes: Australia and North Africa

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- Chinookan, Tulalip, Skagit, and other tribes
- Australia had 250 different hunter gatherer tribes

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- Trading post empire
- Failed to dominate the entire Indian ocean
- Became heavily involved in carrying Asian goods
- Portuguese were outnumbered by Asian traders
- Many married Asian women
- by 1600 Portuguese trading empire was declining

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Civilizations of the 15th century: America  

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Civilizations of the 15th century: America  

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-Little ice age -> people want more fur

-"soft gold"

-Mainly in North America and Canada

-France, Russia, England, and Siberia were involved in the fur trade. The Dutch, British, Natives, English, Russians, and Siberians were involved

-Animal populations greatly decreased because of over hunting causing the ecosystem to change. Predators had less food to eat so they starved and plants grew aggressively with nothing to stop it.

-In North America, People traded with Native Americans to obtain furs. Russia forced men 18-50 to give them tribute in furs. If they didn't comply, they held family members hostage at risk of death.

- agriculture -> population increased, people traveled -> less fur -> looked for more furs in Native Americans -> disease spread and Alcoholism -> less fur bearing animals from over hunting -> warfare between Native Groups

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- Lacked the wealth and culture of Spanish
- Came from a more rapid changing society
- Conflict between Puritans and Catholics
- Semi-feudal
- Availability of land made it easier to not have similar societies with Spain and Portugal
- Women were prosecuted for crimes of fornication more than men
- Christianity had more patriarchy
- Protestant England was not interested in spreading Christianity
- What had once been the dreg of the colonies became the US
- Distinct racial divide
- Able to survive long enough to have children

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1400-1433