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The Montgomery Bus Boycott was sparked on December 1, 1955 by Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her seat on the bus. She was not the only one asked to move but was the only one who didn't comply with the driver's request. This is when many African Americans felt strongly that segregation on public transportation needed to be eliminated.

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The Montgomery Bus Boycott was supposed to last one day, on December 5, 1955. African Americans spread the word for others to find alternative modes of transportation for the day. This included walking, carpooling, and taking a cab which cost the same as the bus and people of all races were charged the same rate. The first day was such a success that they decided to keep it going and it ended up lasting 381 days.

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The Montgomery Improvement Association(MIA) was formed as a result of the bus boycott. The boycott also brought up leaders of the civil rights movement like Martin Luther King Jr. when he was elected president of the MIA. The MIA helped with the decision to continue the boycott until their demands were met.

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E.D Nixon and Jo Ann Robinson who were  local civil rights leaders handed out papers regarding the bus boycott following Parks' arrest. Ministers also mentioned it in services on Sunday, the day before the boycott. E.D Nixon was the one who bailed Rosa out of jail. These two(Nixon and Robinson had thought about actions to challenge segregation in Montgomery before the boycott.

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Rosa Parks was secretary of the local NAACP chapter and worked as a seamstress.
E.D. Nixon was the president of the NAACP chapter and a friend of Parks.
Jo Ann Robinson was was a leader of the Women's Political Council(WPC).
Martin Luther King Jr. was a pastor at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church and became president of the MIA as a result of the boycott.
These four played big parts in the boycott and continued to take action as the civil rights movement exploded all over the country.

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Montgomery Bus Boycott |American Freedom Stories | Biography | History

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It wasn't always desegregation that they were looking for during the civil rights movement. Within the actions of the bus boycott, the African American community wanted to see all races given opportunity to drive for the bus companies and have seating be dependent on whoever is there first. In the end, they realized the integration in the bus system was going to be their end goal.

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Although integration was more prominent after the bus boycott, it came with a great price. The KKK took more violent actions as African Americans were gaining more rights. The violent actions included shootings and bombings. Several KKK members were arrested which brought significant relief from violence brought on by the bus boycott.

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December 1, 1955:Rosa Parks is arrested
December 5, 1955:One-day bus boycott occurs
June 5, 1956:Federal Court declared bus segregation unconstitutional
December 20, 1956:Federal decision goes into effect

These were key points of the bus boycott and by the end of 1956 they found the first bit of justice for the civil rights movement. This time sparked similar events that would occur for many years to come.

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African Americans made up about 75% of bus riders so the boycott greatly impacted the future actions of the bus company. The success of the boycott helped spark motivation in communities to pursue other actions regarding civil rights. Along with other measures, the Montgomery Bus Boycott helped bring national attention to the civil rights movement.

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In June 1956, segregation on buses was declared unconstitutional. The ruling was upheld in the middle of November and the decision went into effect in December of 1956. This ruling involved the 14th amendment which was adopted after the Civil War (1861-1865). African Americans felt documentation like this that had been around for a long time was not being upheld through the acts of segregation.

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-Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Montgomery Bus Boycott.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 28 Feb. 2018, www.britannica.com/event/Montgomery-bus-boycott.
-History.com Editors. “Montgomery Bus Boycott.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 3 Feb. 2010, www.history.com/topics/black-history/montgomery-bus-boycott.
-“The Montgomery Bus Boycott.” Khan Academy, Khan Academy, www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/postwarera/civil-rights-movement/a/the-montgomery-bus-boycott.