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spinal cord

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Evolutionaryly, the spinal cord is the first region of the nervous system to appear. It is a necessary structure to integrate the bodily functions, communicate them with the brain functioning and relate them with the outside world.
For this reason, not only primates but all vertebrate beings are characterized by having a spinal cord in their organism.
In this sense, there are areas of the skin called Dermatomes, which are constituted as organized segments. These segments contain their representation in the spinal cord.
Thus, depending on the excitatory or inhibitory processes present in the spinal cord, the different segments of the skin originate primary responses or spinal reflexes. These reflexes are characterized by always producing the same response to the same stimuli, without requiring more processors.
An example of this basic functioning of the spinal cord would be the transmission of pain that causes

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The spinal cord is a tubular bundle containing a long, thin structure of nerve tissue and supporting cells. This region of the body covers a large part of the organism, specifically slides from the spinal bulb of the brainstem (brain) to the lumbar region The main function of the spinal cord is to transmit nerve impulses to the 31 pairs of Spinal bulb nerves. In this way, it is the region in charge of communicating the brain with the body, the communication between organism and brain is carried out by two main transmission mechanisms: the afferent function that sends nervous impulses from the trunk, the neck and the Limbs to the brain, and the efferent function that transports signals from the brain to different regions of the body.
The spinal cord is one of the structures of the organism that has a greater study and analysis both of its anatomy and its main functions. is set to be one

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the brain

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The brain is the part of the central nervous system located within the cranial cavity. It consists of the anterior forebrain or brain, the midbrain or the middle brain and the rhombencephalon or posterior brain. In turn the forebrain is formed by the Telencephalon, which corresponds to the cerebral hemispheres or brain, and the Dibrain, which consists of the thalamus, the hypothalamus, the Subthalamus, the Metathalamus and the Epithalamus.

On the other hand the Rhombencephalon consists of the Metencephalon, which corresponds to the brain and the bulge or bridge, and of the myelencephalon corresponding to the bulb or medulla oblongata.

Altogether the midbrain, the bulge and the spinal bulb make up the brain stem or brainstem that is related to the twelve pairs of cranial nerves that are in charge of innervate the different organs of the head.

The brain is surrounded by the meninges and consists of gray substance and substance Alba. The gray substance constitutes the superficially located cerebral cortex and C

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central nervous system

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The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. They are protected by three membranes: dura (outer membrane), arachnoid (medial membrane), piamadre (inner membrane) generically called meninges.

In addition, the brain and spinal cord are protected by bone wraps, which are the skull and spine respectively.

The cavities of these organs (ventricles in the case of the brain and ependimal duct in the case of the spinal cord) are filled with a colorless and transparent liquid, which is called cerebrospinal fluid.

Its functions are very varied: it serves as a means of exchange of certain substances, like system of elimination of residual products, to maintain the adequate ionic balance and like mechanical buffer system.

The cells that form the central nervous system are arranged in such a way that they give rise to two very characteristic formations: the grey substance, with

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Sometimes the somatic nervous system reacts to a stimulus so fast that it seems to overlook conscious thinking and voluntary movement. This reaction is called a reflex, and usually occurs in response to perceived danger or pain. In a reflex motion, a sensory nerve sends a signal to the spinal cord, which in turn activates the motor neurons located in it to cope with the threat. Your brain only gets involved after the threat has been averted.

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The somatic nervous system regulates the movements of the muscles under conscious control, such as skeletal muscles. Any voluntary muscular movement, therefore, is controlled by the somatic nervous system. Once you decide on an action, the brain sends a signal to your somatic nervous system to make the move. Examples of volunteer muscle movements include simple activities such as giving a thumb-up or complex movements such as running or swimming.

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Hypomatic Nervous system

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The autonomous nervous system regulates activities that are not under conscious control. These involuntary functions include regulating blood flow, sweating, digestion, and many others. The autonomic nervous system works in close collaboration with the somatic nervous system. For example, the somatic nervous system is used to participate in a voluntary physical activity, such as running. Once you start running, your autonomic nervous system is activated to accelerate heart rate and respiration, increase blood flow to muscles, and shoot sweat glands.

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Autonomous nervous system

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The CENTRAL nervous system (CNS) is formed by the brain and spinal cord. It is called the Central in relation to the autonomous nervous system (SNA),
Peripheral or vegetative, formed by the spinal ganglia and the
Nerves that come out and come from the marrow and the ganglia on the one hand,
And the other of the motor nervous system, which includes the nerves that
They control skeletal muscles. To the nerves that come to the system
Central nervous, that is, the Centrípetos, they are called afferent nerves, and those that come out of the nervous system are called efferent nerves.
The autonomic nervous system
The SNA is responsible for regulating the heart, blood vessels, glands, viscera, and vascular smooth muscle. The SNA is subdivided in turn, in a sympathetic portion and another parasympathetic, which are distinguished by their anatomical distribution and type of neurotransmitters.
The sympathetic system, distributed throughout the body, branches
Widely, while the Parasimpá

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Nervous system

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Although the passage between a neuron and another cell is called synapses

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Between one neuron and the next the impulse is transmitted by chemical messengers called neurotransmitters

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reaches the end

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These charges change in a matter of milliseconds from one side to the other side of the membrane are going from the Dentritas to the axon

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The nerve information is transmitted by the neuron in the form of very short electrical impulses, the neuron for it uses two ions abundant in the organism (sodium) and (potassium) in it opens and closes channels stents in the membrane of the neuron so that those ions They enter or leave the cell changing its electrical difference between the inside (negative) or the outside (positive)

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THE NERVE IMPULSE

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Drive the impulses into muscles or glands

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They are part of the central nervous system linking afferent and efferent pathways

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Driving impulses into the nerve centers

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There are three types of neurons: the sensory that are activated with physical stimuli, such as light. The strength of the stimulus affects the neuron's activation rate. Association neurons, or interlayers, are activated with sensory neurons. They process the information from the sensory neurons and issue orders. The orders are transmitted to the motor neurons, which provoke the reaction in our body.

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TYPES

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Is the prolongation of the neuronal body

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They are usually very branched extensions that contact other neurons that receive nerve impulses

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It contains the nucleus and most of the cytoplasm and its ORGANULOS is usually in it the gray substance in the Encéfalo and the medulla

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AXON

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DENTRITAS

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Neuronal body

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A neuron is divided into a signal-receiving zone and a long axon that transmits the signals. In a motor neuron, like this, the receiving end has a bulging part: the cell body.
Short filaments are fixed, the dendrites, which connect with the neighboring neurons by means of chemical junctions called synapses. If a synapse is stimulated, a pulse is released to the cell body, which then travels through the axon to transmit it to the other neurons

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PARTS

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They are very specialized cells that carry electrical signals or impulses and transmit through fibers called axons,,They're the basic units of the nervous system. They have many shapes and sizes, but they all have thin fibers that are capable of transporting electrical impulses.The neurons behave like cables and even as batteries, because they are recharged. When something activates a neuron, the load is reversed and creates a rapid electric shock that crosses the cell. These impulses quickly traverse the cell and jump from one neuron to another in chemical junctions called synapses.

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THE NEURONS

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EFFECTOR MUSCLES

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GLANDS

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THE BRAIN

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THE FIVE SENSES

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2 Others in coordination and decision-making 

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2 Others in coordination and decision-making 

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1 Some parts specialize in receiving stimulus

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1 Some parts specialize in receiving stimulus

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The funcionamineto of this mechanism has three fundamental axes

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They are specialized connected cells that compose a network of nerves scattered all over the body,In some areas the nerve cells are concentrated forming organs such as encéfalo or spinal cord.

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THE NERVOUS SISTEM