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Ushistory.com

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These were used in many religious events and reflected power. (Largest with a beard usually reflected a god or god like person)

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While walking through the deserts, the Hebrews learned new skills and picked  up new tools to use back in a permanent home.

Economy was based on trading, women and men played completely different roles in the society.

Temples were built to worship their God (Yahweh). It was mainly covered in gold and bronze.

The Hebrew also had their own twenty-two character alphabet.

The Ten Commandments and the Torah was a major influence on day to day life

Relief sculptures were a common piece of art that reflected daily activities and religious events.

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- Moses
- Abraham
- David
- Solomon
- Saul

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Hebrew is still a civilization, it began it the twentieth century BCE

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Nucleus to the Hebrew society was family- which is patriarch-ark rather was highest authority.

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- Dug Canals
- Built Bridges
- Postal Service
- Alphabet
- Sewer System
- Made Bricks
- Ceramics
- The art was mainly used as a decorative symbol

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Telling a lie was one of the most disgraceful things you could do. Truth was held at a high level.

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6th century BCE to 20th century AD

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- Cyrus the Great
- Darrius i
- Xerxes i

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- Sargon the Great
- King Uruk
- Rimush
- Manishtusu
- Naram-Sin
- Shar-Kali-Sharri

Sargon the Great sculpture:

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Kings maintained power by making their sons as governors of major cities and their daughters as high priestesses over the major gods.

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Invented the first abacus

Created a more advanced bow, called the composite bow

A lot of the Steele’s were mainly focused on the rulers of the Akkadian civilization. Many believe it was to reflect who was in charge or had the most power.

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2300 BCE to 2100 BCE

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A lot of the art was detailed with many religious symbols to reflect the strong connection the king had with their gods.

Ishtar gate was the most rememberable structures created by this civilization to honor one of their gods- Marduk

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- Nabopolassar
- Nebuchadnazzer

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On top of a massive wall being built around the city, there was a moat dug around to provide more protection.

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Neo-Babylonian rose to power in the late 6th century. ( 626 BCE - 539 BCE)
Ishtar Gate:

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Babylonia was ruled during 2300 BCE to 1000 AD

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The city has been rebuilt/reconstructed in Iraq. The actual ruins and artifacts are most likely burred under the construction of new cities. Broken mud buildings also remain.

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- Hammurabi
- Nabopolassar
-  Nebuchadnezzar

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The Babylonian Civilizations added onto the achievements of Sumerians, codified laws, stronger empire, and high towers.

The rules constructed a series of roads, temples, and a irrigation system.

The Tower of Babel was a very important ziggurat, it was made for the most important god in their civilization- Marduk.

The Babylonians are very influential in laws, architecture, art, and engineering.

Steele’s became very important, many of them were inscribed with Hammurabi’s code of law. It reflected the declaration of law and order and it was analyzed to have a godly power to it.

Clay tablets began to have inscriptions of stories, instead of just laws. These new stories reflected the social standards and concepts of daily life.

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One of the greatest achievements of Assyrian's was the Library at Ninevah.

Military innovators- had harsh punishments. Military achievements were usually carved into clay tablets, walls, and sculptures.

Extensive court system

Beautiful buildings covered the city-state,  parks filled with animals

Known for medicine and magic

Assyrians began to carve relief pictures and sculptures into metal, stone, and clay. These relief pictures reflected the beliefs of Assyrians, culture aspects, and the conception of life.

The Assyrians picked up many new traits from trading and neighboring civilizations. One of those new traits was using polychromatic glazed bricks as decoration in buildings and temples.

They also used animals as a form of symbolism. For example, the horse represented nobility while a lion represented fighting.

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- Shamish-Addad i
- Tiglath-Pileser ii
-Sennacherib
- Ashurbanipal
- Ashur-ubalit i
- Sammuramat

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They were siege warfare experts. They used battering rams, siege towers, and had huge walls that ran around the city to protect the members from invaders.

Historians divide this civilization into three chunks: The Old Kingdom, The Middle Empire, The Late Empire.

They flourished in the trade of tin and textiles.

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It was in ruling 1900-1781 BCE

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The Sumerians were believed to invent the sailboat, the chariot, and an advanced version of the wheel. They also developed helpful tools and a process of creating bricks. The major accomplishment of the Sumerians was the development of writing language known as cuneiform.

Painting and sculpting was the main form of art in Sumer. Most of the art created was used for religious purposes/events.

Clay was an abundant material, this helped flourish the art of cuneiform and the documentation of military events through carved pictures.

Statues were a very common way of reflecting power. From largest to smallest the statues meant: god, priest, and worshipper. To identify a god or godly king, the statue was larger, had arched eyebrows, and had a long beard.

Ziggurats was a building created for worship. Only priests, king’s, and godly figures were allowed on top of the ziggurat. Others would walk around it and pray beside it. Offerings to the gods were also stored in the ziggurats.

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The Sumerians based their number system off of sixty, known as sexagesimal.

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Sumerian was ruled during 5000 BCE to 1750 BCE

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- Etana
- Kish
- Erech
- Ur-Nammu
- Lagash