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Utopian Communities were groups of people with a similar want for an idealist world. They formed these communities because they were struggling under the pressures of urbanization. The communities either focused their ideal world around strict religious beliefs or economic beliefs. These groups were similar to today's cults.

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George Rapp was the leader of the first Utopian community known as the Harmonists consisting of about 600 members

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Robert Owen was the first Utopian Leader to based his Utopias on politics and economic equality rather than for religious

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The Brook Farm was a communal Utopian experiment that was based on balancing labor with leisure. In this community, people were allowed to choose their jobs based on what they found most appealing and were all paid equally, including women. This experiment ended when the community attempted to build a phalanstere (communal house) but the house was burned down in a fire and devastated the community and they never recovered.

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The Shakers to put it simply was a strange religious dancing cult. They made villages and settlements along the northeast and Midwest. They believed that Jesus Christs second coming was very soon. They were basically the Quakers that were to weird to have around, so they were kicked out and made the shakers. They were very Anti Sex and thought that they should not have children, this made an issue of future shaker members as they couldn't have babies. So you can see why the cult would die out. They thought god had a female and male part, and one of their leaders, Ann Lee was the female version of god. So this cult is known as the shakers because of their weird dance they would due to worship Jesus.

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These people aren't as weird as the shakers, they believed in living life simply and to not be over reliant on things. There main Principal was Pietism, which was a Lutheran movement that said to live your life for Jesus and to give up things that would block you from that goal. They allowed marriages and wanted their societies to thrive and make babies and new members. They are still strong today with communities in the Midwest, and mostly in Ohio. If you think of the Amish then these people are some what similar.

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Oneida was a perfectionist religious society formed by John Noyes. They practiced communalism and complex marriage (meaning they were all married to each other).  They thought they were creating the own form of Heaven by perfecting their "world". They believed raising kids was a communal duty. The weirdest thing they believed was that the more sex you had the closer you were to God.