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Key Findings
This report looks at the trends in household wealth among Black, Latino and White households over the past three decades. It relies on data from the Federal Reserve Board's most recent triannual Survey of Consumer Finances. The Racial Wealth Divide Over the past three decades, a polarizing racial wealth divide has grown between White households and households of color. Since the early 1980s, median wealth among Black and Latino families has been stuck at less than $10,000. Meanwhile, White household median wealth grew from $105,300 to $140,500, adjusting for inflation.
The Racial Wealth Divide
Over the past three decades, a polarizing racial wealth divide has grown between White households and households of color. Since the early 1980s, median wealth among Black and Latino families has been stuck at less than $10,000. Meanwhile, White household median wealth grew from $105,300 to $140,500, adjusting for inflation.

Between 1983 and 2016, the median Black family saw their wealth drop by more than half after adjusting for inflation, compared to a 33 percent increase for the median White household. Over that same period, the number of households with $10 million or more skyrocketed by 856 percent.

The median Black family today owns $3,600- just 2 percent of the $147,000 of wealth the median White family owns. The median Latino family has assets worth $6,600 - just 4 percent as much as the median White family. In other words, the median White family has 41 times more wealth than the median Black family and 22 times more wealth than the median Latino family.

If the trajectory of the past three decades continues, by 2050 the median White family will have $174,000 of wealth, while Latino median wealth will be $8,600 and Black median wealth will be $600. The median Black family is on track to reach zero wealth by 2082.

If current trends continue, it would take the typical Black family over 52 million years to reach the wealth of the Walton family today and Latino families 24 million years.

The proportion of all U.S. households with zero or "negative" wealth, meaning their debts exceed the value of their assets, has grown from 1 in 6 in 1983 to 1 in 5 households today. Families of color are much likelier to be in this precarious financial situation. Thirty-seven percent of Black families and 33 percent of Latino families have zero or negative wealth, compared to just 15.5 percent of White families. One piece of good news: the proportion of Latino families with zero or negative net worth dropped 19 percent between 1983 and 2016, from 40 percent to 33 percent.

Black families are about 20 times more likely to have zero or negative wealth (37 percent) than they are to have $1 million or more in assets (1.9 percent). Latino families are 14 times more likely to have zero or negative wealth (32.8 percent) than they are to reach the millionaire threshold (2.3 percent). White families are equally likely to have zero or negative wealth (about 15 percent) as they are to be a millionaire (15 percent).

Low levels of Black and Latino wealth, combined with their growing proportion of the population, is a key factor in the overall decline in American median household wealth from $84,111 in 1983 to $81,704 in 2016.

In a Deeply Unequal Economy
The widening of the racial wealth divide has coincided with the extreme concentration of U.S. wealth. The wealthiest 0.1 percent of households have grown richer while millions of families face poverty and deep-seated economic insecurity.

The median American family saw their wealth drop 3 percent between 1983 and 2016, while the richest 0.1 percent have seen their wealth jump 133 percent.

During this same period, the annual increase for White median family wealth was about $1,000. Latino median family wealth went up by $66 annually and Black median family wealth dropped $83 annually. Meanwhile, the average household in the top 1 percent saw their wealth jump by half a million dollars annually.

The richest dynastic families in the United States have seen their wealth expand at a dizzying pace. The three wealthiest families - the Waltons, the Kochs, and the Mars - have seen their wealth increase nearly 6,000 percent since 1983.

The Forbes 400 richest Americans own more wealth than all Black households plus a quarter of Latino households.

Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon, owns $160 billion in total wealth. That is 44 million times more wealth than the median Black family and 24 million times more wealth than the median Latino family.

Moving Forward
The racial wealth divide and growing economic inequality is often analyzed as two separate and concurrent trends, when in fact, they are mutually reinforcing outcomes of larger economic issues. Both the racial wealth divide and the unequal economy were created and perpetuated by public policies that favored Whites and continue to favor the very wealthy. Public policies aimed at reducing both trends will be critical to creating a more equitable economic system and a more just society overall. Such policies could include, but are not limited to:

A baby bond program to help low-wealth households build wealth

A tax on the wealthiest 0.1 percent to reduce distortions caused by concentrated wealth and generate revenue marked for expanding opportunity for low-wealth households

An audit of federal government policies to evaluate their impact on the racial wealth divide

Targeted reparations to address the legacy of racism in wealth building

Dreams Deferred expands on and updates two previous reports from the Program on Inequality and the Common Good at the Institute for Policy Studies, in collaboration with Prosperity Now: "The Ever-Growing Gap: Failing to Address the Status Quo Will Drive the Racial Wealth Divide for Centuries to Come," in 2016, and "The Road to Zero Wealth: How the Racial Wealth Divide is Hollowing Out America's Middle Class" in 2017. This report also builds on extensive research on the growing concentration of wealth in the United States catalogued in the " Billionaire Bonanza " report series released in 2015, 2017, and 2018. The most recent edition focused on the growing power and influence of intergenerational wealth dynasties.

Too often Dr. King's "Dream" of making justice a reality for people of color is conflated with the "fantasy of self-deception" that there is "steady growth toward a middle-class utopia." Examining the concentration of wealth and ongoing deep racial wealth inequality in light of Dr. King's 90th birthday reminds us of the reality King spoke of in his famous "I Have A Dream Speech": "the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity."

Dr. King also stated in this speech that "America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked 'insufficient funds." Over 50 years since this famous dream was shared with the nation, we have seen wealth concentrate among the wealthiest Americans and a polarizing racial wealth divide grow between Whites and Blacks and Latinos.

Despite aspirant rhetoric and sensationalized media stories, the racial wealth divide has not improved over the past three decades. In fact, the divide has grown considerably as wealth continues to concentrate at the top leaving the rest of the country an increasingly smaller share. A targeted set of policies is imperative to begin to bridge this deep divide for generations to come. Inaction or, worse, repeating the same mistakes that led to this situation will simply widen further the divide and create greater economic instability for the country at large.
Please direct all media inquiries to Jessicah Pierre at jessicah@ips-dc.org.

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Dreams Deferred: How Enriching the 1% Widens the Racial Wealth Divide

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Key Findings This report looks at the trends in household wealth among Black, Latino and White households over the past three decades. It relies on data from the Federal Reserve Board's most recent triannual Survey of Consumer Finances. The Racial Wealth Divide Over the past three decades, a polarizing racial wealth divide has grown between White households and households of color.

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this is in chinese

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Welcome to the new on-line library and learning center of the Center for Economic and Social Justice. CESJ is a non-profit educational organization, think tank and social action catalyst founded in 1984. We are dedicated to a free enterprise approach to economic and social justice for all, through equal opportunities to capital ownership for every person. Membership in CESJ is open to all who share our Core Values and Code of Ethics.

We teach and promote a socio-economic paradigm for the 21st Century that we call the " Just Third Way." Turning our vision into reality, CESJ builds upon Louis Kelso's binary economic theory for shaping policy; a national economic agenda called " the Capital Homestead Act"; ownership democratization vehicles for community, regional, national and global development; and Justice-Based Leadership, Governance and Management concepts for building organizational cultures of ownership, servant leadership, and justice.

CESJ is proud to be a founding organizational member of the Coalition for Capital Homesteading and the Global Justice Movement (.ORG). For those seeking a positive, principled alternative to the current political party system, we also suggest you examine the Platform of the Unite America Party (UAP). The UAP has adopted the Capital Homestead Act as its economic policy centerpiece, and offers its platform to any candidate or other party. We encourage you to join those organizations as well as CESJ.

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Welcome to the new on-line library and learning center of the Center for Economic and Social Justice. CESJ is a non-profit educational organization, think tank and social action catalyst founded in 1984. We are dedicated to a free enterprise approach to economic and social justice for all, through equal opportunities to capital ownership for every person.

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The IAFFE Endowment Fund was established to ensure the organization's long-term future as a forum for fostering international dialogue, informing policy, expanding opportunities for women from underrepresented groups, and carrying out other exciting initiatives that IAFFE has undertaken.

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this is in english

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Welcome to the new on-line library and learning center of the Center for Economic and Social Justice. CESJ is a non-profit educational organization, think tank and social action catalyst founded in 1984. We are dedicated to a free enterprise approach to economic and social justice for all, through equal opportunities to capital ownership for every person. Membership in CESJ is open to all who share our Core Values and Code of Ethics.

We teach and promote a socio-economic paradigm for the 21st Century that we call the " Just Third Way." Turning our vision into reality, CESJ builds upon Louis Kelso's binary economic theory for shaping policy; a national economic agenda called " the Capital Homestead Act"; ownership democratization vehicles for community, regional, national and global development; and Justice-Based Leadership, Governance and Management concepts for building organizational cultures of ownership, servant leadership, and justice.

CESJ is proud to be a founding organizational member of the Coalition for Capital Homesteading and the Global Justice Movement (.ORG). For those seeking a positive, principled alternative to the current political party system, we also suggest you examine the Platform of the Unite America Party (UAP). The UAP has adopted the Capital Homestead Act as its economic policy centerpiece, and offers its platform to any candidate or other party. We encourage you to join those organizations as well as CESJ.

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Welcome to the new on-line library and learning center of the Center for Economic and Social Justice. CESJ is a non-profit educational organization, think tank and social action catalyst founded in 1984. We are dedicated to a free enterprise approach to economic and social justice for all, through equal opportunities to capital ownership for every person.

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It's our imperative to care for communities. Especially those harmed by prisons and punishment. Ella Baker Center works to redirect resources from fear based systems to care based systems. Read about these strategies in We Keep Us Safe.

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It's our imperative to care for communities. Especially those harmed by prisons and punishment. Ella Baker Center works to redirect resources from fear based systems to care based systems. Read about these strategies in We Keep Us Safe.

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It's our imperative to care for communities. Especially those harmed by prisons and punishment. Ella Baker Center works to redirect resources from fear based systems to care based systems. Read about these strategies in We Keep Us Safe.

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It's our imperative to care for communities. Especially those harmed by prisons and punishment. Ella Baker Center works to redirect resources from fear based systems to care based systems. Read about these strategies in We Keep Us Safe.

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Much of the recovery's benefits went to the people who needed it the least: The between the top and bottom 20% of Americans grew from $29,200 in 2010 to $189,600 in 2015, according to an analysis of census data. Even the middle class is getting pinched, with rising just 2.5% from June 2016 to June 2017 despite a strong job market and low unemployment rate. Rising college debt and the fact that women still earn just of men's salaries hasn't helped, either.

To address these yawning economic divides, many organizations are working to combat the challenges faced by low- and middle-income Americans. Some focus on achieving specific economic and policy outcomes, from a higher minimum wage to lower wage gaps between people of different genders and races. Others are experimenting with moon-shot ideas like the universal basic income to see how it changes people's spending and earnings abilities. The rest are are simply raising cash and giving it to those who need it.

Whether you are looking for an organization to support, or are interested in launching a grassroots effort yourself, below you'll find seven groups at the forefront of fighting economic inequality:

1. Strike Debt

An activist group dedicated to changing how Americans think about their follow citizens' debt burdens

Founded in 2012, Strike Debt grew out of the Occupy Wall Street movement with the goal of chipping away at Americans' crippling debt. As of 2106, the average credit card debt per household was $16,425, totaling $764 billion for all Americans. Though credit card use may be on the decline, when you factor in car loans and mortgages, consumer debt is still alarmingly on the rise.

Strike Debt's best-known project, the nonprofit Rolling Jubilee, buys debt sold on the open market for pennies on the dollar to extinguish debtors' obligations. "Think of it as a bailout of the 99% by the 99%," the website reads. To date, the group reports having raised more than $701,000 and extinguishing nearly $32 million in debt.

"No one should have to go into debt or bankruptcy because they get sick," Laura Hanna, a Rolling Jubilee organizer told Guardian in 2013

Strike Debt most recently formed The Debt Collective, a "debtors union" that advocates student loans used to pay for education at certain for-profit colleges. The group with students at the now-defunct Corinthian Colleges, which was in 2016 to pay students $820 million in restitution for misleading and illegal practices.

2. A Continuous Charity

A nonprofit dedicated to supporting Muslim American students and integrating them into society

Founded in 2013, provides interest-free loans and scholarships to finance higher education for Muslim American students, many of whom Their goal is to "nurture a generation of Muslim professionals who will be well-versed in both the traditional Islamic and Western sciences, using them for the benefit of mankind."

3. DonorsChoose

A nonprofit dedicated to supplying materials to public school teachers and students

Charity Navigator, an evaluator of nonprofits, gives this registered 501(c)(3) a 4-star rating, its highest mark.

4. Cooperation Jackson

A nonprofit collective aimed at local empowerment in Jackson, Mississippi

"Ain't nobody creating no jobs for us," Cooperation Jackson cofounder and director Kali Akuno told the Atlanta Black Star. The group seeks to address economic inequality in Jackson, Mississippi, which Akuno says has a "real" unemployment rate of over 50%. (The city's official unemployment rate was in June, nearly a full percentage point above the national average of .)

Founded in 2013, the registered 501(c)(3) is forming a series of collectives that focus on traditional industries. It currently operates Freedom Farms, an urban-farming collective, as well as a community center and small-business incubator called the Chokwe Lumumba Center for Economic Democracy and Development.

It's also creating a community land trust that is purchasing vacant lots and abandoned homes in order to develop a housing cooperative with "stable rents to help sustain and build vibrant working class communities in Jackson," according to . To date, the group has bought up 25 vacant lots, the Nation reported.

"The idea is essentially this: Since Jackson's current economy isn't working for its residents, and its current political system isn't doing much to help, why not create a new economic and political system right alongside the old one?" reporter Peter Moskowitz wrote in the Nation earlier this year.

5. Fight for $15

A group dedicated to promoting a $15 minimum wage across America

The Fight for $15 is a union-led movement to increase the minimum wage. So far, it appears to be working. Since launching in , when hundreds of fast-food workers in New York City walked off the job to protest low wages, at least 21 states, plus Washington D.C., have changed their minimum-wage laws, according to the Economic Policy Institute - and the minimum wage has increased in at least 27 states and D.C.

6. National Committee for Pay Equity

A group that advocates for pay equity for women and people of color

7. GiveDirectly

A nonprofit platform for providing cash to needy populations worldwide

Of course, economic inequality isn't just an American problem. One organization working to combat wealth imbalances on a global scale is GiveDirectly. The idea is simple: Give cash to people living in extreme poverty, where every U.S. dollar of spending goes much further than it does in most countries.

The group commissioned a published in 2016 that evaluated a trial in which it gave 503 low-income households in western Kenya cash payments to spend as they chose. The results: Each $1,000 transferred to residents resulted in a $270 increase in earnings, a $430 increase in assets, a $330 increase in nutrition spend, and a 0% increase in money spent on alcohol or tobacco. Perhaps most importantly, the study found, "Transfer recipients experience large increases in psychological wellbeing."

Now the 501(c)(3), which is backed by Google.org and GiveWell, is raising to launch a universal basic income study, in which it will provide more than 26,000 people in rural Kenya with cash transfers for up to 12 years. The goal is to "test the impact of different models of basic income over 12 years." It's raised $25 million to date and plans to launch the initiative this fall.

Sign up for the Payoff - your weekly crash course on how to live your best financial life.

Correction: Aug. 18, 2017
An earlier version of this story misidentified the organization that advocates for pay equity. It is the National Committee for Pay Equity.

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7 activist groups working to end economic inequality

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Much of the recovery's benefits went to the people who needed it the least: The between the top and bottom 20% of Americans grew from $29,200 in 2010 to $189,600 in 2015, according to an analysis of census data.

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Inspiration

After previously working at another charitable social enterprise organization, Anne Connor, chief executive of Outside the Box, decided it was in her interests to set up a charity organization. This was the result of seeing individuals coming to her old workplace with great ideas, but struggling in making their ideas become a reality. Although there were some systems in place to help, none could effectively give the proper assistance. These systems would help people persuade boards or organizations to take on their ideas; however, that's not what these individuals needed. They needed help creating and implementing their ideas. Anne was repeatedly seeing this over and over again and stumbled upon a gap in the market. From her previous experience, she identified the need for an organization that would properly aid in helping individuals create their ideas and make them possible in that gap.

Thirteen years on micro enterprises and co-productions and she finally has the correct policy work for businesses to execute, when previously it was known to not be fit. At the time this didn't faze Anne, "We thought well that's ok we'll do something that doesn't fit and that is fine for us." Even after being warned that her idea might be too complicated and difficult, Anne went ahead with her vision. Outside the Box is known for taking on ideas no matter how difficult they may seem. Anne said, "Now there is nothing that is too complicated, in-fact the only reason that we wouldn't work with you is if it was simply, easy, and straightforward in which case we will tell you about these other nice people who will help you do that".

The inspiration for Outside the Box was always to provide support and aid to individuals in creating their ideas. The organization is based around four key themes: have different conversations on topics individuals can relate to helping create more and better ideas, create beneficial inclusive communities, deliver innovative projects that help in making positive change in people's lives, and help organizations and people build strong sustainable organizations by providing practical advice and encouragement. They aimed to provide development for communities, groups, and individuals throughout Scotland who aspire to make a difference or change in their communities. An example of Outside the Box's work is the help they provided to a group in Fraserborough in Scotland, working with people with learning difficulties. Outside the Box aided with a grant application for a training program that needed re-evaluation. They also spoke about voting, helping with any challenges or problems that the individuals had when registering, as well as supporting the creation of a music group by helping them through the grant application to obtain funds to further this idea.

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Reducing Social Inequality Through Community Engagement | AIM2Flourish

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After previously working at another charitable social enterprise organization, Anne Connor, chief executive of Outside the Box, decided it was in her interests to set up a charity organization. This was the result of seeing individuals coming to her old workplace with great ideas, but struggling in making their ideas become a reality.

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Evidence now shows that social safety nets are making a substantial contribution in the fight against poverty. Safety nets help people escape extreme poverty, close the poverty gap, and reduce inequality. Safety nets build household resilience to respond to shocks across the life cycle, key to building human capital.

Our new report highlights that while safety nets helped 36 percent of the poorest escape extreme poverty, only one in five of the poorest in low-income countries are covered by safety net programs. The report focuses on two special themes: (1) adaptive social protection - increasing the responsiveness of social protection programs to adapt to and meet changed needs on the ground after shocks have materialized; and (2) old-age pensions -which provide an alternative source of income for elderly adults who are not covered by contributory schemes.

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Social Safety Nets Help Reduce Poverty and Income Inequality

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Evidence now shows that social safety nets are making a substantial contribution in the fight against poverty. Safety nets help people escape extreme poverty, close the poverty gap, and reduce inequality. Safety nets build household resilience to respond to shocks across the life cycle, key to building human capital.

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Sustainable Development Goal #10: Reduce inequality within and among countries #GlobalGoals

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about

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"It is from numberless diverse acts of courage and belief that human history is shaped. Each time a man stands up for an ideal, or acts to improve the lot of others, or strikes out against injustice, he sends forth a tiny ripple of hope, and crossing each other from a million different centers of energy and daring those ripples build a current which can sweep down the mightiest walls of oppression and resistance."

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The OSCE aims to integrate gender equality into policies and practices in order to foster peace, sustainable democracy and economic development.

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A lack of legal equality promotes violence and discrimination, yet every country in the world has laws that treat women and girls as second-class citizens. Equality Now campaigns for laws that protect and uphold the rights of women and girls, so that everyone benefits.

Why Legal Equality?

We believe that legal equality is the first step to gender equality.

A country's laws set the tone for how it treats its people, and how its people treat each other. When women and girls have fewer rights than men and boys, violence and discrimination are legitimised and ignored.

Equal treatment under the law is fundamental to creating a happier, fairer, more prosperous world for everyone.

"Without equality in the law, there can never be equality in society."

- ANTONIA KIRKLAND, PROGRAM MANAGER, EQUALITY NOW

What are we doing to achieve it?

At Equality Now, we use a unique combination of legal advocacy, regional partnership-building and community mobilisation to encourage governments to adopt, improve and enforce laws that protect and promote the rights of women and girls around the world.

This involves:

Urging governments and policymakers to enact and enforce laws that promote equal rights for women and girls

Holding governments accountable to international human rights standards

Making the justice system works for women and girls

Elevating cases to national, regional and international courts and bodies

Inspiring people around the world to fight for equality

Take action to achieve legal equality

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A lack of legal equality promotes violence and discrimination, yet every country in the world has laws that treat women and girls as second-class citizens. Equality Now campaigns for laws that protect and uphold the rights of women and girls, so that everyone benefits.

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Alleviating poverty is one of the core missions of the social work profession, and one of the major difficulties that often goes along with poverty is hunger. Families who lose financial stability often have a hard time getting enough to eat, and the process for getting food stamps or other government assistance can be arduous. Food banks play a huge part in making sure that families affected by poverty, especially those with children, can get what they need. Any social worker with clients affected by poverty may need to help their clients get connected with local food banks and organizations that provide nutritional and monetary assistance. Additionally, many social workers are employed at, or collaborate with, groups that advocate on behalf of those in poverty to help them get food, shelter, and equitable legal treatment.

This is not a ranked list, but an acknowledgment of organizations that are doing good work, and a resource for social workers, or social work students, who want to make alleviating poverty and hunger a central mission in their social work careers.

Food Banks & Anti-Hunger Groups

These groups provide the much needed service of gathering food, often donated from community members and businesses, and distributing it among families in need. Many of these organizations also work to raise awareness of poverty and hunger in their communities and to inspire others to help raise people out of poverty.

Policy & The Law

Many organizations, from local and national poverty law centers to political activists, are working on diminishing poverty levels by trying to change the law and public policy to be more accommodating and offer more assistance to families and individuals in poverty.

Anti-Poverty Advocacy

Anti-Poverty advocates disseminate information and work with public and private organizations to decrease poverty systematically by increasing access to technology, housing, legal representation, food, and many other resources that are much more difficult to obtain for families affected by poverty.

Relevant Resources

From inexpensive housing providers to groups helping children in poverty get better educations, there are people working on alleviating both the symptoms and the causes of poverty from every angle, and social workers are a crucial part of these efforts.

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Great Organizations Confronting Poverty & Hunger

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Alleviating poverty is one of the core missions of the social work profession, and one of the major difficulties that often goes along with poverty is hunger. Families who lose financial stability often have a hard time getting enough to eat, and the process for getting food stamps or other government assistance can be arduous.

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The Community for Zero Hunger was launched as an independent initiative to support the UN Zero Hunger Challenge.

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Conditioning, collecting, & exporting

Wind turbines produce DC power, which is converted to AC electricity by power converters and transferred to cables buried throughout the footprint of the wind farm. High-voltage electricity is then delivered to the utility scale power grid, which transmits it to homes, businesses, and other end-users.

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Conditioning, collecting, & exporting Wind turbines produce DC power, which is converted to AC electricity by power converters and transferred to cables buried throughout the footprint of the wind farm. High-voltage electricity is then delivered to the utility scale power grid, which transmits it to homes, businesses, and other end-users.

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Imagine what you could accomplish in fifteen years - what you could learn, achieve, see, change and experience. Imagine the good you could do, and imagine the bad that could happen from not taking action when you should have.

This weekend, the leaders of all of the 193 United Nations member countries will get together to agree on a plan for the next fifteen years and they have their eyes on some pretty big things. Mainly, ending extreme poverty, fighting inequality and injustice, and fixing climate change. Big is right.

On September 25, the leaders will commit to 17 Sustainable Development Goals, or #GlobalGoals, in order to accomplish these three objectives. We're behind them 100 percent and have a particular fondness for a few of the global goals. Namely, ending hunger, promoting health and well-being for all ages and ensuring sustainable consumption.

#GlobalGoals: Good Health and Well-Being

Goal #3 of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals is "Good Health and Well-Being" - or ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all people at all ages. Ensuring healthy lives for everyone takes a lot - it takes access to food, medicine and medical attention, education, clean water, shelter and jobs. It also takes a dedicated team of experts to provide these services, which can be a daunting task

According to the UN Population Fund's Executive Director Dr. Babatunde Osotimehin, there are three simple steps governments can take to ensure the health of all of their citizens. They are:

Invest in health workers - so that citizens have access to health care, both physical and mental

Invest in social protection programs that are affordable - so that people who want services can access the services, such as food banks and shelters, job-training and assistance programs, and nutrition and health education programs

Invest in supply chains - effective supply chains ensure that food, medicine and other supplies are accessible when needed and are crucial for ensuring the long-term health of a community

In short, it all comes down to having programs that are affordable and accessible, well staffed and with access to the tools and supplies they need to be effective.

One of the pinnacles of ensuring health for anyone is establishing healthy eating habits. Often, this requires health and nutrition education. Childhood nutrition and education is one of our biggest passions at Lifeway. We believe our children are the benefactors of the efforts we're making today; they're our future. We're committed providing them with the tools they'll need to be successful, both with our products specifically for children (our and Frozen ProBugs), and by supporting groups provide them with the tools they need to be successful.

Two specific health education organizations we know and love are Common Threads and Pilot Light. These two organizations work directly with children in their classroom (and sometimes with parents outside of the classroom) and teach children about healthy eating, how to prepare healthy meals, and why a diet rich in fruits and vegetables is important.

While healthy eating is crucial to the health of a population, we know that proper medical attention can be hard to come by, especially for women. That's why we work closely with the maternal health organization Every Mother Counts, as well as breast health educators Bright Pink, to ensure that women have access to the information and support they need.

These are just a few of the social protection organizations we support. For more information, or to get involved yourself, head to our website here.

There are 17 Sustainable Development Goals global leaders are committing to this weekend and we want to know what is important to you! Share with us the issues you're concerned about by with the hashtags #GlobalGoals and , or let us know your thoughts by visiting us on or Instagram.

It is health that is real wealth and not pieces of gold and silver. - Mahatma Gandhi

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#GlobalGoals: Good Health and Well-Being

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Imagine what you could accomplish in fifteen years - what you could learn, achieve, see, change and experience. Imagine the good you could do, and imagine the bad that could happen from not taking action when you should have.

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The Coalition works on eleven initiatives that were identified as priority areas with the greatest potential for fast action to reduce climate change impacts. These partner-led initiatives provide strategic guidance in both specific and cross cutting sectors.

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Through innovation and partnership, UNICEF is reaching more children than ever with the learning support they need to aim for a better future.

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The Water Project - A Charity Providing Access to Clean Water in Africa

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The Water Project is a charity that provides access to clean, safe and reliable water and sanitation solutions across sub-Saharan Africa, one village at a time.

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The Community for Zero Hunger was launched as an independent initiative to support the UN Zero Hunger Challenge.

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What is Biomass?

Biomass is fuel that is developed from organic materials, a renewable and sustainable source of energy used to create electricity or other forms of power.

Some examples of materials that make up biomass fuels are:

scrap lumber;

forest debris;

certain crops;

manure; and

some types of waste residues.

With a constant supply of waste - from construction and demolition activities, to wood not used in papermaking, to municipal solid waste - green energy production can continue indefinitely.

Biomass is a renewable source of fuel to produce energy because:

waste residues will always exist - in terms of scrap wood, mill residuals and forest resources; and

properly managed forests will always have more trees, and we will always have crops and the residual biological matter from those crops.

ReEnergy Holdings is an integrated waste fuel/biomass renewable energy company. Our facilities collect, process and recycle items for use as fuel, as well as green energy facilities that create power from that waste.

What is biomass power?

Biomass power is carbon neutral electricity generated from renewable organic waste that would otherwise be dumped in landfills, openly burned, or left as fodder for forest fires.

When burned, the energy in biomass is released as heat. If you have a fireplace, you already are participating in the use of biomass as the wood you burn in it is a biomass fuel.

In biomass power plants, wood waste or other waste is burned to produce steam that runs a turbine to make electricity, or that provides heat to industries and homes. Fortunately, new technologies - including pollution controls and combustion engineering - have advanced to the point that any emissions from burning biomass in industrial facilities are generally less than emissions produced when using fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, oil). ReEnergy has included these technologies in our facilities.

Biomass challenges

While the process to create electricity is similar whether using a biomass fuel or a fossil fuel, the equipment needed inside the plant is different. All of ReEnergy's power generation facilities have been outfitted - and new acquisitions are upgraded - to allow for the burning of biomass.

As with any electrical generation process, the facility needs a steady supply of fuel. In all cases, ReEnergy has suppliers to deliver a steady stream of biomass, and has engaged other suppliers to ensure the facilities have what they need. In addition, we create fuel for other biomass consumers - as well as other products - at our recycling facilities.

When anything is burned, it can create emissions and ash. Our facilities have state-of-the-art cleaning processes that keep emissions below state regulatory levels, and we reuse our ash.

Biomass and the US

Biomass fuels provided about 4 percent of the energy used in the United States in 2010. Of this, about 46 percent was from wood and wood-derived biomass, 43 percent was from biofuels (mainly ethanol), and about 11 percent was from municipal waste. Researchers are trying to develop ways to burn more biomass and fewer fossil fuels. Using biomass for energy cuts back on waste and greenhouse gas emissions.

Biomass offers other significant environmental and consumer benefits, including improving forest health, protecting air quality, and offering the most dependable renewable energy source.

You can read about how we turn biomass and other residuals into energy here.

Sources: http://biomasspowerassociation.com, http://energy.gov/, http://instituteforenergyresearch.org

A map of biomass facilities can be found here http://biomasspowerassociation.com/docs/biomass_map.pdf

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Biomass is fuel that is developed from organic materials, a renewable and sustainable source of energy used to create electricity or other forms of power. Some examples of materials that make up biomass fuels are: scrap lumber; forest debris; certain crops; manure; and some types of waste residues.

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For the first time in history, more than 50% of the world's population lives in an urban area. By 2050, 70% of the world's population will be living in towns and cities.

"The world is rapidly urbanizing with significant changes in our living standards, lifestyles, social behaviour and health," says Dr Jacob Kumaresan, director of the World Health Organization's Centre for Health Development based in Kobe, Japan. "While urban living continues to offer many opportunities, including potential access to better health care, today's urban environments can concentrate health risks and introduce new hazards".

Health challenges particularly evident in cities relate to water, environment, violence and injury, noncommunicable diseases (cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases), unhealthy diets and physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol as well as the risks associated with disease outbreaks. City living and its increased pressures of mass marketing, availability of unhealthy food choices and accessibility to automation and transport all have an effect on lifestyle that directly affect health.

The World Health Organization has chosen the theme of "urbanization and health" for World Health Day, on 7 April 2010, in recognition of the effect urbanization has on our collective health globally and on every individual. Its goal is to draw worldwide attention to the theme of urbanization and health and to involve governments, international organizations, business and civil society in a shared effort to put health at the heart of urban policy.

1000 cities, 1000 lives for World Health Day 2010

This year's World Health Day campaign "1000 cities, 1000 lives" calls upon cities to open up public spaces for health activities for one day during the week of 7-11 April 2010. Many cities have planned activities such as closing off portions of streets to motorized traffic, town hall meetings with mayors, clean up-campaigns and events that promote social solidarity.

The aim is to encourage discussion and debate between city leaders and their citizens to take action to improve policies, attitudes and behaviour in the face of some of the more negative aspects associated with urbanization that impact health.

WHO has used social media such as Facebook and YouTube so that individuals all over the world can participate and interact. It has been collecting stories of urban health champions such as Japanese school student Yuhta Oishi who successfully campaigned to ban smoking in the streets of his city of Shizuoka.
Other events planned for 2010 include:

World Expo in Shanghai, which runs from May to October, with the theme of "Better City, Better Life".

The launch of a report by UNHABITAT and WHO on urbanization and health, with a special theme of reducing health inequities in urban settings.

A new tool called Urban HEART (Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool) for national and municipal leaders to assess and respond to inequities in their urban settings.

A Global Forum in Kobe, Japan, in November will showcase the year's findings and successes on urbanization and health.

World Health day: around the world

Arantxa Cayón Nieto/Health Secretary of Michoacán

An intense day of physical activity for children and teenagers is planned for 11 April, in the main street of Lázaro Cárdenas, an industrial city in Mexico. More than 2000 children and their parents are expected to join in fun exercise programmes with the help of a team of physical education teachers. In Lázaro Cárdenas, families have few opportunities to share time with their children to promote physical exercise and schools very often lack sports teachers and facilities. "High consumption of junk food puts youngsters at risk of obesity and other related diseases," says Aránzazu Cayón Nieto, spokesperson from the health secretariat of Michoacán state.

In Somalia, more than 1 million people will receive health-related text messages for World Health Day. Messages have been selected and translated into Somali language and the largest mobile phone network in Somalia has agreed to send these messages free of charge.

In Jalalabad, Afghanistan, there is a plan to plant up to 100 000 trees.

In San Luis, Argentina, the Plaza Independencia and four surrounding streets will be open to residents.

Melbourne, Australia, plans a half- day family event including a run and bike on the Grand Prix circuit where participants are encouraged to carry a sign of their city of birth to demonstrate the multicultural nature of the city.

In Damphu, Bhutan, the day will be marked by raising awareness on health issues.

In Medellin, Colombia, there are activities planned for the whole population, including festivals, celebration of physical activity week and activi- ties involving old and young people.

Pointe Noire, the Congo, will focus on public hygiene activities such as cleaning the streets and waterways and will open streets to soccer, vol- leyball and a traditional women's sport called Nzango.

In Port Said, Egypt, the plan includes walking for health, drawing for health, music for health, playing for health.

Golf lessons will be given in Cannes, France, to commemorate World Health Day.

Bangalore, India, plans to offer free tests for eyesight, blood pressure and weight as well as planting saplings.

Five key areas for action

the ability of governments to build essential infrastructures that make life in cities safe, rewarding and healthy, particularly in low- income countries," says Kumaresan. "We are at a key turning point in history where we can take concrete actions to address the health issues associated with these urbanization trends."

What can cities do to meet the challenges?

Promote urban planning for healthy behaviours and safety.

Improve urban living conditions, including access to adequate shelter and sanitation for all.

Involve communities in local decision- making.

Ensure cities are accessible and age- friendly.

Make urban areas resilient to emergencies and disasters.

City facts

More than half the world's population now live in cities.

By 2030, six out of every 10 people will be city dwellers, rising to seven out of every 10 people by 2050.

Between 1995 and 2005, the urban population of developing countries grew by an average of 1.2 million people per week, or around 165 000 people every day.

One in three urban dwellers lives in slums, or a total of 1 billion people worldwide.

Globally, road traffic injuries are the ninth leading cause of death, and most road traffic deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Almost half of those who die in road traffic crashes are pedestrians, cyclists or users of motorized two-wheelers.

Urban air pollution kills around 1.2 million people each year around the world, mainly due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. A major proportion of urban air pollution is caused by motor vehicles, although industrial pollution, electricity generation and in least developed countries household fuel combustion are also major contributors.

Tuberculosis (TB) incidence is much higher in big cities. In New York City, TB incidence is four times the national average. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 83% of people with TB live in cities.

Urban environments tend to discourage physical activity and promote unhealthy food consumption. Participation in physical activity is made difficult by a variety of urban factors including overcrowding, high-volume traffic, heavy use of motorized transportation, poor air quality and lack of safe public spaces and recreation/sports facilities.

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"The world is rapidly urbanizing with significant changes in our living standards, lifestyles, social behaviour and health," says Dr Jacob Kumaresan, director of the World Health Organization's Centre for Health Development based in Kobe, Japan. "While urban living continues to offer many opportunities, including potential access to better health care, today's urban environments can concentrate health risks and introduce new hazards".

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The world has made great progress in reducing hunger: There are 216 million fewer hungry people than in 1990-92, despite a 1.9 billion increase in the world's population. But there is still a long way to go, and no one organization can achieve Zero Hunger if it works alone.

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Citizens' Climate Lobby | Solutions to Climate Change

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Our supporters cover the political spectrum and work in 500+ local chapters. Together, we're building support for a national bipartisan solution to climate change.

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The world has made great progress in reducing hunger: There are 216 million fewer hungry people than in 1990-92, despite a 1.9 billion increase in the world's population. But there is still a long way to go, and no one organization can achieve Zero Hunger if it works alone.

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Most energy efficient ceiling fan in India

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Energy is an inevitable requirement where we want development to take place. All these power generation techniques can be described as renewable since they are not depleting any resources to create the energy. Renewable sources of energy are the ones which can be generated continuously in nature and are inexhaustible. These are the top 10 energy sources:

10. Biomass
Biomass or bio-energy, the energy from organic matter for thousands of years, ever since people started burning wood to cook food. Wood is still our largest biomass energy resource even today. Other sources of biomass can be used including plants, residues from agriculture or forestry and the organic components. Plants and animal matters are used for production of fibers chemicals or heat. The net emission of carbon dioxide will be zero as long as plants continue to be replenished for biomass energy purposes. Burning of plant or animal matters causes' air and water pollution. The burning of dung destroys essential nitrogen and phosphorus. Therefore, it is more useful to convert the biomass into biogas or bio fuels.

9. Biogas
Biogas is a mixture of methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and hydrogen sulphite, the major constituents being methane. Biogas is produced by anaerobic degradation of animal and plant wastes in the presence of water. Anaerobic degradation is to break down the organic matter by bacteria in the absence of oxygen. It is a non-polluting, clean and low cost fuel which is very useful for rural areas. Biogas plants used in our country are of two types; fixed dome biogas plant and floating drum biogas plant.

8. Tidal Energy
Tidal energy is not a very popular energy source, but has immense potential of becoming one in the near future. Tidal energy can be generated in two ways, tidal stream generators or by barrage generation. The power created through tidal generators is generally environmental friendly and causes less impact on established ecosystems. It is similar to the wind energy. Tidal energy is the only form of energy that derives directly from the motions of the Earth-Moon system. The tidal forces produced by the Moon-Sun in combination with Earth's rotation are responsible for the tides.

7. Wind Energy
Wind energy is a conversion of wind energy by wind turbines into a useful form, such as electricity or mechanical energy. Wind farms are installed on agricultural land or grazing areas, have one of the lowest environmental impacts of all energy sources. The principal application of wind power today is the generation of electricity, historically; it has been used directly to propel sailing ships or converted into mechanical energy for pumping water or grinding grains.

6. Geothermal Energy
Geothermal energy is the heat from Earth. It's clean and sustainable. Resources of geothermal energy range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles beneath the Earth's surface and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma. The steam or hot water comes out of the cracks in the Earth and when it doesn't find any way to come out, holes are drilled with pipes in it to gush the hot water out due to high pressure which turn the turbines of a generator to produce electricity.

5. Radiant Energy
99% of the cost of normal electricity can be saved by the use of radiant energy. It performs the same functions, but doesn't possess behavior similar to electricity. Nikola Tesla's magnifying transmitter, T Henry Moray's radiant energy device, Edwin Gray's EMA motor & Paul Baumann's Testatika machine all ran on radiant energy. Nikola Tesla built one of the earliest wireless telephones to be based on radiant energy.

4. Hydro Electricity
This is the most widely used form of renewable energy. The gravitation force of falling water is the key point in hydroelectricity generation. Small scale hydro or micro-hydro power has been an increasingly popular alternative energy source, especially in remote areas where other power sources are not viable. The hydro power sites has a few major environmental problems like water logging and siltation, Causes loss to biodiversity of fish population and other aquatic animals. It also displaces local people and creates problems of rehabilitation and related socio-economic problems.

3. Compressed Natural Gas
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a substitute for gasoline, diesel or propane fuel. It is cleaner and safer to use as it diffuses easily into the surroundings if leaked. However, burning it does release a few greenhouse gases in the air. CNG is used in traditional gasoline internal combustion engine cars that have been converted into bi-fuel vehicles.

2. Solar Energy
The sun offers an ideal energy source, unlimited in supply, expensive, which does not add to the earth's total heat burden and does not produce air and water pollutants. Solar installations in recent years have also largely begun to expand into residential areas with government offering incentive programs to make "green" energy a more economically viable option.

1. Nuclear Energy
Proponents of nuclear energy contend that nuclear power is a sustainable energy source that reduces carbon emissions and increases energy security by decreasing dependence on foreign oil. Nuclear fission is used to extract energy from atomic nuclei via controlled nuclear reactions. Utility scale reactors are use to produce steam which is then converted into mechanical work for the purpose of generating electricity or propulsion.
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Energy is an inevitable requirement where we want development to take place. All these power generation techniques can be described as renewable since they are not depleting any resources to create the energy. Renewable sources of energy are the ones which can be generated continuously in nature and are inexhaustible.

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Gender equality is a human right.

Women are entitled to live with dignity and freedom from fear. Gender equality is also a precondition for advancing development and reducing poverty: Empowered women contribute to the health and productivity of entire families and communities, improving prospects for the next generation. Still, despite solid evidence demonstrating the centrality of women's empowerment to realizing human rights, reducing poverty, promoting development and addressing the world's most urgent challenges, gender equality remains an unfulfilled promise.

For decades UNFPA has advocated for women and girls, promoting legal and policy reforms and gender-responsive data collection, as well as supporting initiatives that improve the health of women and girls and expand their choices in life.

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Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions - Earth Changers

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Cities Climate Change Conservation Education Employment End Poverty Energy Equality Gender Equality Health & Well Being Infrastructure Marine Conservation Partnerships Peace & Justice Sustainable Consumption Water & Sanitation Zero Hunger

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The SDGs promote sustained economic growth, higher levels of productivity and technological innovation. Encouraging entrepreneurship and job creation are key to this, as are effective measures to eradicate forced labour, slavery and human trafficking. With these targets in mind, the goal is to achieve full and productive employment, and decent work, for all women and men by 2030.

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Founded February 12, 1909, the NAACP is the nation's foremost, largest, and most widely recognized civil rights organization. Its more than half-million members and supporters throughout the United States and the world are the premier advocates for civil rights in their communities, leading grassroots campaigns for equal opportunity and conducting voter mobilization.
Founding group

In 1908, a deadly race riot rocked the city of Springfield, the capital of Illinois and resting place of President Abraham Lincoln. Such eruptions of anti-black violence - particularly lynching - were horrifically commonplace, but the Springfield riot was the final tipping point that led to the creation of the NAACP. Appalled at this rampant violence, a group of white liberals that included Mary White Ovington and Oswald Garrison Villard (both the descendants of famous abolitionists), William English Walling and Dr. Henry Moscowitz issued a call for a meeting to discuss racial justice. Some 60 people, seven of whom were African American (including W. E. B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, and Mary Church Terrell), signed the call, which was released on the centennial of Lincoln's birth.

Echoing the focus of Du Bois' Niagara Movement for civil rights, which began in 1905, the NAACP's aimed to secure for all people the rights guaranteed in the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the United States Constitution, which promised an end to slavery, the equal protection of the law, and universal adult male suffrage, respectively. Accordingly, the NAACP's mission was and is to ensure the political, educational, social and economic equality of minority group citizens of United States and eliminate race prejudice. The NAACP seeks to remove all barriers of racial discrimination through democratic processes.

The NAACP established its national office in New York City in 1910 and named a board of directors as well as a president, Moorfield Storey, a white constitutional lawyer and former president of the American Bar Association. Other early members included Joel and Arthur Spingarn, Josephine Ruffin, Mary Talbert, Inez Milholland, Jane Addams, Florence Kelley, Sophonisba Breckinridge, John Haynes Holmes, Mary McLeod Bethune, George Henry White, Charles Edward Russell, John Dewey, William Dean Howells, Lillian Wald, Charles Darrow, Lincoln Steffens, Ray Stannard Baker, Fanny Garrison Villard, and Walter Sachs. Despite a foundational commitment to multiracial membership, Du Bois was the only African American among the organization's original executives. He was made director of publications and research and in 1910 established the official journal of the NAACP, The Crisis.

The Crisis

The Crisis
W.E.B. Du Bois founded The Crisis magazine in 1910 as the premier crusading voice for civil rights. Originally subtitled, "A Record of the Darker Races," The Crisis was a groundbreaking outlet for discussing critical issues confronting the African American community and sharing the intellectual and artistic work of people of color. In its first decade, The Crisis focused on vital issues like lynching and World War I. From 1920-1921, Du Bois also published a children's edition of The Crisis, called The Brownies' Book, the first periodical exclusively for black youth in American history.

In time, The Crisis became a voice of the Harlem Renaissance, as Du Bois published works by Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen and other famous African American literary figures. In 1928, expanding the magazine's artistic reach, Du Bois founded Krigwa Players (CRIGWA: Crisis Guild of Writers and Artists) to foster theater production about, by, for, and near the African American community.

Now published quarterly, The Crisis remains the official publication of the NAACP and is the NAACP's articulate partner in the struggle for human rights for people of color. A respected journal of thought, opinion and analysis, The Crisis continues to explore past and present issues concerning race and its impact on educational, economic, political, social, moral, and ethical issues. In addition, each issue is highlighted with a special section, "The NAACP Today" reporting the news and events of the NAACP on a local and national level.

A Period of Growth

By 1913, with a strong emphasis on local organizing, the NAACP had established branch offices in such cities as Boston, MA, Baltimore, MD, Kansas City, MO, St. Louis, MO, Washington, D.C., and Detroit, MI. NAACP membership grew rapidly, from around 9,000 in 1917 to around 90,000 in 1919, with more than 300 local branches.

Joel Spingarn, a professor of literature and one of the NAACP founders formulated much of the strategy that fostered much of the organization's growth. He was elected board chairman of the NAACP in 1915 and served as president from 1929-1939. Writer and diplomat James Weldon Johnson became the Association's first black executive secretary in 1920, and Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, was named the first black board chairman in 1934.

A series of early court battles, including a victory against a discriminatory Oklahoma law that regulated voting by means of a grandfather clause ( Guinn v. United States, 1910), helped establish the NAACP's importance as a legal advocate. The fledgling organization also learned to harness the power of publicity through its 1915 battle against D. W. Griffith's inflammatory Birth of a Nation, a motion picture that perpetuated demeaning stereotypes of African Americans and glorified the Ku Klux Klan.

Among the Association's top priorities was eradicating lynching. Throughout its 30-year campaign, the NAACP waged legislative battles, gathered and published crucial statistics, organized mass protests, and produced artistic material all in the name of bringing an end to the violence. After early worries about its constitutionality, the NAACP strongly supported the federal Dyer Bill, which would have punished those who participated in or failed to prosecute lynch mobs. Though the U.S. House of Representatives passed the bill, a Senate filibuster defeated it for good in 1922. Despite repeated opportunities in years to follow, such as the Costigan-Wagner Bill, Congress never passed any anti-lynching legislation. Many credit the NAACP report "Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States, 1889-1919" and the public debate that followed with drastically decreasing the incidence of lynching.

In 1930, Walter F. White succeeded Johnson as executive secretary. White was instrumental not only in his research on lynching (in part because, as a very fair-skinned African American, he had been able to infiltrate white groups), but also in his successful block of segregationist Judge John J. Parker's nomination by President Herbert Hoover to the U.S. Supreme Court.

White presided over the NAACP's most productive period of legal advocacy. In 1930 the association commissioned the Margold Report, which became the basis for the successful reversal of the separate-but-equal doctrine that had governed public facilities since Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). In 1935, White recruited Charles H. Houston as NAACP chief counsel. Houston was the Howard University law school dean whose strategy on school-segregation cases paved the way for his protégé Thurgood Marshall to prevail in 1954's Brown v. Board of Education, the decision that overturned Plessy.

During the Great Depression of the 1930s, which was disproportionately disastrous for African Americans, the NAACP began to focus on economic justice. After years of tension with white labor unions, the Association cooperated with the newly formed Congress of Industrial Organizations in an effort to win jobs for black Americans. White, a friend and adviser to First Lady - and NAACP national board member - Eleanor Roosevelt, met with her often in attempt to convince President Franklin D. Roosevelt to outlaw job discrimination in the armed forces, defense industries, and the agencies created by the New Deal.

Roosevelt ultimately agreed to open thousands of jobs to black workers when labor leader A. Philip Randolph, in collaboration with the NAACP, threatened a national March on Washington movement in 1941. President Roosevelt also set up a Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC) to ensure compliance.

Throughout the 1940s, the NAACP saw enormous growth in membership, recording roughly 600,000 members by 1946. It continued to act as a legislative and legal advocate, pushing for a federal anti-lynching law and for an end to state-mandated segregation.

Civil Rights Era

By the 1950s the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, headed by Marshall, secured the last of these goals through Brown v. Board of Education (1954), which outlawed segregation in public schools. The NAACP's Washington, D.C., bureau, led by lobbyist Clarence M. Mitchell Jr., helped advance not only integration of the armed forces in 1948 but also passage of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957, 1964, and 1968 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Despite such dramatic courtroom and congressional victories, the implementation of civil rights was a slow, painful, and oft times violent process. The unsolved 1951 murder of Harry T. Moore, an NAACP field secretary in Florida whose home was bombed on Christmas night, and his wife was just one of many crimes of retribution against the NAACP and its staff and members. NAACP Mississippi field secretary Medgar Evers and his wife Myrlie also became high-profile targets for pro-segregationist violence and terrorism. In 1962, their home was firebombed and later Medgar was assassinated by a sniper in front of their residence. Violence also met black children attempting to enter previously segregated schools in Little Rock, Arkansas, and other southern cities.

The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s echoed the NAACP's goals, but leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr., of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, felt that direct action was needed to obtain them. Although the NAACP was criticized for working too rigidly within the system, prioritizing legislative and judicial solutions, the Association did provide legal representation and aid to members of other protest groups over a sustained period of time. The NAACP even posted bail for hundreds of Freedom Riders in the '60s who had traveled to Mississippi to register black voters and challenge Jim Crow policies.

Led by Roy Wilkins, who succeeded Walter White as secretary in 1955, the NAACP collaborated with A. Philip Randolph, Bayard Rustin and other national organizations to plan the historic 1963 March on Washington. The following year, the Association accomplished what seemed an insurmountable task: the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Assisting the NAACP throughout the years were many celebrities and well-known leaders, including Sammy Davis Jr., Lena Horne, Jackie Robinson, Harry Belafonte. As an NAACP director of branches, Ella Baker stressed the importance of young people and women in the organization by recruiting members, raising money, and organizing local campaigns. Daisy Bates served as an NAACP national board member, Arkansas state conference president and advisor to the Little Rock Nine. NAACP stalwart Kivie Kaplan, a businessman and philanthropist from Boston, served as president of the NAACP from 1966 until 1975, personally led nationwide NAACP Life Membership efforts, and fought to keep African Americans away from illegal drugs.

Close of First Century

As de facto racial segregation remained and job discrimination lingered and urban poverty and crime increased, NAACP advocacy and action remained critical for the African American community.

In 1977, Wilkins retired and was replaced by Benjamin L. Hooks - the first leader of the NAACP to be titled "executive director" instead of "executive secretary." During his fifteen year term, Dr. Hooks implemented many NAACP programs that continue today, such as Women in the NAACP and NAACP ACT-SO (Academic, Cultural, Technological and Scientific Olympics) competitions. Additionally, his term included the Bakke case (1978), in which a California court outlawed several aspects of affirmative action.

In the 1990s, the NAACP struggled to find a leader who could replace the prolific Dr. Hooks. In 1993, Benjamin F. Chavis (now Chavis Muhammad) became executive director/CEO. In 1995, Myrlie Evers-Williams (widow of Medgar Evers) became the third woman to chair the NAACP, a position she held until she was succeeded by Chairman Emeritus Julian Bond in 1998. In 1996, the National Board of Directors selected Kweisi Mfume, a former congressman and head of the Congressional Black Caucus, to serve as president and CEO. In doing so, the board changed the name of the leadership position once more and eliminated the elected office of president.

The New Millennium

The NAACP entered the 21 st century reinvigorated and, in 2000, launched a massive get-out-the-vote campaign. As a result, 1 million more African Americans cast their ballots in the 2000 presidential election than in 1996.

The NAACP's initiatives for the 21 st century can best be summarized by its six "Game Changers": economic sustainability, education, health, public safety and criminal justice, voting rights and political representation, and expanding youth and young adult engagement.

Recent leaders have included Bruce S. Gordon, Benjamin Todd Jealous, Dennis Courtland Hayes, and Cornell William Brooks. Presently, Derrick Johnson serves as President and CEO, and Leon W. Russell serves as chairman of the National Board of Directors.

***

Yet the real story of the nation's oldest and largest civil rights organization lies in the hearts and minds of all those who refused to stand idly while race prejudice tarnished our nation. From bold investigations of mob brutality, protests of mass murders, segregation and discrimination, to testimony before congressional committees on the vicious tactics used to bar African Americans from the ballot box, it was the talent and tenacity of NAACP members that saved lives and made change.

While much of NAACP history is chronicled in books, articles, pamphlets, and magazines, the true movement lies in the faces of the multiracial, multigenerational army of ordinary men and women who united to awaken the consciousness of a people and a nation. With such a powerful membership base, all 2,200 chapters of the Association continue to persevere. Together, the NAACP will remain vigilant in its mission until the promise of America is made real for all Americans.

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NAACP | Nation's Premier Civil Rights Organization

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Founded February 12, 1909, the NAACP is the nation's foremost, largest, and most widely recognized civil rights organization. Its more than half-million members and supporters throughout the United States and the world are the premier advocates for civil rights in their communities, leading grassroots campaigns for equal opportunity and conducting voter mobilization.

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A specialized agency of the United Nations whose mandate covers weather, climate and water resources. The UN's scientific voice on the state and behaviour of our atmosphere and climate.

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As you pursue your master's in public health, you'll want to pay attention to organizations that specialize in public health. These entities regularly apply public health principles, making them rich educational resources for people who are new to the field. Furthermore, they may present job opportunities after you graduate. Here are top public health organizations to watch.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

As noted on the CDC website, the organization's mission is to "protect America from health, safety, and security threats...To accomplish our mission, CDC conducts critical science and provides health information that protects our nation against expensive and dangerous health threats, and responds when these arise."

As you explore the CDC website, you'll discover some of the health concerns that the CDC strives to ameliorate. For example, the organization battles drug epidemics, obesity, and health issues abroad that may impact public wellness in the U.S.

World Health Organization (WHO)

Image via Flickr by US Army Africa

The United Nations came into being in 1945, and WHO soon followed, making its debut in 1948. WHO serves as an international authority on public health issues. According to WHO, some of the health concerns that the organization addresses include:

Health systems, with universal health coverage as the ultimate goal

Non-communicable diseases, such as heart disease and stroke

Communicable diseases

Public health emergencies

As part of the United Nations system, WHO has a far-reaching influence and may provide special opportunities for new public health specialists to explore the world and make a positive impact.

American Public Health Association (APHA)

APHA outlines its rich history, stating that the organization started in 1872, when science first made it possible to gain insight into what causes communicable diseases. Since that time, APHA has grown and continues to strive to tackle public health issues through educational campaigns and other efforts. APHA publishes the American Journal of Public Health. Each year it organizes National Public Health Week.

APHA states that it has more than 25,000 public health professionals as members. You may wish to join so you can have a part in what APHA accomplishes. Student memberships are also available.

The Carter Center

The Carter Center is a charitable organization with a focus on public health. While there may be some overlap between what the Carter Center does and what other public health organizations do, the Carter Center claims that it "seeks to break new ground and not duplicate the effective efforts of others."

The Center lists some of its current projects, which include:

Efforts to eradicate guinea worm

Programs to fight river blindness

Mental health initiatives

How to Keep Up With Public Health Organizations

The abovementioned organizations invite the public to keep tabs on their projects and accomplishments. They all have social media accounts that you can follow. Their websites are also rich sources of information about what they strive to do, and most of the websites even contain information about opportunities to join these organizations.

By keeping up with public health organizations, you can continue to grow your knowledge about important issues that affect nations and individuals across the globe.
Resources:
https://www.apha.org/ http://mphprogramslist.com/20-public-health-organizations-all-graduate-students-should-know-of/ http://www.cdc.gov/about/organization/mission.htm http://www.who.int/about/what-we-do/en/ https://www.apha.org/about-apha/our-history https://www.apha.org/about-apha/get-involved http://www.cartercenter.org/about/faqs/index.html http://www.cartercenter.org/about/index.html http://www.cartercenter.org/health/index.html

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Top Public Health Organizations to Watch

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As you pursue your master's in public health, you'll want to pay attention to organizations that specialize in public health. These entities regularly apply public health principles, making them rich educational resources for people who are new to the field. Furthermore, they may present job opportunities after you graduate.

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WASHINGTON, August 16, 2017 - Today, leading clean energy organizations announced their participation in the first annual National Clean Energy Week (NCEW), which will take place from September 25-29, 2017. National Clean Energy Week will bring together industry associations, businesses, non-profits, and advocates in the clean energy space for activities in Washington, D.C. and across America to showcase how they are helping to make the industry stronger, and influence the discussion around common sense clean energy solutions that directly address America's need for abundant, reliable forms of energy.

"Across our nation, readily abundant and reliable forms of clean energy are spurring job growth and driving technological innovation. Considering where we were a few years ago, the recent market-led growth in these sectors is impressive by any measure," said Charles Hernick, Director of Policy and Advocacy, Citizens For Responsible Energy Solutions Forum (CRES Forum). "CRES Forum is excited to join with partners around the country in celebrating the first annual National Clean Energy Week. Together, we can advance support for common sense clean energy solutions that will provide Americans with secure and reliable energy for years to come."

"The huge increase of renewable generation in electricity markets has made the American renewable energy industry one of the nation's fastest growing economic sectors - and this new power generation is the largest source of private sector infrastructure investment in the U.S. over the past six years," said Todd Foley, Senior Vice President of Policy & Government Affairs, American Council on Renewable Energy (ACORE). "We can and should continue to do more to support policies that increase investment in cost-competitive renewable energy generation - to harness the nation's abundant domestic energy resources, drive economic development, and help achieve environmental objectives."

"National Clean Energy Week is an opportunity to highlight how innovative technologies - from solar, wind, and demand response to combined heat and power, energy efficiency, energy storage, and everything in between - are providing reliable energy solutions for the American economy, all while driving down costs for consumers," said Arvin Ganesan, VP of Federal Policy, Advanced Energy Economy (AEE)."It's also driving business and jobs. Today, advanced energy is a $200 billion industry - as big as pharmaceutical manufacturing and approaching that of consumer electronics. With advanced energy supporting more than 3 million workers nationwide and a presence in every state, AEE is committed to removing barriers to innovation at the federal and state level to expand the deployment of advanced energy and bring secure, clean, reliable, affordable power to all Americans."

"The wind industry is propelling American energy production, manufacturing, and job creation into the 21st Century," said Tom Kiernan, CEO of the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA). "We're proud to join in the effort to launch the first National Clean Energy Week this September by recognizing U.S. wind power leadership. American wind projects are among the world's most productive, wind turbine technician is the country's fastest growing job, and over 500 U.S. factories make up the wind supply chain."

"The Business Council for Sustainable Energy is pleased to be part of the 2017 National Clean Energy Week. As a broad-based energy trade group representing energy efficiency, natural gas and renewable energy companies and associations, our members have experienced the dramatic shifts in the US energy system firsthand," said Lisa Jacobson, President, Business Council for Sustainable Energy (BCSE). "These changes have demonstrated that the US can move to cleaner, more efficient technologies and resources while growing our economy, keeping energy prices low and supporting over 3 million US jobs. National Clean Energy Week will tell this story and highlight policies that can help build on the current momentum."

"Biomass is a baseload, renewable energy source that contributes to rural American economies," said Carrie Annand, Executive Director, Biomass Power Association (BPA). "Biomass power facilities provide an extra revenue stream for foresters, loggers and farmers, putting to use materials that would otherwise be landfilled, left on the forest floor, or openly burned. We look forward to National Clean Energy Week, where we will discuss policy solutions to ensure that biomass power continues to grow and reach its full potential in the United States."

"All across the United States, businesses are building the backbone of a growing clean energy economy. These companies are providing more reliable power to apartment complexes and hospitals, helping manufacturers save money, and innovating new technologies that will one day run our cell phones and cars on far less energy," said Lynn Abramson, Executive Director, Clean Energy Business Network (CEBN). "During National Clean Energy Week, we look forward to demonstrating how clean energy businesses are creating jobs and making the U.S. more competitive in the global energy marketplace."

"Working together to advance clean energy makes sense for America, that's why we are eager to take part in National Clean Energy Week," said Jon Wentzel, Vice President of Communications at the Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI). "As the nation's largest source of emissions-free electricity, America's nuclear energy sector works every day to produce clean, reliable power."

"NHA is pleased to be a part of National Clean Energy Week, as it is the ideal platform to showcase how hydropower is helping the nation lessen its carbon footprint, create jobs and integrate other renewables onto the grid," said Linda Church Ciocci, Executive Director, National Hydropower Association (NHA). "Hydropower is standing on the cusp of a resurgence because policy makers, grid operators, and climate advocates are recognizing its importance to our clean energy future. In fact, increasing hydropower's capacity by 50 gigawatts by 2050 would annually reduce GHGs by 5.6 billion metric tons and save $209 billion in avoided global damages from GHG emissions."

"Solar energy is a job-creating, cost-cutting power source that is turning our antiquated electricity system on its head," said Abigail Ross Hopper, president and CEO of the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA). "The strides clean energy is making across our country is something we should celebrate every week. We're thrilled to be part of this joint effort and look forward to continuing to provide Americans the electricity they both want and deserve."

About ACORE
The American Council on Renewable Energy (ACORE) is a national non-profit organization leading the transition to a renewable energy economy. With hundreds of member companies from across the spectrum of renewable energy technologies, consumers and investors, ACORE is uniquely positioned to promote the policies and financial structures essential to growth in the renewable energy sector. Our annual forums in Washington, D.C., New York and San Francisco set the industry standard in providing important venues for key leaders to meet, discuss recent developments, and hear the latest from senior government officials and seasoned experts. For more information, visit the ACORE website and follow @ACORE on Twitter.

Media Contact:
Gil Jenkins
Vice President of Communications
jenkins@acore.org | 202.777.7584

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Leading Clean Energy Organizations Announce National Clean Energy Week - ACORE

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WASHINGTON, August 16, 2017 - Today, leading clean energy organizations announced their participation in the first annual National Clean Energy Week (NCEW), which will take place from September 25-29, 2017. National Clean Energy Week will bring together industry associations, businesses, non-profits, and advocates in the clean energy space for activities in Washington, D.C.

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Conserve and sustainably use the ocean, seas and marine resources for sustainable development

Rafa Prada

The Sustainable Development Goals ( SDGs), officially known as Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a set of seventeen aspirational "Global Goals" with 169 targets between them. The SDGs build on the success of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and aim to go further to end all forms of poverty. The new Goals are unique in that they call for action by all countries, poor, rich and middle-income to promote prosperity while protecting the planet.

Ocean funders are playing a role in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Foundation Center's SDGfunders is a site that tracks philanthropy's contribution to realizing the sustainable development goals through an interactive, data-driven visualization tool.

See how your funding strategies align and where there may be room for improvement.

Goal 14 Targets

14.1
By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution

14.2
By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans

14.3
Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels

14.4
By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics

14.5
By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information

14.6
By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation

14.7
By 2030, increase the economic benefits to Small Island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism

14.a
Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries

14.b
Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets

14.c
Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in UNCLOS, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of The Future We Want

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SDG Life Below Water | FundingtheOcean.org

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Conserve and sustainably use the ocean, seas and marine resources for sustainable development Rafa Prada The Sustainable Development Goals ( SDGs), officially known as Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a set of seventeen aspirational "Global Goals" with 169 targets between them.

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GCF is a financial mechanism under the UNFCCC which helps fund climate finance investment in low-emission, climate-resilient development through mitigation and adaptation projects and programmes in developing countries.

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Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions | Academic Impact

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Without peace, stability, human rights and effective governance, based on the rule of law we cannot hope for sustainable development. We are living in a world that is increasingly divided. Some regions enjoy sustained levels of peace, security and prosperity, while others fall into seemingly endless cycles of conflict and violence.

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The world has made great progress in reducing hunger: There are 216 million fewer hungry people than in 1990-92, despite a 1.9 billion increase in the world's population. But there is still a long way to go, and no one organization can achieve Zero Hunger if it works alone.

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The richest 20 per cent of the population (with 61 per cent of the nation's wealth) is sitting on an average net worth of $2.2 million per household, while the poorest fifth (with one per cent of the wealth) has an average of just $31,205 per household.

Put another way, the most prosperous half of Australians own almost 90 per cent of the country's assets. And the top 10 per cent hold almost half of all the wealth in this country, while the bottom half split a share of only 12 per cent of the nation's net worth.

Most troubling of all, the divide between rich and poor has been widening in recent decades, following a long period of contraction from Federation to the 1970s.

This is not just unfair - a widening gap is counterproductive to growth, social cohesion and long term prosperity.

The Reichstein Foundation is invested in a number of major projects designed to reduce inequality in Australia. These include:
Gambling law reform
Support for the Alliance for Gambling Reform, an alliance of community groups who seek to reduce the harm created by an industry whose transfer of wealth out of some of Victoria's poorest suburbs is virtually untrammelled. In particular, brilliantly designed but utterly malevolent 'pokies' machines are causing immense community, family and personal harm. They make up 60 percent of Australia's total gambling losses. AGR seeks better regulation of pokies, as well as legislation to limit online and sports betting.

For more information visit this page: http://www.pokiesplayyou.org.au/
High quality employment for people with disability
Support for the AED Legal Centre to undertake systemic advocacy work on issues of wage discrimination and inequality experienced by employees with disability working in Australian Disability Enterprises (ADEs). These workers are among the lowest paid employees in the country.

The Foundation assisted the AED Legal Centre to mount a representative action in the Federal Court for wage justice and an improvement in the economic well-being of 20,000 employees with disability working in Australian Disability Enterprises. Alongside this is an education, research and policy advocacy program led by People with Disability Australia focused on Government, ADEs and employees to reduce the level of inequality and economic disadvantage experienced by employees with disability; promote alternatives to segregated employment; and policy reforms to implement genuine supported employment options.

Background: In 2012 the full Federal Court found that the predominant tool used to determine wages and conditions in the disability enterprise sector - the Business Services Wage Assessment Tool (BSWAT) - unlawfully discriminates against people with intellectual disabilities.

In late April 2014 the Australian Human Rights Commission granted the Department of Social Services a one-year exemption from certain sections of the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 to allow the continued use of the BSWAT.

That meant that even after BSWAT was shown to enable discrimination, employees with disability continued to be paid under the scheme for some time afterwards.

Nine peak organisations including AED Legal and PwDA were critical of this situation: Australian Human Rights Commission supports continued discrimination of employees with disability.

To find out more about the legal actions see here.

In supporting AED, the Reichstein Foundation will work with the disability employment sector to:

Ensure the bulk of ADEs become viable using the supported wage

Non viable ADEs are supported by Govt to become viable and maintain employment and social capital;

ADE employees experience higher wages

New models of ADEs emerge with greater prospects for employees to work in open employment

The situation in Disability Enterprises is a snapshot of a larger challenge in disability employment, with the Australian Government shedding workers with a disability at a shameful rate.
Renewing retailing in Rapanyup
Support for the Rupanyup Minyip Finance Group to develop a blueprint of how the local community will progress to developing a fully-fledged model of community retailing in this remote northern Victorian township. The goal is the development of an attractive retail hub that has the ability to win back local shoppers and provide retail choice for local residents. The longer term aim is to create a community/private partnership model for retail development that can be replicated across rural Australia.

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The richest 20 per cent of the population (with 61 per cent of the nation's wealth) is sitting on an average net worth of $2.2 million per household, while the poorest fifth (with one per cent of the wealth) has an average of just $31,205 per household.

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Goal 16: Peace, justice and strong institutions - The Global Goals

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Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels.

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About ACORE

Founded in 2001, the American Council on Renewable Energy (ACORE) is a 501(c)(3) national nonprofit organization that unites finance, policy and technology to accelerate the transition to a renewable energy economy.

We are the focal point for collaborative advocacy across the renewable energy sector.

Our Members

Our membership represents all facets of the renewable energy marketplace, including leading developers and manufacturers, institutional investors, major corporate offtakers, and the country's most forward-leaning utilities.

Expectations for Renewable Energy Finance in 2023-2026

Analysis of Hourly & Annual GHG Emissions: Accounting for Hydrogen Production

2023 State of Black America Report: A Climate in Crisis

"The IRA is working to accelerate the nation's energy transition, spur economic growth, and launch a renaissance in American manufacturing. I don't think in my career I've ever seen a law have a greater impact on economic development in this country."

- ACORE President & CEO Gregory Wetstone in the Financial Times.

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American Council on Renewable Energy (ACORE)

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ACORE is a national nonprofit organization that unites finance, policy and technology to accelerate the transition to a renewable energy economy.

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Within the 2030 Agenda, it is now the time to renew the call to action for zero hunger and malnutrition, and for the deep transformations required on agriculture and food systems to build an inclusive, safe, sustainable and resilient society.

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Goal 13: Climate action - The Global Goals

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Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.

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On World Humanitarian Day, we turn our focus to the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia, where children have endured devastating consequences of conflict and the upheaval caused by COVID-19. A new independent...

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On World Humanitarian Day, we turn our focus to the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia, where children have endured devastating consequences of conflict and the upheaval caused by COVID-19. A new independent...

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FEATURED TOPIC

Health Literacy

Health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the ability to find, understand, and use information and services to inform health-related decisions.

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MedlinePlus - Health Information from the National Library of Medicine

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Find information on health conditions, wellness issues, and more in easy-to-read language on MedlinePlus, the up-to-date, trusted health information site from the NIH and the National Library of Medicine.

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The Water Project - A Charity Providing Access to Clean Water in Africa

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The Water Project is a charity that provides access to clean, safe and reliable water and sanitation solutions across sub-Saharan Africa, one village at a time.

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Goal 15 | Department of Economic and Social Affairs

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Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss

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The world has made great progress in reducing hunger: There are 216 million fewer hungry people than in 1990-92, despite a 1.9 billion increase in the world's population. But there is still a long way to go, and no one organization can achieve Zero Hunger if it works alone.

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Every child deserves the opportunity to learn.

Save the Children works in the United States and around the world to reach those children who are missing out most on learning and education.

We help children get ready for kindergarten and learn to read by third grade - a major indicator of future success. We're especially focused on reaching vulnerable children in rural America where early learning resources are scarce. Globally, we ensure that no child's learning stops because they are caught up in crisis.

Even before the COVID-19 pandemic struck, 258 million children were out of school, including 130 million girls. And even when children were at school, many were not learning. The world's children deserve better.

Millions of children risk losing out on their education.

For the first time in human history, an entire generation of children globally have had their education disrupted. And yet, this emergency comes on top of an existing learning crisis. Even before the pandemic struck, millions of children were not going to school and not learning.

Hamza* has already had his access to education disrupted multiple times because of the conflict in Syria. Once his school closed due to COVID-19, he began trying to keep up learning at home.

Save the Children is a global leader in child education.

* We have delivered quality education to over 273 million children in the last decade - more than any other global development organization.

* We helped reduce the number of out-of-school children by one-third since 2000, resulting in 180 million more children getting the education they deserve.

* In rural America, we help more children get ready for kindergarten than any other nonprofit organization.

* We are working to make sure kids can learn during this crisis, with more than 300K kids served since the start of the pandemic.

Learn more about our work to ensure every child has access to a quality education.

Poverty in America

Across the U.S., the poorest children tend to have the fewest learning materials at home. And millions, especially in rural areas, lack high-speed internet and the digital devices necessary for distance learning.

Girl's Education

We understand the importance of education for girl children. With your help, we can educate girls who may not otherwise have the chance to learn - changing the course of their lives, their children's lives and the future of their communities.

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Save the Children works in the United States and around the world to reach those children who are missing out most on learning and education. We help children get ready for kindergarten and learn to read by third grade - a major indicator of future success.

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Organizations

Center for Resource Solutions

The Center for Resource Solutions (CRS) is dedicated to promoting renewable energy and economic and environmental sustainability. CRS administers programs to protect the environment through the design of sustainable energy strategies and technologies, and certifies green power products through the nationally-recognized Green-e™ Renewable Electricity Certification Program. When consumers see the Green-e logo, they can be sure that the green power product is verified annually for its power content and that the electricity provider selling the power has met the Green-e Program's environmental and consumer protection standards.

Ceres

Ceres is a nonprofit focused on tackling the world's biggest sustainability challenges. Among other programs, Ceres works with investors and companies to "advance leading practices that ramp up investments in clean energy" and to mobilize corporate leaders to advocate for stronger renewable energy policies at the state and federal level. Additionally, the Ceres Clean Trillion Campaign encourages decisionmakers to invest an additional $1 trillion per year globally in low-carbon energy sources.

Global Green USA

Global Green USA works in cooperation with individuals, industry, and government to foster a global value shift toward a sustainable and secure future. They particularly focus on promoting livable, resilient, sustainable cities and neighborhoods.

International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI)

ICLEI is a network of local governments that strive to create sustainable, low-carbon cities that are prepared for the future challenges of urbanization. ICLEI's website provides information about local government policies and programs that promote solar and wind power, as well as other green power topics. The site also provides access to case studies, sample policy and ordinance language, and links to technical sites.

Interstate Renewable Energy Council

The Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC) supports forward-thinking, fact-based regulatory reform to make clean energy possible for more Americans. A non-profit formed in 1982, the Council also promotes workforce development and consumer education, especially for low-income communities typically underserved by renewable energy projects.

North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners

The North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP) is a non-profit board of renewable energy stakeholder representatives. Their mission is "to support and work with renewable energy and energy efficiency industries, professionals, and stakeholders to develop and implement quality credentialing and certification programs for practitioners." Consistent with this mission, NABCEP offers national credentialing and certifications for renewable energy professionals that promote worker safety and consumer confidence. NABCEP began that work in 2003 by creating a certification program for solar electric installers--referred to as the NABCEP™ Solar PV Installer Certification.

RE100

RE100 is a collaborative initiative uniting major businesses that commit to use 100% renewable energy. RE100 is a project run by The Climate Group and CDP jointly, and comprises over 100 influential companies that are working to "massively increase demand" for renewable energy.

Regulatory Assistance Project

The Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP) is a non-partisan NGO that helps power sector policymakers navigate the technical challenges involved in a clean energy transition. By providing trusted expertise from experienced utility and environmental regulators, RAP helps overcome power sector inertia and accelerate the transition to a sustainable future.

The Solar Foundation

The Solar Foundation is a non-partisan research organization that provides impartial reports on the solar sector workforce and economics. The Foundation believes that solar is a key part of the clean energy future and seeks to accelerate its adoption, but has no industry affiliation. It also provides capacity building, no-cost technical assistance to cities and counties, and conducts the annual Solar Jobs Census.

Southern Alliance for Clean Energy

Southern Alliance for Clean Energy (S.A.C.E.), formerly known as the Tennessee Valley Energy Reform Coalition, is the only regional organization that promotes responsible energy choices in the Southwest. A non-profit coalition of environmental and citizens' organizations, S.A.C.E. monitors and proposes regional energy policy reforms that better respond to citizens' environmental and economic needs. S.A.C.E. also helps to promote and educate consumers about green power purchasing options, such as utility green power programs throughout the Southeast.

U.S. Partnership for Renewable Energy Finance

The U.S. Partnership for Renewable Energy Finance (US PREF) is a coalition of leading financiers, investors, and policymakers who meet to discuss critical market barriers to renewable energy investment. US PREF publishes white papers summarizing key insights, and is a program of the American Council on Renewable Energy (ACORE).

Western Resource Advocates

Western Resource Advocates is a non-profit law and policy center dedicated to restoring and protecting the natural environment of the interior American west. Western Resource Advocates' Clean Energy Project promotes sustainable energy technologies in six states in the Rocky Mountain and Desert Southwest region. The Clean Energy Project encourages citizens and businesses to switch to clean, renewable energy, and envisions a zero-carbon future for the region.

Windustry

Since 1995, Windustry has promoted local and community participation in wind energy - through advocacy, outreach education, and technical assistance. Windustry provides detailed information on wind project development to stakeholders and decision-makers at the local, state and federal levels, in order to encourage community ownership of local projects.

World Resources Institute

World Resources Institute (WRI) is an environmental think tank that goes beyond research to find practical ways to protect the earth and improve people's lives. The World Resources Institute's mission is to encourage human society to live in ways that protect Earth's environment and its capacity to provide for the needs and aspirations of current and future generations. Shifting global energy systems is one of their six focus areas, and the Institute supports evidence-based projects that promote renewable energy.

Certification Programs

Green-e™ Certification

Green-e is the nation's leading independent renewable energy certification and verification program. The Green-e Energy Program works to expand the market for clean, renewable energy by advancing awareness of renewable energy options and encouraging both consumer confidence and product consistency.

Low Impact Hydropower Institute

The Low Impact Hydropower Institute (LIHI) is a non-profit organization dedicated to reducing the impacts of hydropower generation through market incentives, primarily the certification of environmentally responsible, "low impact" hydropower.

Trade Organizations

American Solar Energy Society

The American Solar Energy Society (ASE) is a non-profit organization dedicated to increasing the use of solar energy, energy efficiency, and other sustainable technologies in the United States. ASE puts on yearly events and conferences that engage individuals, businesses, and organizations interested in supporting solar energy.

American Wind Energy Association

The American Wind Energy Association (AWEA™) promotes wind energy as a clean source of electricity for consumers around the world. AWEA™ is a national trade association representing wind power project developers, equipment suppliers, services providers, parts manufacturers, utilities, researchers, and others involved in the wind industry.

Business Council for Sustainable Energy

The Business Council for Sustainable Energy was created in 1992 by business leaders from the energy efficiency, renewable energy, natural gas, and independent power industries and is committed to economic growth through sustainable energy development. The Council advocates for fact-based energy policy decisions at the local, federal, and international levels.

Biomass Energy Research Association

The Biomass Energy Research Association is a non-profit association of biofuel researchers, companies, and advocates that promotes education and research on biomass energy and waste-to-energy systems. The association collaborates informational exchanges and the application of research in commercial settings.

Electric Power Research Institute

The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) was established in 1973 as an independent, non-profit center for energy research in the public interest and in support of environmental goals. EPRI brings together utility stakeholders, the Institute's scientists and engineers, and other leading experts to work collaboratively on solutions to the challenges of electric power generation and transmission.

Geothermal Energy Association

The Geothermal Energy Association is a trade association composed of U.S. companies who support the expanded use of geothermal energy and are developing geothermal resources worldwide for electrical power generation and direct-heat uses.

Geothermal Resources Council

The Geothermal Resources Council (GRC) is non-profit educational association that encourages worldwide research and development on geothermal energy sources. It provides continuing professional development and information transfer for its members and also gives out annual GRC Awards.

Edison Electric Institute

The Edison Electric Institute (EEI) is an association of U.S. shareholder-owned electric companies. Organized in 1933, EEI advocates for equitable policies in its member's interests in the legislative and regulatory arenas. EEI provides authoritative analysis, critical industry data, public policy leadership, and conference networking to its members, government agencies, the financial community, and other relevant audiences.

Low Impact Hydropower Institute

The Low Impact Hydropower Institute (LIHI) is a non-profit organization dedicated to reducing the impacts of hydropower generation through market incentives, primarily the certification of environmentally responsible, "low impact" hydropower.

National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC)

The National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC) is a non-profit organization of member agencies that regulate the activities of telecommunications, energy, and water utilities, Founded in 1889, NARUC's mission is "to serve the public interest by improving the quality and effectiveness of public utility regulation." NARUC provides expedited job education for utility commissioners, conferences and research resources, and coordinated policy advocacy. Its members include the governmental agencies that are engaged in the regulation of utilities and carriers in all fifty States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

National Hydropower Association

The National Hydropower Association (NHA), founded in 1983, is a member-driven non-profit trade association dedicated to advancing the interests of clean, affordable hydropower energy in North America. The NHA accomplishes its outreach and policy work through the initiatives of its standing committees and hosts a national conference in D.C. every year.

National Biodiesel Board

The National Biodiesel Board (NBB) is the national trade association representing the biodiesel industry. Biodiesel is a domestic, renewable fuel for diesel engines derived from natural oils like soybean oil, recycled cooking oil, and agricultural oils, which meets the specifications of ASTM D 6751. The Board promotes biodiesel industry growth through educational outreach, policy advocacy, and quality assurance programs.

National Wind Coordinating Collaborative

The National Wind Coordinating Collaborative (NWCC) is a multi-stakeholder forum that catalyzes dialogue and research on pressing issues related to wind energy markets. The Collaborative is comprised of representatives from the utility, wind industry, environmental, consumer, regulatory, power marketer, agricultural, tribal, economic development, and state and federal government sectors. Its work currently focuses on wind-wildlife interactions, and previous focuses include credit trading, siting difficulties, and distributed generation.

Smart Electric Power Alliance

The Smart Electric Power Alliance (SEPA) is a non-profit organization that seeks to create a "smart, robust, and responsive grid," through grid modernization projects combined with increased distributed generation solutions. Formed in 1992 as the Utility Photovoltaic Group, SEPA has over 200 utility, electric service provider, manufacturer, installer, government, and research members. The Alliance runs informational workshops, disseminates research, and maintains a database of solar market information for utility industry members.

Solar Energy Industry Association

The Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA) is a national trade association of solar energy manufacturers, dealers, distributors, contractors, installers, architects, consultants, and marketers. The Association works to expand the use of cost-competitive solar technologies, remove market barriers, and educate the public.

Utility Variable-Generation Integration Group

The Utility Variable-Generation Integration Group (previously the Utility Wind Integration Group (UWIG)) is a leading forum for disseminating research and critical analysis on the integration of wind and solar technologies into utility applications. Established in 1989, the group provides unique industry insights and collaborates with the U.S. Department of Energy, systems operators, manufacturers, and other stakeholders to accelerate the integration of variable generation technologies.

Women of Renewable Industries and Sustainable Energy

Women of Renewable Industries and Sustainable Energy (WRISE) is a chapter-based nonprofit that seeks to promote the professional advancement of women in renewable energy industries. Originally known as Women of Wind Energy (WoWE), the organization has expanded to other sectors and now has a mission to be a force for positive change in the renewable arena, through the actions of women.

Other Government Sites

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is the nation's primary laboratory for creative renewable energy and energy efficiency research and development (R&D) that advances the U.S. Department of Energy's goals. Among many other helpful resources, NREL has assembled a Renewable Energy Contracts Library which includes examples of contracts, forms, and permits required during the renewable energy development cycle, in order to facilitate project development. NREL also implements technology transfer partnerships to reduce private sector risk as companies adopt new technologies.

U.S. DOE Energy Information Administration

The U.S. Department of Energy Information Administration (EIA) collects and disseminates data on energy reserves, production, consumption, distribution, prices, technology, and related international, economic, and financial matters. Monthly and yearly data can be analyzed at the state or national level on the U.S. EIA website.

U.S. EPA Clean Energy Programs

EPA's Clean Energy Programs work with state policy makers, electric and gas utilities, energy customers, and other key stakeholders to identify, design, and implement clean energy policy and technology solutions that deliver important environmental and economic benefits. The program produces factsheets, a Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator, and the eGRID database, which provides comprehensive data on the environmental characteristics of most electric power sources in the U.S.

U.S. EPA Climate Change Indicators in the United States

EPA's Climate Change Indicators in the United States is a compilation of a key set of indicators related to the causes and effects of climate change. Indicators represents the state or trend of certain environmental or societal conditions over a given area and a specified period of time.

U.S. EPA Combined Heat and Power Partnership

The CHP Partnership is a voluntary program seeking to reduce the environmental impact of power generation by promoting the use of cogeneration. CHP systems can achieve efficiencies of over 80%, compared to 50% for conventional technologies, which yields important environmental gains. The Partnership works closely with energy users, the CHP industry, state and local governments, and other clean energy stakeholders to facilitate the development of new projects and to promote their environmental and economic benefits.

U.S. EPA Energy Star®

ENERGY STAR is a joint program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy helping consumers, homeowners, and businesses save money and protect the environment through certified energy efficient products and practices. The website also provides tools like the Energy Star PortfolioManager to help citizens track the energy and water use of any building (commercial or residential) and identify strategies to save energy.

U.S. EPA Landfill Methane Outreach Program

The U.S. EPA's Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP) is a voluntary assistance and partnership program that promotes the recovery and beneficial use of landfill gas, in order to reduce or avoid methane emissions from landfills. The program connects over 1,000 waste officials and industry stakeholders to share technical resources and best practices.

U.S. Federal Energy Management Program Guide to Buying Energy Products

Federal buyers are now required by Executive Order 13221 to purchase products with low standby power, and are also required by the Energy Policy Act of 2005 to purchase products that are ENERGY STAR®-qualified or FEMP-designated by the Guide to Buying Energy Products. (These products are in the upper 25% of energy efficiency in their class.) The FEMP guide helps federal purchasers identify these types of highly efficient products and helps manufacturers market these products.

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Green Power Partnership Related Programs & Organizations | US EPA

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The Center for Resource Solutions (CRS) is dedicated to promoting renewable energy and economic and environmental sustainability. CRS administers programs to protect the environment through the design of sustainable energy strategies and technologies, and certifies green power products through the nationally-recognized Green-e™ Renewable Electricity Certification Program.

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charity: water is a non-profit organization bringing clean, safe drinking water to people in developing countries.

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An overwhelming majority of scientists agree - global warming is happening and human activity is the primary cause. Yet several prominent global warming skeptic organizations are actively working to sow doubt about the facts of global warming.

These organizations play a key role in the fossil fuel industry's "disinformation playbook," a strategy designed to confuse the public about global warming and delay action on climate change. Why? Because the fossil fuel industry wants to sell more coal, oil, and gas - even though the science clearly shows that the resulting carbon emissions threaten our planet.

Who are these groups? And what is the evidence linking them to the fossil fuel industry?

Here's a quick primer on several prominent global warming skeptic organizations, including examples of their disinformation efforts and funding sources from the fossil fuel industry. Many have received large donations from foundations established, and supported, by the fossil fuel billionaire Koch brothers.

American Enterprise Institute

The American Enterprise Institute (AEI) has routinely tried to undermine the credibility of climate science, despite at times affirming that the "weight of the evidence" justifies "prudent action" on climate change. [1]

For years, AEI played a role in propagating misinformation about a manufactured controversy over emails stolen from climate scientists [2], with one AEI research fellow even claiming, "There was no consensus about the extent and causes of global warming." [3] A resident scholar at AEI went so far as to state that the profession of climate scientist "threatens to overtake all" on the list of "most distrusted occupations." [4]

AEI received $3,615,000 from ExxonMobil from 1998-2012 [5], and more than $1 million in funding from Koch foundations from 2004-2011. [6]

Americans for Prosperity

Americans for Prosperity (AFP) frequently provides a platform for climate contrarian statements, such as "How much information refutes carbon dioxide-caused global warming? Let me count the ways." [7]

While claiming to be a grassroots organization, AFP has bolstered its list of "activists" by hosting "$1.84 Gas" events, where consumers who receive discounts on gasoline are asked to provide their name and email address on a "petition" form. [8] These events are billed as raising awareness about "failing energy policies" and high gasoline prices, but consumers are not told about AFP's ties to oil interests, namely Koch Industries.

AFP has its origins in a group founded in 1984 by fossil fuel billionaires Charles and David Koch [9], and the latter Koch still serves on AFP Foundation's board of directors [10]. Richard Fink, executive vice president of Koch Industries, also serves as a director for both AFP and AFP Foundation. [11]

Koch foundations donated $3,609,281 to AFP Foundation from 2007-2011. [12]

American Legislative Exchange Council

The American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) maintains that "global climate change is inevitable" [13] and since the 1990s has pushed various forms of model legislation aimed at obstructing policies intended to reduce global warming emissions.

ALEC purports to "support the use of sound science to guide policy," but routinely provides a one-sided platform for climate contrarians. State legislators attending one ALEC meeting were offered a workshop touting a report by a fossil fuel-funded group that declared "like love, carbon dioxide's many splendors are seemingly endless." [14, 15] Another ALEC meeting featured a Fox News contributor who has claimed on the air that carbon dioxide "literally cannot cause global warming." [16, 17]

ALEC received more than $1.6 million from ExxonMobil from 1998-2012 [18], and more than $850,000 from Koch foundations from 1997-2011. [19]

Beacon Hill Institute at Suffolk University

From its position as the research arm of the Department of Economics at Suffolk University, the Beacon Hill Institute (BHI) has published misleading analyses of clean energy and climate change policies in more than three dozen states.

These economic analyses are at times accompanied by a dose of climate contrarianism. For example, BHI Director David Tuerck has claimed that "the very question of whether the climate is warming is in doubt..." [20] Claims such as "wind power actually increases pollution" can be found in many of BHI's reports.

BHI has publicly acknowledged its Koch funding [21], which likely includes at least some of the approximately $725,000 the Charles G. Koch foundation contributed to Suffolk University from 2008-2011. [22]

Cato Institute

Cato acknowledges that "Global warming is indeed real..." But when it comes to the causes of global warming, Cato has sent mixed messages over the years. Cato's website, for instance, reports that "... human activity has been a contributor [to global warming] since 1975." [23] Yet, on the same topic of whether human activity is responsible for global warming, Cato's vice president has written: "We don't know." [24]

Patrick Michaels, Director of Cato's Center for the Study of Science, has referred to the latest Draft National Climate Assessment Report as "the stuff of fantasy." [25] The most recent edition of Cato's "Handbook for Policymakers" advises that Congress should "pass no legislation restricting emissions of carbon dioxide." [26]

Charles Koch co-founded Cato in 1977. Both Charles and David Koch were among the four "shareholders" who "owned" Cato until 2011 [27], and the latter Koch remains a member of Cato's Board of Directors. [28] Koch foundations contributed more than $5 million to Cato from 1997-2011. [29]

Competitive Enterprise Institute

The Competitive Enterprise Institute has at times acknowledged that "Global warming is a reality." [30] But CEI has also routinely disputed that global warming is a problem, contending that "There is no 'scientific consensus' that global warming will cause damaging climate change." [31]

These kinds of claims are nothing new for CEI. Back in 1991, CEI was claiming that "The greatest challenge we face is not warming, but cooling." [32] More recently, CEI produced an ad calling for higher levels of carbon dioxide. [33] One CEI scholar even publicly compared a prominent climate scientist to convicted child molester Jerry Sandusky. [34]

CEI received around $2 million in funding from ExxonMobil from 1995-2005 [35], though ExxonMobil made a public break with CEI in 2007 after coming under scrutiny from UCS and other groups for its funding of climate contrarian organizations. CEI has also received funding from Koch foundations, dating back to the 1980s. [36]

Heartland Institute

While claiming to stand up for "sound science," the Heartland Institute has routinely spread misinformation about climate science, including deliberate attacks on climate scientists. [37]

Popular outcry forced the Heartland Institute to pull down a controversial billboard that compared supporters of global warming facts to Unabomber Ted Kaczynski [38], bringing an early end to a planned campaign first announced in an essay by Heartland President Joseph Bast, which claimed "... the most prominent advocates of global warming aren't scientists. They are murderers, tyrants, and madmen." [39]

Heartland even once marked Earth Day by mailing out 100,000 free copies of a book claiming that "climate science has been corrupted" [40] - despite acknowledging that "...all major scientific organizations of the world have taken the official position that humankind is causing global warming."

Heartland received more than $675,000 from ExxonMobil from 1997-2006 [41]. Heartland also raked in millions from the Koch-funded organization Donors Trust through 2011. [42, 43]

Heritage Foundation

While maintaining that "Science should be used as one tool to guide climate policy," the Heritage Foundation often uses rhetoric such as "far from settled" to sow doubt about climate science. [44, 45, 46, 47] One Heritage report even claimed that "The only consensus over the threat of climate change that seems to exist these days is that there is no consensus." [48]

Vocal climate contrarians, meanwhile, are described as "the world's best scientists when it comes to the climate change study" in the words of one Heritage policy analyst. [49]

Heritage received more than $4.5 million from Koch foundations from 1997-2011. [50] ExxonMobil contributed $780,000 to the Heritage Foundation from 2001-2012. ExxonMobil continues to provide annual contributions to the Heritage Foundation, despite making a public pledge in 2007 to stop funding climate contrarian groups. [51, 52]

Institute for Energy Research

The term "alarmism" is defined by Mirriam-Webster as "the often unwarranted exciting of fears or warning of danger." So when Robert Bradley, CEO and founder of the Institute for Energy Research (IER), and others at his organization routinely evoke the term "climate alarmism" they do so to sow doubt about the urgency of global warming.

IER claims that public policy "should be based on objective science, not emotion or improbable scenarios ..." But IER also claims that the sense of urgency for climate action is due not to the science that shows the real and growing conequences of global warming. Rather, IER suggests that researchers "exacerbate the sense [that] policies are urgently needed" for monetary gain, noting that "issues that are perceived to be an imminent crisis can mean more funding." [53]

IER has received funding from both ExxonMobil [54] and the Koch brothers [55].

Manhattan Institute for Policy Research

The Manhattan Institute has acknowledged that the "scientific consensus is that the planet is warming," while at the same time maintaining that "... accounts of climate change convey a sense of certitude that is probably unjustified." [56]

"The science is not settled, not by a long shot," Robert Bryce, a Manhattan Institute senior fellow has written in the Wall Street Journal [57]. At other times Bryce has expressed indifference to the science on climate change. "I don't know who's right. And I really don't care," he wrote in one book. [58]

The Manhattan Institute has received $635,000 from ExxonMobil since 1998 [59], with annual contributions continuing as of 2012, and nearly $2 million from Koch foundations from 1997-2011. [60]

Sources and References

1 American Enterprise Institute. 2009. Climate Change Email Scandal Underscores Myth of Pure Science.
2 Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS), 2011. Debunking Misinformation About Stolen Climate Emails in the "Climategate" Manufactured Controversy.
3 American Enterprise Institute. 2011. Climategate (Part II)
4 American Enterprise Institute. 2010. How Climate-Change Fanatics Corrupted Science.
5 ExxonSecrets.org. 2012. Factsheet: American Enterprise Institute, AEI.
6 UCS. 2013. Unreliable Sources: How the News Media Help the Koch Brothers and ExxonMobil Spread Climate Disinformation.
7 Americans for Prosperity. 2013. AFP GA Activists Fire Major Shot Against Obama's 'War on Consumer Energy' Agenda.
8 PR Watch. 2012. Koch's AFP Complains about Gas Prices, but Koch Speculation Helps Fuel High Prices at the Pump.
9 Koch Industries. 2010. Koch and Americans for Prosperity/Citizens for a Sound Economy.
10 Americans for Prosperity Foundation. About AFP Foundation: Directors.
11 Americans for Prosperity. About AFP: Directors.
12 Investigative Reporting Workshop. 2013. Koch database: donations to nonprofits.
13 American Legislative Exchange Council. 2011. ALEC Energy Principles.
14 The Cap Times. 2011. Brendan Fischer: CO2 is good for you, and other ALEC talking points.
15 Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change. 2011. The Many Benefits of Atmospheric CO2 Enrichment.
16 PR Watch. 2013. A Side of Climate Change Denial with Your Coffee? ALEC Dishes up Some Hard to Swallow Spin with the Heartland Institute.
17 Climate Progress. 2012. WeatherBELL Chief Forecaster Joe Bastardi Denies Basic Physics: 'CO2 Cannot Cause Global Warming'
18 ExxonSecrets.org. 2012. Factsheet: ALEC - American Legislative Exchange Council.
19 Greenpeace. 2011. Koch Industries Climate Denial Front Group. American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC).
20 Carolina Journal Online. 2008. Friday Interview: Global Warming Policy Costs.
21 Washington Post. 2012. Climate skeptic group works to reverse renewable energy mandates.
22 Greenpeace. 2013. Koch Brother Fronts Flood into Kansas to Attack Wind Industry.
23 Cato Institute. Global Warming.
24 Cato Institute. 2005. Hot Enough for You? The state of the global-warming debate, and politicking.
25 Cato Institute. 2013. Federal Climatologists Pen Fantasy Novel.
26 Cato Institute. 2009. Cato Handbook for Policymakers.
27 Cato Institute. 2012. Cato Institute and Shareholders Reach Agreement in Principle.
28 Cato Institute. 2012. Cato Institute and Shareholders Reach Agreement in Principle.
29 Greenpeace. 2011. Koch Industries Climate Denial Front Group: Cato Institute.
30 Competitive Enterprise Institute. 2009. 10 Cool Global Warming Policies.
31 Competitive Enterprise Institute. Global Warming FAQ.
32 Competitive Enterprise Institute. 1991. Why Worry About Global Warming.
33 UCS. 2009. New Disinformation Ads Argue for More Carbon Dioxide.
34 UCS. 2013. Timeline: Legal Harassment of Climate Scientist Michael Mann.
35 UCS. 2013. Fossil Fuel Industry Funders of Climate Contrarian Groups, 2001-2011.
36 Greenpeace. Koch Industries Climate Denial Front Group: Competitive Enterprise Institute.
37 UCS. 2012. Scientists Who Had Emails Stolen Ask Heartland Institute to End Attack on Climate Science.
38 UCS. 2012. Who's the Crazy One Here?
39 Heartland Institute. 2012. Do You Still Believe in Global Warming?' Billboards Hit Chicago.
40 Heartland Institute. 2013. Heartland Institute Celebrates Earth Day with Release of New Book.
41 ExxonSecrets.org. Factsheet: Heartland Institute.
42 The Guardian. 2013. How Donors Trust distributed millions to anti-climate groups.
43 The Center for Public Integrity. 2013. Donors use charity to push free-market policies in states.
44 Heritage Foundation. 2013. Climate Change: The Cost of "Bold Action"
45 Heritage Foundation. 2013. With Climate Change Science Unsettled, a Carbon Tax is Even More Useless.
46 Heritage Foundation. 2009. Sen. Inhofe Discusses Climategate, "The Greatest Scandal in Modern Science"
47 Heritage Foundation. 2013. 10 Questions for DOE Nominee Ernest Moniz.
48 Heritage Foundation. 2010. How the "Scientific Consensus" on Global Warming Affects American Business-and Consumers.
49 Heritage Foundation. 2009. Global Warming Conference: The Science of Climate Change
50 Greenpeace. 2011. Koch Industries Climate Denial Front Group: The Heritage Foundation.
51 ExxonSecrets.org. 2012. Factsheet: Heritage Foundation.
52 UCS. 2012. ExxonMobil Corporation.
53 Institute for Energy Research. Climate Change Overview.
54 ExxonSecrets.org. Factsheet: Institute for Energy Research.
55 Investigative Reporting Workshop. 2013. Koch database: donations to nonprofits.
56 Manhattan Institute. 2007. Realities and Uncertainties of Global Warming.
57 Media Matters. 2011. Who Is Robert Bryce?
58 Media Matters. 2011. Who Is Robert Bryce?
59 ExxonSecrets.org. 2012. Factsheet: Manhattan Institute for Public Policy Research.
60 Greenpeace. 2011. Koch Industries Climate Denial Front Group: The Manhattan Institute for Policy Research.

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Global Warming Skeptic Organizations (2013)

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An overwhelming majority of scientists agree - global warming is happening and human activity is the primary cause. Yet several prominent global warming skeptic organizations are actively working to sow doubt about the facts of global warming.

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The core purpose of the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) global-change research program is to develop scientific information that supports policy makers, stakeholders, and society at large as they respond to climate change and associated impacts on human health, ecosystems, and socioeconomic systems. EPA's research is driven by the Agency's mission and statutory requirements, and includes: (1) improving scientific understanding of global change effects on air quality, water quality, ecosystems, and human health in the context of other stressors; (2) assessing and defining adaptation options to effectively prepare for and respond to global change risks, increase resilience of human and natural systems, and promote their sustainability; and (3) developing an understanding of the potential environmental and human health impacts of greenhouse gas emissions reduction technologies and approaches to inform mitigation solutions. EPA Program Offices and Regions leverage this research to support mitigation and adaptation decisions and to inform communication with external stakeholders and the public.

EPA relies on USGCRP to develop high-quality scientific models, data, and assessments to advance understanding about physical, chemical, and biological changes to the global environment and their relation to drivers of global climate change. Satellite and other observational efforts conducted by USGCRP agencies are crucial to supporting EPA's efforts to understand how land-use change, population change, climate change, and other global changes are affecting ecosystems, and the services they provide. EPA's global-change research applies and extends these results using regional and local air quality, hydrology, and sea-level rise models to better understand the impacts of climate change to specific human health and ecosystem endpoints in ways that enable local, regional, and national decision makers to develop and implement strategies to protect human health and the environment. In turn, EPA's research provides USGCRP agencies with information and understanding about the connections between global change and impacts at local, regional, and national scales, as well as how mitigation and adaptation actions may influence global changes.

EPA's research informs approaches to prepare for, adapt to, and minimize the impacts of climate change, including extreme weather events, wildfire, and rising sea levels, and their impacts on human health and well-being and social and economic systems. Other EPA program activities include the development and application of economic and biophysical models to generate projections of potential future greenhouse gas emissions trajectories and mitigation scenarios. EPA also applies long-term datasets and analytical tools to communicate observed climate change indicators and conduct economic and risk modeling to examine and project analyze impacts and economic damages associated with global mitigation scenarios. EPA collaborates with other agencies and numerous stakeholders to develop the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks, which is submitted to the United Nations in accordance with the Framework Convention on Climate Change. Lastly, EPA efforts include technical evaluation of biogenic emissions fluxes associated with biomass use for energy.

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The core purpose of the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) global-change research program is to develop scientific information that supports policy makers, stakeholders, and society at large as they respond to climate change and associated impacts on human health, ecosystems, and socioeconomic systems. EPA's research is driven by the Agency's mission

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Greenpeace will never stop fighting for a greener, healthier world for our oceans, forests, food, climate, and democracy-no matter what forces stand in our way.

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Projects Added Monthly

Zoom in to see all the locations where The Last Well is providing the Gospel and clean water.

Our Work

Over the past 10 years, The Last Well has faced the water crisis in Liberia head-on, reaching over 2 MILLION Liberians with water and the Gospel through over 8,000 safe-drinking water projects.

For us to achieve our goal of reaching the entire nation of Liberia with water and the Gospel by 2020, we need to reach less than one million Liberians in approximately 4,000 Communities.

Historically, there has never been a developing country that has had access to safe-drinking water for every citizen. There has never been a country where water borne illness has been eradicated. We're here to change that.
The map above shows the exact locations of each of our 8,000+ water projects to date. The map is updated monthly so you can check back often to see how things are progressing.
As you're looking at the projects on the map, ask yourself, "How many Liberian lives do I want to transform with the Gospel and clean water?" You can start changing lives today when you give through our secure site.

Whether it's praying, volunteering, committing to monthly support or a one-time gift, we hope you'll join us as we make history.

Less than 1 million Liberians left to reach in 4,000 Communities by 2020.

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Zoom in to see all the locations where The Last Well is providing the Gospel and clean water. Over the past 10 years, The Last Well has faced the water crisis in Liberia head-on, reaching over 2 MILLION Liberians with water and the Gospel through over 8,000 safe-drinking water projects.

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Data and research on social and welfare issues including families and children, gender equality, GINI coefficient, well-being, poverty reduction, human capital and inequality., Inequality is a multi-dimensional challenge, it goes beyond income and it affects the well-being of our people.

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Learn more about the ASPCA’s work to rescue animals from abuse, pass humane laws and share resources with shelters nationwide. Join our fight today!

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We're in a climate emergency and the oil, gas, and coal industry is to blame.

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Equality Now - We use the law to change the world. Join us.

WHAT WE DO

At Equality Now, we believe in creating a just world for women and girls. Since 1992, our international network of lawyers, activists and supporters have tackled the most difficult issues, challenged ingrained cultural assumptions and called out inequality wherever we see it.

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In 2022 we made 30 expert submissions to the UN and regional bodies advocating for law and policy reform

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In 2022 we worked in tandem with 147 partners and worked across 34 countries.

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Almost 55% of the discriminatory laws we've highlighted since 1999 have been fully or partially reformed

Implementing Survivor-led FGM Law in Washington State
By Mel Bailey, Communications Officer N. America, Equality Now In the United States over 513,000 women and girls are living with or at risk of undergoing female genital mutilation (FGM). This figure is expected to be even higher ...

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Where Regional Meets Global: Equality Now Staff from Latin America Reflect on CSW68
>> Leer en español Meet Sandra Ramírez and Sofía Quiroga. One is an international human rights lawyer based in Colombia with experience representing survivors of violence against ...

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Bringing Gender Equality to the World Stage: Equality Now at CSW68
The sixty-eighth session of the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW68), the largest annual meeting on gender equality hosted by the United Nations in New York, concluded on Friday, March 22, with ...

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Our Resource Center

Explore in-depth resources on women's rights issues, including sexual violence, sexual exploitation, harmful practices, and legal discrimination from our expert network of lawyers and activists.

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Equality Now - We use the law to change the world. Join us.

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At Equality Now, we believe in creating a just world for women and girls through the law.

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Alternative Fuels Data Center: Compressed Natural Gas Fueling Stations

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Unlike gasoline or diesel stations, compressed natural gas (CNG) stations are not "one size fits all." Building a CNG station for a retail application or a fleet requires calculating the right combination of pressure and storage needed for the types of vehicles being fueled.

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Together, we are taking action to #fightinequality.

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Global Energy Network Institute - GENI - Global Electricity Grid - Linking Renewable Energy Resources Around the World

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Global Energy Network Institute focuses on linking renewable energy resources around the world using cooperative international electricity transmission grids. GENI renewable energy research helps link resource interconnections globally,current world issues,global issues

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Climate change and freshwater ecosystems: impacts across multiple levels of organization | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

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One of the key challenges facing freshwater ecologists is to develop a suite of tools for detecting the impacts of climate change in complex natural systems that can be applied across multiple spatio-temporal scales and levels of organization.

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Poaching is a popular topic of environmental ethics and has been deemed illegal for hundreds of years. This activity is considered one of the greatest threats to some of the world's most endangered species. So why does poaching still occur?

Poaching is a lucrative business and many consumers continue to support the purchase of products from poached wildlife. If you were rewarded without consequence for foul behavior, would you want to stop? Some countries have enacted a shoot-to-kill poachers policy, though let's consider: do two wrongs make a right?

Certainly, new solutions are necessary in order to prevent extinction within the next few years of many valued species. Fortunately, there are groups working to protect wildlife by not only addressing the issue directly, but also by educating public audiences on how they might be contributing to the persistence of poaching.

1. The International Anti-Poaching Foundation

As its name suggests, the IAPF is a non-profit organization dedicated to forming effective strategies to prevent poaching. Founded in 2009, IAPF engages with communities and encourages research and development for new technologies in managing wildlife biodiversity.

2. World Wildlife Fund

The WWF, a fundraising organization for the global conservation movement, was founded in 1961 and is committed to finding solutions to end wildlife crime. This organizations works to influence government policies and regulations, as well as to educate and encourage people to make conscientious decisions. See here how the World Wildlife Fund puts poaching into perspective!

3. Wildlife Conservation Society

WCS is known for their success in contributing to the recovery of American Bison populations in the Western Plains in 1907. Their efforts have helped to protect and manage over 200 million acres of land across the globe. The organization's mission and goals are to protect wildlife and their habitats through scientific research, conservation efforts, and education to inspire appreciation of nature.

4. Chengeta Wildlife

This organization supports and funds training for groups in Africa to protect wildlife from poachers, especially endangered elephants. The team teaches skills for tactical tracking, while patrolling and documenting wildlife areas to keep wildlife safe from poachers.

5. The WILD Foundation

Established in the early 1960's, WILD was initiated through its founder, Ian Player's obsession with saving the white rhino from extinction. WILD continues to take urgent action against poaching of white rhinos and other African mammals. The foundation collaborates with other animal protection/anti-poaching organizations such as the Reserve Protection Agency, the International Anti-Poaching Foundation, Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, and CAT in Water.

6. The Humane Society of the United States

The Humane Society is involved in terminating crimes against wildlife! The society educates and encourages people to take action through their campaigns and news updates.

7. Sea Shepherd Conservation Society

Sea Shepherd is not kidding around in their fight against sea poachers (If you don't believe me, check out their page on becoming a crew member!). Sea Shepherd is unique in that its efforts are aimed at keeping marine life such as whales, dolphins, sea turtles, sea birds, fish, seals, and others safe from poachers. This non-profit was initiated in 1977 to use direct-action tactics to expose illegal behavior in international oceans and defend ocean diversity.

8. Ol Pejeta Conservancy

East Africa's largest Black Rhino sanctuary, Ol Pejeta is a non-profit organization that generates funds for wildlife conservancy through tourism and supports community outreach programs. The conservancy began as a large cattle ranch, but as wildlife populations decided to move in and get cozy at Ol Pejeta, the conservancy innovated ways to accommodate wildlife with their livestock. Rangers are now enlisting dogs to aid in reinforcing the conservancy's defense system against poachers.

9. Born Free USA & The Born Free Foundation

Founded in 1984 by actors of the movie Born Free, the organization strives to protect wildlife and keep them in their natural habitats. Born Free emphasizes the significance of the lives of every individual being. They provide services to wildlife through rescue missions and care, conservation and education, campaigning, and programs and projects.

10. Community Markets for Conservation

Who knew poachers could become protectors?! The skills and tactics of many African poachers are passed down from father to son to make profits to support their families. COMACO, developed by the WCS, has a mission to train poachers to become wildlife protectors by promising illegal hunters a better life. Over 600 people have joined the team of reformed poachers. Wildlife are saved and hunters become peacemakers; it's a win-win situation!

The organizations listed are only a few of the many organizations working to end the war on wildlife. You too can contribute to anti-poaching efforts! Read ten ways you can make a difference in the lives of wildlife by clicking on this link!
Lead image source: Nicolas Perrault/Wikimedia Commons

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10 Groups Working to Protect Animals Targeted by Poachers

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Poaching is a popular topic of environmental ethics and has been deemed illegal for hundreds of years. This activity is considered one of the greatest threats to some of the world's most endangered species. So why does poaching still occur? Poaching is a lucrative business and many consumers continue to support the purchase of products from poached wildlife.

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Since the creation of the Millennium Development Goals there have been historic achievements in reducing child mortality, improving maternal health and tackling HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other diseases. In 15 years, the number of people newly infected by HIV each year has dropped from 3.1 million to 2 million and over 6.2 million lives were saved from malaria. Since 1990, maternal mortality fell by 45 percent, and worldwide there has been an over 50 percent decline in preventable child deaths globally.

Despite this incredible progress, AIDS is the leading cause of death among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa, and 22 million people living with HIV are not accessing life-saving antiretroviral therapy. New HIV infections continue to rise in some locations and in populations that are typically excluded or marginalised.

Chronic and catastrophic disease remains one of the main factors that push households from poverty into deprivation. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) impose a large burden on human health worldwide. Currently, 63% of all deaths worldwide stem from NCDs - chiefly cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes. The cumulative economic losses to low- and middle-income countries from the four diseases are estimated to surpass US$ 7 trillion by 2025. Additionally, there continues to be underinvestment in the social circumstances and environmental factors affecting health. The job on HIV and health is far from done.

Recognizing the interdependence of health and development, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide an ambitious, comprehensive plan of action for people, planet and prosperity and for ending the injustices that underpin poor health and development outcomes.

SDG 3 aspires to ensure health and well-being for all, including a bold commitment to end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other communicable diseases by 2030. It also aims to achieve universal health coverage, and provide access to safe and effective medicines and vaccines for all. Supporting research and development for vaccines is an essential part of this process as well as expanding access to affordable medicines.

Promoting health and well-being is one of 17 Global Goals that make up the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. An integrated approach is crucial for progress across the multiple goals.
Learn more about the targets for Goal 3.

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Since the creation of the Millennium Development Goals there have been historic achievements in reducing child mortality, improving maternal health and tackling HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other diseases. In 15 years, the number of people newly infected by HIV each year has dropped from 3.1 million to 2 million and over 6.2 million lives were saved from malaria.

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Definition of National Institutes of Health (NIH)

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Read medical definition of National Institutes of Health (NIH)

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This report was prepared for activists and foundations who want to understand how battery storage can become an essential new part of their clean energy and climate advocacy. It tries to answer two basic questions: (1) What do we need to know to understand these opportunities? and (2) What actions should we support to realize them?

This report explores the top 10 emerging trends for battery storage across all elements of the energy system, and it recommends over 50 actions that should be taken to accelerate battery storage in these topic areas.
Read it here

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Clean Energy Group - Innovation in Finance, Technology, & Policy

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This report was prepared for activists and foundations who want to understand how battery storage can become an essential new part of their clean energy and climate advocacy. It tries to answer two basic questions: (1) What do we need to know to understand these opportunities?

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Reduce Inequalities | A Charity Organization

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Inequalities can be referred in terms of economic or social sciences. Economic inequality (or "wealth and income differences") comprises all disparities in the distribution of economic assets and income. The term typically refers to inequality among individuals and groups within a society.

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It is critical we protect THE natural world.

The ecosystems that balance our climate and make life on Earth possible are under extreme threat. Without sufficient action, we are destined to take millions of species to extinction.

There has never been a more critical issue in the history of human civilization than the immediate protection of the natural world.

Our vision is the protection of the natural world.
With big global environmental challenges, we need big solutions. Taking on some of the largest biodiversity conservation projects on the continent, the IAPF delivers ecological stability and long-term protection of large-scale wilderness landscapes by supporting and empowering local communities.

We:
Connect: through scalable, innovative landscape conservation

Protect: through sustainable community empowerment programs

Restore: through effective leadership, research, & partnerships

Protecting nature at scale is one of the greatest ways to mitigate climate change and future pandemics. Join us today by taking back the future through community-based nature conservation.

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Founded in 2009, International Anti-Poaching Foundation (IAPF) has transformed the traditional adversarial approach to conversation into an innovative, empowering, and gender-diverse model to protect wildlife and habitats. They connect, protect and restore conservation landscapes, working together with local communities, governments and NGOs, through their Akashinga conservation model, featuring all-female teams of wildlife rangers in Africa.

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Renewable energy financing requirements to meet SDG 7 are estimated at $442-650 billion per year until 2030 compared to $263 billion in 2016. Energy efficiency requirements are estimated at $560 billion against $231 billion in 2016. The requirements for universal electrification are estimated at $52 billion per year to 2030, half of which is covered by planned investments.

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charity: water | Help Bring Clean and Safe Water and Sanitation to Communities

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charity: water is a global nonprofit organization on a mission to end the water crisis by bringing clean and safe water and sanitation programs to communities in need.

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EKOenergy is a non-profit, international ecolabel for energy. We label renewable energy and fund solar projects in the developing world.

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Your online portal to data, analysis, and commentary on income and wealth inequality.

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Read the basic technology of bioenergy from industry experts.

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We clean water for kids. | Splash is a social justice organization committed to the poor, an international development agency disciplined around urban economies, a social enterprise dedicated to putting ourselves out of business, and a safe water company focused on children. Put this odd combination together and exciting things are happening.

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The Renewable Energy Association (REA) represents renewable energy producers and promotes the use of all forms of renewable energy in the UK.

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Decades of destructive fishing practices have torn apart the ocean's web of life, leaving many aquatic species severely depleted, some on the brink of extinction. Scientists estimate that the world's large ocean fish, including tuna and swordfish, have declined by up to 90 percent from preindustrial levels.

NRDC works to end overfishing, rebuild depleted fisheries, and promote the long-term sustainability of fisheries through firm catch limits based on scientific evidence. Thanks in part to our advocacy and litigation, the United States became the first nation in the world to set science-based catch limits for all of its managed species. And in a 2013 report, we demonstrated that two-thirds of federally managed fish species with rebuilding plans have successfully recovered or made significant progress. Now we are working to ensure that catch limits and rebuilding plans are enforced, and we are defending the law from industry attacks in Congress.

Even as fishing practices are on their way to becoming more sustainable, many species struggle in the face of habitat degradation. From Atlantic underwater canyons to local rivers, we are working to protect and revive ecosystems. Our litigators and advocates helped restore water flows to California's San Joaquin River and bring back wild salmon to the region. A healthier river system could soon support a vibrant salmon population-and a commercial fishery.

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Decades of destructive fishing practices have torn apart the ocean's web of life, leaving many aquatic species severely depleted, some on the brink of extinction. Scientists estimate that the world's large ocean fish, including tuna and swordfish, have declined by up to 90 percent from preindustrial levels.

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The first commercial nuclear power stations started operation in the 1950s.

Nuclear energy now provides about 10% of the world's electricity from about 450 power reactors.

Nuclear is the world's second largest source of low-carbon power (29% of the total in 2017).

Over 50 countries utilise nuclear energy in about 225 research reactors. In addition to research, these reactors are used for the production of medical and industrial isotopes, as well as for training.

Nuclear technology uses the energy released by splitting the atoms of certain elements. It was first developed in the 1940s, and during the Second World War research initially focused on producing bombs. In the 1950s attention turned to the peaceful use of nuclear fission, controlling it for power generation. For more information, see page on History of Nuclear Energy.

Civil nuclear power can now boast more than 17,000 reactor years of experience, and nuclear power plants are operational in 30 countries worldwide. In fact, through regional transmission grids, many more countries depend in part on nuclear-generated power; Italy and Denmark, for example, get almost 10% of their electricity from imported nuclear power.
Number of Operable Reactors Worldwide
Around 10% of the world's electricity is generated by about 450 nuclear power reactors. About 50 more reactors are under construction, equivalent to about 15% of existing capacity.

In 2018 nuclear plants supplied 2563 TWh of electricity, up from 2503 TWh in 2017. This is the sixth consecutive year that global nuclear generation has risen, with output 217 TWh higher than in 2012.
Nuclear Electricity Production World Electricity Production by Source 2017
Twelve countries in 2018 produced at least one-quarter of their electricity from nuclear. France gets around three-quarters of its electricity from nuclear energy; Hungary, Slovakia and Ukraine get more than half from nuclear, whilst Belgium, Sweden, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Switzerland, Finland and Czech Republic get one-third or more. South Korea normally gets more than 30% of its electricity from nuclear, while in the USA, UK, Spain, Romania and Russia about one-fifth of electricity is from nuclear. Japan is used to relying on nuclear power for more than one-quarter of its electricity and is expected to return to somewhere near that level.
Nuclear Generation by Country 2018
Need for new generating capacity

There is a clear need for new generating capacity around the world, both to replace old fossil fuel units, especially coal-fired ones, which emit a lot of carbon dioxide, and to meet increased demand for electricity in many countries. In 2017, 65% of electricity was generated from the burning of fossil fuels. Despite the strong support for, and growth in, intermittent renewable electricity sources in recent years, the fossil fuel contribution to power generation has remained virtually unchanged in the last 10 years or so (66.5% in 2005).

The OECD International Energy Agency publishes annual scenarios related to energy. In its World Energy Outlook 2018 there is an ambitious 'Sustainable Development Scenario' which is consistent with the provision of clean and reliable energy and a reduction of air pollution, among other aims. In this decarbonisation scenario, electricity generation from nuclear increases by almost 90% by 2040 to 4960 TWh, and capacity grows to 678 GWe. The World Nuclear Association has put forward a more ambitious scenario than this - the Harmony programme proposes the addition of 1000 GWe of new nuclear capacity by 2050, to provide 25% of electricity then (about 10,000 TWh) from 1250 GWe of capacity (after allowing for 150 GWe retirements). This would require adding 25 GWe per year from 2021, escalating to 33 GWe per year, which is not much different from the 31 GWe added in 1984, or the overall record of 201 GWe in the 1980s. Providing one-quarter of the world's electricity through nuclear would substantially reduce carbon dioxide emissions and have a very positive effect on air quality.

World overview

All parts of the world are involved in nuclear power development, and some examples are outlined below.

For up-to-date data on operable, under construction and planned reactors worldwide, see table of World Nuclear Power Reactors & Uranium Requirements.

For detailed country-level information, see the Country Profiles section of World Nuclear Association's Information Library.

North America

Canada has 19 operable nuclear reactors, with a combined net capacity of 13.5 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 15% of the country's electricity.

All but one of the country's 19 nuclear reactors are sited in Ontario. Ten of those units - six at Bruce and four at Darlington - are to undergo refurbishment. The programme will extend the operating lifetimes by 30-35 years. Similar refurbishment work enabled Ontario to phase out coal in 2014, achieving one of the cleanest electricity mixes in the world.

Mexico has two operable nuclear reactors, with a combined net capacity of 1.6 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 5% of the country's electricity.

The USA has 97 operable nuclear reactors, with a combined net capacity of 99 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 19% of the country's electricity.

There had been four AP1000 reactors under construction, but two of these have been halted. One of the reasons for the hiatus in new build in the USA to date has been the extremely successful evolution in maintenance strategies. Over the last 15 years, improved operational performance has increased utilisation of US nuclear power plants, with the increased output equivalent to 19 new 1000 MWe plants being built.

2016 saw the first new nuclear power reactor enter operation in the country for 20 years. Despite this, the number of operable reactors has reduced in recent years, from a peak of 104 in 2012. Early closures have been brought on by a combination of factors including cheap natural gas, market liberalization, over-subsidy of renewable sources, and political campaigning.

South America

Argentina has three reactors, with a combined net capacity of 1.7 GWe. In 2018, the country generated 5% of its electricity from nuclear.

Brazil has two reactors, with a combined net capacity of 1.9 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 3% of the country's electricity.

West & Central Europe

Belgium has seven operable nuclear reactors, with a combined net capacity of 5.9 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 39% of the country's electricity.

Finland has four operable nuclear reactors, with a combined net capacity of 2.8 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 33% of the country's electricity. A fifth reactor - a 1720 MWe EPR - is under construction, and there are plans to build a Russian VVER-1200 unit at a new site (Hanhikivi).

France has 58 operable nuclear reactors, with a combined net capacity of 63.1 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 72% of the country's electricity.

A 2015 energy policy had aimed to reduce the country's share of nuclear generation to 50% by 2025. This target has now been postoponed to 2035. The country's energy minister said that the target was not realistic, and that it would increase the country's carbon dioxide emissions, endanger security of supply and put jobs at risk.

One reactor is currently under construction in France - a 1750 MWe EPR at Flamanville.

In Germany, seven nuclear power reactors continue to operate, with a combined net capacity of 9.4 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 12% of the country's electricity.

Germany is phasing out nuclear generation by about 2022 as part of its Energiewende policy. Energiewende, widely identified as the most ambitious national climate change mitigation policy, has yet to deliver a meaningful reduction in carbon dioxide (CO ₂) emissions. In 2011, the year after the policy was introduced, Germany emitted 731 Mt CO ₂ from fuel combustion; in 2015, the country emitted 730 Mt CO ₂, and remained the world's sixth-biggest emitter of CO ₂. The German government expects to miss its target of a 40% reduction in emissions relative to 1990 levels by a wide margin.

The Netherlands has a single operable nuclear reactor, with a net capacity of 0.5 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 3% of the country's electricity.

Spain has seven operable nuclear reactors, with a combined net capacity of 7.1 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 20% of the country's electricity.

Sweden has eight operable nuclear reactors, with a combined net capacity of 8.4 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 40% of the country's electricity.

The country is closing down some older reactors, but has invested heavily in operating lifetime extensions and uprates.

Switzerland has five operable nuclear reactors, with a combined net capacity of 3.3 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 38% of the country's electricity.

The UK has 15 operable nuclear reactors, with a combined net capacity of 8.9 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 18% of the country's electricity.

A UK government energy paper in mid-2006 endorsed the replacement of the country's ageing fleet of nuclear reactors with new nuclear build. Construction has commenced on the first of a new-generation plants.

Central and East Europe, Russia

Armenia has a single nuclear power reactor with a net capacity of 0.4 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 26% of the country's electricity.

Belarus has its first nuclear power plant under construction, and plans to have the first of two Russian reactors operating by 2019. At present almost all of the country's electricity is produced from natural gas.

Bulgaria has two operable nuclear reactors, with a combined net capacity of 1.9 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 35% of the country's electricity.

The Czech Republic has six operable nuclear reactors, with a combined net capacity of 3.9 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 35% of the country's electricity.

Hungary has four operable nuclear reactors, with a combined net capacity of 1.9 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 51% of the country's electricity.

Romania has two operable nuclear reactors, with a combined net capacity of 1.3 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 17% of the country's electricity.

Russia has 36 operable nuclear reactors, with a combined net capacity of 29.0 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 18% of the country's electricity.

A government decree in 2016 specified construction of 11 nuclear power reactors by 2030, in addition to those already under construction. At the start of 2019, Russia had six reactors under construction, with a combined capacity of 4.9 GWe.

The strength of Russia's nuclear industry is reflected in its dominance of export markets for new reactors. The country's national nuclear industry is currently involved in new reactor projects in Belarus, China, Hungary, India, Iran and Turkey, and to varying degrees as an investor in Algeria, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Indonesia, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Nigeria, South Africa, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan among others.

Slovakia has four operable nuclear reactors, with a combined net capacity of 1.8 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 55% of the country's electricity. A further two units are under construction, with the first unit due to enter commercial operation before the end of the decade.

Slovenia has a single operable nuclear reactor with a net capacity of 0.7 GWe. In 2018, Slovenia generated 36% its electricity from nuclear.

Ukraine has 15 operable nuclear reactors, with a combined net capacity of 13.1 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 53% of the country's electricity.

Turkey commenced construction of its first nuclear power plant in April 2018, with start of operation expected in 2023.

Asia

Bangladesh started construction on the first of two planned Russian VVER-1200 reactors in 2017. Construction on the second started in 2018. It plans to have the first unit in operation by 2023. The country currently produces virtually all of its electricity from fossil fuels.

China has 47 operable nuclear reactors, with a combined net capacity of 45.7 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 4% of the country's electricity.

The country continues to dominate the market for new nuclear build. At the start of 2019, 13 of the 57 reactors under construction globally were in China. In 2018 China became the first country to commission two new designs - the AP1000 and the EPR. China is commencing export marketing of the Hualong One, a largely indigenous reactor design.

The strong impetus for developing new nuclear power in China comes from the need to improve urban air quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The government's stated long-term target, as outlined in its Energy Development Strategy Action Plan 2014-2020 is for 58 GWe capacity by 2020, with 30 GWe more under construction.

India has 22 operable nuclear reactors, with a combined net capacity of 6.2 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 3% of the country's electricity.

The Indian government is committed to growing its nuclear power capacity as part of its massive infrastructure development programme. The government in 2010 set an ambitious target to have 14.6 GWe nuclear capacity online by 2024. At the start of 2019 seven reactors were under construction in India, with a combined capacity of 5.4 GWe.

Japan has 33 operable nuclear reactors, with a combined net capacity of 31.7 GWe. At the start of 2019, only nine reactors had been brought back online, with a further 17 in the process of restart approval, following the Fukushima accident in 2011. In the past, 30% of the country's electricity has come from nuclear; in 2018, the figure was just 6%.

South Korea has 24 operable nuclear reactors, with a combined net capacity of 23.0 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 24% of the country's electricity.

South Korea has four new reactors under construction domestically as well as four in the United Arab Emirates. It plans for two more, after which energy policy is uncertain. It is also involved in intense research on future reactor designs.

Pakistan has five operable nuclear reactors, with a combined net capacity of 1.4 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 7% of the country's electricity. Pakistan has two Chinese Hualong One units under construction.

Africa

South Africa has two operable nuclear reactors, with a combined net capacity of 1.8 GWe, and is the only African country currently producing electricity from nuclear. In 2018, nuclear generated 5% of the country's electricity. South Africa remains committed to plans for further capacity, but financing constraints are significant.

Middle East

Iran has a single operable nuclear reactor with a net capacity of 0.9 GWe. In 2018, nuclear generated 2% of the country's electricity.

The United Arab Emirates is building four 1450 MWe South Korean reactors, and is collaborating closely with the International Atomic Energy Agency and experienced international firms.

Emerging nuclear energy countries

As outlined above, Bangladesh, Belarus, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates are all constructing their first nuclear power plants. A number of other countries are moving towards use of nuclear energy for power production. For more information, see page on Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.

Improved performance from existing reactors

The performance of nuclear reactors has improved substantially over time. Over the last 40 years the proportion of reactors reaching high capacity factors has increased significantly. For example, 62% of reactors achieved a capacity factor higher than 80% in 2018, compared to 28% in 1978, whereas only 7% of reactors had a capacity factor lower than 50% in 2018, compared to 20% in 1978.
Long-term Trends in Capacity Factors
It is also notable that there is no significant age-related trend in the mean capacity factor for reactors over the last five years.
Mean Capacity Factor 2014-2018 by Age of Reactor
Other nuclear reactors

In addition to commercial nuclear power plants, there are about 225 research reactors operating in over 50 countries, with more under construction. As well as being used for research and training, many of these reactors produce medical and industrial isotopes.

The use of reactors for marine propulsion is mostly confined to the major navies where it has played an important role for five decades, providing power for submarines and large surface vessels. At least 140 ships, mostly submarines, are propelled by some 180 nuclear reactors and over 13,000 reactor years of experience have been gained with marine reactors. Russia and the USA have decommissioned many of their nuclear submarines from the Cold War era.

Russia also operates a fleet of four large nuclear-powered icebreakers and has three more under construction. It is also completing a floating nuclear power plant with two 40 MWe reactors adapted from those powering icebreakers for use in remote regions.

For more information see page on The Many Uses of Nuclear Technology.

Notes & references

References

1. OECD International Energy Agency World Energy Outlook 2018 [ Back]
2. OECD International Energy Agency Statistics [ Back]

General references

World Nuclear Association, World Nuclear Performance Report 2019

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Nuclear Power Today | Nuclear Energy - World Nuclear Association

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There are about 450 commercial nuclear power reactors operable in 31 countries, with over 380,000 MWe of total capacity. About 60 more reactors are under construction. They provide 11% of the world's electricity as continuous, reliable base-load power, without carbon dioxide emissions.

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Better health for everyone, everywhere

We are building a better, healthier future for people all over the world.

Working with 194 Member States, across six regions, and from more than 150 offices, WHO staff are united in a shared commitment to achieve better health for everyone, everywhere.

Together we strive to combat diseases - communicable diseases like influenza and HIV, and noncommunicable diseases like cancer and heart disease.

We help mothers and children survive and thrive so they can look forward to a healthy old age. We ensure the safety of the air people breathe, the food they eat, the water they drink - and the medicines and vaccines they need.

What we do

Our primary role is to direct and coordinate international health within the United Nations system.

Our main areas of work are health systems; health through the life-course; noncommunicable and communicable diseases; preparedness, surveillance and response; and corporate services.

Who we work with

Our core function is to direct and coordinate international health work through collaboration.

WHO partners with countries, the United Nations system, international organisations, civil society, foundations, academia, and research institutions.

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Better health for everyone, everywhere We are building a better, healthier future for people all over the world. Working with 194 Member States, across six regions, and from more than 150 offices, WHO staff are united in a shared commitment to achieve better health for everyone, everywhere.

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SEIA | Solar Energy Industries Association

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Since 1974, SEIA has been the voice of solar energy in the United States. We work with our member companies to promote pro-solar policies and advocate for the growth of solar nationwide.

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overfishing organazations

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Solar Training - Solar Installer Training - Solar PV Installation Training - Solar Energy Courses - Renewable Energy Education - NABCEP - Solar Energy International (SEI)

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Solar Training, Solar PV Training, Solar Installer Training, Solar Energy International

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Solar training for PV installers and NABCEP Certification, Solar Energy International (SEI) is the most respected education provider in the solar industry.

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international bank for reconstruction and development (ibrd)

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World Bank Group - International Development, Poverty, & Sustainability

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With 189 member countries, the World Bank Group is a unique global partnership fighting poverty worldwide through sustainable solutions.