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Slavery began in 1620 after the first Europeans went to America by ship. they needed workers for their farms therefore ship owners began bringing back black people from Africa cheaply and then they were sold as slaves. by 1865 there were over 4 million Africans slaves in the US.

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Many people in the south did not want Slavery to end. but many people in the North hated slavery. Therefore it didn't end until the year 1865. In 1807, President Thomas Jefferson tried to end slavery when he passed a new law. The use of slave-ships to America became illegal. But that didn't stop the ship owners.

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The different opinions on slavery became a big problem in the US. The south wanted to leave the US and start their own government. The north therefore tried stopping them. The North and the South had a war that started in 1861 and lasted 4 years. More than 600,000 Americans died. After the North won President Abraham Lincoln ended slavery.

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The Jim Crow laws segregated blacks from whites. Blacks had to live in the black part of town. They couldn't go to the white people's restaurants, hotels, churches, or schools. In 1896 the US passed a law that accepted segregation in all the states. Americans with dark skin had to sit in the back of the city buses and give their seats to white passengers when they wanted them they couldn't drink the same water and they had to use different entrances.

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Martin Luther King Jr. was one of America's greatest leaders. His birthday is a national day and he became famous in the 1960s.

Around the 1900s South Americans suffered terribly under white men's laws. King wanted equal rights for black citizens he wanted black and whites to live together peacefully, "All men are equal" he said, but in the U.S they weren't.

King wanted to change people's hearts and minds. Therefore he led thousands of his black "brothers and sisters" in peaceful protests against the government. His peaceful fight for equality brought him pain and suffering but he had a dream for a better world for all people. African-Americans and all Americans have a better life today because of Martin Luther King Jr.

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Martin Luther King, Jr. was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia in the American South. His birth name is Michael like his father's but in 1934 after a trip to Germany the father changed their names to Martin.

In school, King loved sports, language, and reading books. The teachers moved him up a grade twice because he was very smart. He missed grades 9 and 11, and finished high school at the age of fifteen.

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King did not want to become a Preacher like his father so, at fifteen King began studying at Morehouse College. The president of the college, Dr. Benjamin Mays, changed King's mind about becoming a preacher. Therefore at seventeen King decided to become a preacher.

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On February King became a Preacher. King began working on Sundays in the Ebenezer Church. After he finished his college papirs, he returned to the south. In his first job, at the Dexter Avenue Baptist church in Montgomery, Alabama, King preached to the city's black citizens. There were 50,000 blacks and 90,000 whites in the city. Most blacks were very poor with low paid jobs.

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On September 4, 1958. It surprised the readers of Time story. Since King Jr. had on september 3, tried getting into a court room to speak Abernathy. A guard told king "Boy if you don't get away from here, you will need a lawyer!" Two policemen took king to jail. King was told to pay 10 dollars or go to jail. But in court The Chief of Police paid the 10 dollars because he understod that King's arrests were good for his campaign.

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The student organization SNCC wanted King to march with them and sit down at the lunch bar in Rish's at that point in time King was busy. The students kept asking him and finally King agreed. On October 19, 1960, the police arrested King with thirty-five students at Rich's lunch bar, They refused to bail and were sent to prison. The judge sent the thirty-five students home but sent King to 4 months in prison. They took him to Reidsville State prison for the worst criminals.

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The front page of the newspapirs reported on King's move to Reidsville. Coretta (King's wife) phoned King's lawyer . After the lawyer made a few calls, John F. Kennedy phoned Coretta. He offered to help. JFK was a famous politican. He campaigned for the job of president of the US. JFK spoke with the judge and King was freed on October 27 on a 2000 dollar bail.

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King met Coretta Scott in 1952. She was from Alabama, and like King she loved the north. She was studying at a famous music school. He told her the first time they went out together that she was Beautiful and an intelligent singer and she'd be King's perfect wife. After they were married King wanted Coretta to stay home. She became his secretary. And they moved back to the south.

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June 18, 1953: King marries Coretta Scott
January 1954: They move to Montgomery, Alabama
November 17, 1955: Daughter Yolanda is born
October 23, 1957: Son Martin Luther King III is born
January 1961 Son Dexter is born
March 28, 1963 Daughter Bernice is born

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The KKK also known as the Ku Klux Klan, started in 1865, it was an organization of white men. They wanted "White rule for America". The KKK attacked black people at night and bombed and burned blacks houses and churches. they killed blacks and burned crosses in people's yards.

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Was born im 1817 and died in 1862, he was a famous American writer from Concord, Massachusetts. In 1949 Thoreau bravely refused to pay money on his earnings to the US government. He disagreed with the US war with Mexico, and he did not want his money to pay for it. Thoreau wrote after being in prison for one night, this: "There are some laws that are not right. Honest men must change them. Sometimes it is right for honest men to break the law. If a government does not stop the use of slaves, honest men must use peaceful protest against their government.

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Gandhi Is a famous Indian, he told his people to love their enemies. King learned to lov thy enemy and fight violence with peace. Gandhi was born in Indian and studied law in England. In 1919 he started his first peaceful protest against British rule in India. Then he led a boycott of British cloth and was sent to prison. As a freedom fighter, he spent 2,338 days in prison. As a result of his peaceful protests, India won its freedom in 1947. Then on January 30, 1948 Gandhi was murdered.

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When segregation in schools became illegal in 1954 African-Americans had new hope for the future. But segregationists in South did not want for the US government to change their lives. On September 4, 1957, nine black students tried to go to a white high school in Little Rock, Arkansas. They were stopped. President Einsenhower had to stop breaking of the laws. He sent 1000 soldiers under their protection. But that did not stop other segregationists. In 1962 George Wallace became state leader of Alabama. He promised to continue segregation in state colleges.

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On December 10, 1964, at the age of 35, King, Jr won a noble peace prize in Oslo, Norway. He was the youngest winner in history. After King Jr received the noble prize he was Atlanta's most famous person.

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Was a leader of the African-American organization called "The Nation of Islam". He told blacks to fight for their own state. They were African and did not have to live with whites. He told blacks to defend themselves with guns against the enemy. When Malcolm X left the Nation of Islam in 1964 the organization hated him. On February 21, 1965 three nation of Islam men shot and killed him in Manhatten.

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Was the new leader of the SNCC in 1966. He was called "the new Malcolm X" Carmichael started working for the SNCC in 1961 as a Freedom rider. He spoke with clear, strong words. "Black is beautiful". He told blacks "If you want freedom, you will have to take it from the whites!". King did not agree with him, but more and more blacks were against King's peaceful protests.

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On the stormy evening of April 3, 1968 in Memphis Tennessee. King gave his last speech.

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King was shot at a hotel's parking lot, he was taken to the hospital but died at 7.01 P.M. on april 4, 1968. afterwards there were riots in 110 cities and 39 people were killed. On april 8, Abernathy and Coretta and her three older children led a silent march through Memphis. On April 9, Abernathy spoke to 800 people inside Ebenezer Church. They were there to sat goodbye to King. About 80.000 people stood outside. One hundred and twenty million Americans watched on TV. The FBI found the killer's gun and James Earl Ray (The murderer) Was arrested on June 8 in London's Heathrow Airport.

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On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr. stood in front of more than 250,000 protest marchers in Washington, D.C. and gave one of his most famous speeches in U.S history.

"I have a dream today...
One day little black boys and little black girls will be able to join hands with white little boys and white little girls as sisters and brothers."

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I Have a Dream speech by Martin Luther King .Jr HD (subtitled)

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The year 1957 ended with the KKK shooting buses and burning crosses. On January 10, 1957, Abernathy's house and church were bombed. Other churches were bombed as well. On May 11, King's brother A.D. phoned King. A.D.'s house and a hotel in Birmingham were bombed the night before. The KKK thought King was in the hotel. but they were wrong. King was home in Atlanta for Mother's Day. Eighteen days after King gave his "I have a dream" Speech, three KKK members bombed the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham. Four young school girls were killed.

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A book and a film about black woman's rights in the 1960's. And how they were treated.

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The Help (2011) - Official Movie Trailer [HD]

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Dr. Mays had organized a big, expensive dinner to celebrate That King Jr. won the noble peace prize 1.500 people were participating. The KKK planned to bomb the hotel, but the police stopped them.

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In 1965, America was at war with Asia. The US was helping South Vietnam in a war against North Vietnam. America sent a lot of soldiers and by June 1966 there were US 125.000 soldiers in Vietnam. King stated his opinion that the war in Vietnam must stop.

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African Americans were getting angry because their lives were getting worse and not better. Therefore from 11-16, 1965, Americas worst riot destroyed most of Watts. It was started by a group of young black men. Thirty-four blacks were killed, 900 were hurt and 3,500 arrested.