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Post #1 Title: Assignment 1, Red Flags of Pseudoscience

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Post #1 Title: Assignment 1, Red Flags of Pseudoscience

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Made by Anna Mirmina, working individually

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Post #2, Red Flag: The appeal to authority

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Post #2, Red Flag: The appeal to authority

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Definition
The use of an authoritative figure, ex. a doctor, scientist or celebrity, to  make a product seem credible.

Connection
This photo connects to appeal to authority because it uses a popular celebrity to endorse it's product. People who like this celebrity are automatically interested in this product. They also think that a celebrity wouldn't lend their name to a product if it in fact did not work. People need to remember that these are paid endorsements.

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Definition
Products or ideas based on ancient beings, knowledge or practices.

Connection
The following video connects to ancient wisdom because it is a group of Native American people doing a rain dance. A rain dance is a dance that is historically performed by Native American's to summon rain. Applying critical thinking to this belief one would concur that doing a dance does not cause rain.

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Definition
Refers to how people notice things that agree with their beliefs and not the things that clash with their beliefs.

Connection
The following video connects to Confirmation Bias because it is debunking the method psychics use called cold reading. It is showing how psychics will ask many general questions until someone connects with something they say. The person immediately forgets about the 10 false things they have said and attaches onto the 1 valid thing. They do this so that they can get the connection that they went there searching for. If they went there with a more skeptical mind they may not be so quick to agree and give out information about themselves.

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Psychic Methods Exposed - Cold Reading Tricks (Part 1)

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Definition
Support of a theory that is based on morals, culture, politics or religious beliefs.

Connection
I chose this image to Ideological Support because it is a representation of various religions. People who believe in different religions believe in many things without questioning it. They hold these values and stories to be true, when in fact, there is no scientific proof. They are often biased and believe things blindly because it is “the word of God

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Definition
Refers to when large amounts of needless information is given to make something appear to be well researched and the truth.

Connection
This image connects to Proof by Verbosity because often companies will promote their supplements saying they will do so many things for your body. They will list the many benefits of the product but won’t have any hard facts or scientific proof. A reader will see all the possible benefits and it will be too overwhelming to argue every single thing. Therefore they mistake it for the truth.

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Post #7, Reason for Belief: Patternicity

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Post #7, Reason for Belief: Patternicity

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Definition:
Patternicity is when people see patterns and it leads them to believe in something.

Connection
The image below connects to Patternicity because it is a piece of burnt toast that people believe is a message from God. The burnt marks in the toast is said to resemble that of Jesus. Believers believe that this is a sign but anyone who applied critical thinking would know that this pattern is meaningless.

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Definition
Often if something does not have a scientific explanation then people will believe it to be true because there is no identified cause.

Connection
This image connects to unexplained because it pertains to Aliens. There is a lot that is unknown about our universe and outer space. There are many reported UFO or Alien sightings that have no scientific evidence to disprove them.

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Post #9, Reason For Belief: Emotional Connection 

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Post #9, Reason For Belief: Emotional Connection 

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Definition
Our emotions often make us act and do things that we would not normally. Often if things connect us on an emotional level its easier to believe in them.
Connection
This photo connects with emotional connection because often people will believe the things that psychics say when they are grieving a loved one. The psychic will pass on messages from the deceased and their emotions cause them to not think skeptically.

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I chose to evaluate the exert on Gloria Copeland in the CNN article/video:
Inoculate yourself with the word of God: How religion can limit medical treatment.

Define Problem
Should we get the flu vaccine to prevent getting the flu?

Gather Information
This article and video is by CNN. In it Gloria Copeland is arguing that we do not need the flu vaccine because Jesus is all the protection we need from the flu.

Evaluate Evidence
Gloria Copeland is a Christian Minister. She specializes in teaching principles in bible faith, prayer, salvation and other biblical topics. She has no medical background nor does she ever state any medical evidence proving that having faith decreases your chance of getting the flu. In fact, she made these claims during one of the worst flu seasons in recent years that took the lives of dozens of children.

Recognize Assumptions, Emotions, Biases
As a devote Christian Gloria is biased to believe whatever the good book tells her without question. She also is acting on emotions because she loves God. God cannot be explained by science and therefore she doesn't believe in the science of the flu vaccine. She states herself "We've already had our shot: He bore our sicknesses and carried our diseases,", she believes everything the bible says even though there is disease and sickness throughout the world.

Synthesize Evidence, Identify Alternatives
Alternative solution 1: You do not need the flu vaccine to avoid getting the flu, you only need your faith in God because Jesus himself is the only protection you need.
Alternative solution 2: The flu shot is your best defence against flu as supported by many doctors, scientists and health Canada.

Select Best Alternative
It is my belief that the flu vaccination is the best way to prevent catching the flu.

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'Inoculate yourself with the word of God': How religion can limit medical treatment | CNN

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Evangelical Christian Gloria Copeland, who proclaimed "Jesus himself gave us the flu shot," is not the first to call for a rejection of conventional medical treatment.