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https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZkSFNzv-p_nPg2CulhOX8q3YxJ8ihoex/view?usp=drivesdk

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sofea , 09dep21f1028

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Nurul Atiqah Najwa
09DEP21F1047

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MUHAMMAD HAZIQ 09DEP21F1094

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akmalhakim (f1003)

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Aydin 09DEP21F1100

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nur arina 09dep21f1045

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MUHAMMAD RAZIN UKAIL F1057

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MUHD RAZIQWAN - 09DEP21F1015

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MUHD RAZIQWAN - 09DEP21F1015

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Yasmine F2010

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Yasmine F2010

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farah 09dep21f1042

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ATTENUATORS

Subject : MICROWAVE

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Terminator

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FIRDAUS AIMAN BIN MOHD FAUZI

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Haziq Afnan

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Syafiqsha

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Nur Ain Binti Zainal

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Izwan rashid f1001

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Muhammad haziq bin suhaimi
09DEP21F1050

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Muhammad haziq bin suhaimi
09DEP21F1050

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Muhammad haziq bin suhaimi
09DEP21F1050

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HARITH ASYRAAF (F1065)

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F1017

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Rus Manul Hakim Bin Suaedi (09DEP21F1083)

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FLEXIBLE WAVEGUIDE
(DIA BOLEH DILENTURKAN)

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One microwave component is the magnetron.

The magnetron is a vacuum tube that generates and amplifies microwave signals. It consists of a heated cathode, an anode, and a series of resonant cavities.

The magnetron's design and construction ensure that the generated microwaves have a specific wavelength (around 12.2 centimeters) that is suitable for heating food.

The magnetron is a crucial component of a microwave oven as it converts electrical energy into microwave energy, which is then absorbed by water molecules in the food, causing them to vibrate and generate heat. This heat is what cooks or heats the food placed inside the microwave oven.

~ainkassim

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Coaxial Line

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COAXIAL LINE

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Nabil Arami

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coaxial line

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~Haziq afnan

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A waveguide with a circular cross-section is called as Circular Waveguide. It supports both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. TE11 is the dominant mode in a circular waveguide i.e., a signal in this mode propagates with the minimum degradation.

The circular waveguide is easier to manufacture than rectangular waveguides and is relatively easy to install. It is usually used to connect a horn antenna with a reflector in tracking radars and for long-distance waveguide transmission above 10 GHz.

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As the larger “sibling” of the isolator, the circulator is a three-port device used to control the direction of signal flow (RF energy) in a circuit. Note that an isolator is a circulator with its third port terminated.The most common application is where a transmitter and receiver share an antenna, and the higher-power transit signal must not reach the sensitive receiver input as it would overload and possibly damage it. (The general term for this function is a duplexer.) Ideally, the transmit signal energy output would go only to the antenna port and not be “seen” by the receiver. (Note that there are other ways to implement the duplexer function, including using a more-expensive cavity duplexer.)

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Metal pipe waveguides are often used to guide electromagnetic waves. The most common waveguides have rectangular cross-sections and so are well suited for the exploration of electrodynamic fields that depend on three dimensions.

~Zharif

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Varactor diode is mostly used in television and F.M receiver circuits. This diode can also be used in F.M transmitter circuits. The frequency range of varactor diode is up to 105 GHz. This type of diode changes its capacitance with the change of the bias appliede to it.

~Zharif

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A cavity duplexer is, basically, a set of very sharp notch filters. The stereotypical application for a cavity duplexer is as part of a repeater system. Repeaters tend to have a few characteristics which make cavity duplexers ideal: 1) Full-duplex operation. 2) No frequency changes.

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Allows only the desired frequency to appear at the output. Any harmonic frequencies that appear at the output are reduced to an acceptable level.

-SHVIKA-

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A rectangular waveguide with a ridge from the top and bottom wall is called a Double Ridged Waveguide. Ridged Waveguides tend to have a lower impedance and wider bandwidth in their fundamental mode when compared to regular rectangular waveguides

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The purpose of the elliptical waveguides is quite straightforward; waveguides are used for the transmission of RF energy,and combine the advantages of different cable types, optimizing the electrical and mechanical performance at higher frequencies.

-SHVIKA-

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A microstrip is a type of transmission line that consists of a conductor fabricated on dielectric substrate with a grounded plane. It is easily miniaturized and integrated with microwave devices making it a popular choice of transmission line.

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The slotted line is one of the basic instruments used in radio frequency test and measurement at microwave frequencies. It consists of a precision transmission line, usually co-axial but waveguide implementations are also used, with a movable insulated probe inserted into a longitudinal slot cut into the line.

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Coaxial cable, or coax is a type of electrical cable consisting of an inner conductor surrounded by a concentric conducting shield, with the two separated by a dielectric; many coaxial cables also have a protective outer sheath or jacket.

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In electronics, a mixer, or frequency mixer, is an electrical circuit that creates new frequencies from two signals applied to it. In its most common application, two signals are applied to a mixer, and it produces new signals at the sum and difference of the original frequencies. Other frequency components may also be produced in a practical frequency mixer.

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-Used to select or measure resonant cavity frequencies by having a plunger move in and out of the cavity thus causes cavity to resonate at different frequencies.

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H-Bend waveguides are manufactured from brass, copper, aluminum or coin silver. Waveguides have significant advantages over coaxial transmission in power handling, insertion loss and signal integrity

F2020

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The waveguide's launcher, a brief portion with magnetron attachment terminals, is used. This approach is most frequently employed in industrial devices and systems, where the working chamber is supplied directly with microwave radiation from the magnetron. The material is aluminium. Everything is laser welded, and after that, everything is glassed.

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An attenuator is an electronic device that reduces the power of a signal without appreciably distorting its waveform. An attenuator is effectively the opposite of an amplifier, though the two work by different methods. While an amplifier provides gain, an attenuator provides loss, or gain less than 1.

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-Brass or copper material.
-Small metal combine together.
-Flexible waveguide is often use to connect Antenna system especially when they may not to be fixed to the based transmitter receiver system.

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-passive device that divided and distributes power
-couples part of the transmission power by a known amount out through another port
-uses two transmission lines set close enough together such that energy passing through one is coupled to the other

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A rectangular waveguide is a hollow metallic tube with a rectangular cross section. The conducting walls of the waveguide confine the electromagnetic fields and thereby guide the electromagnetic wave. The rectangular waveguide is basically characterized by its dimensions .for example,length a and breadth b.
-Mode TE 10

ain natasya

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A gradual twist in the waveguide is used to turn the polarisation of the waveguide and hence the waveform. In order to prevent undue distortion on the waveform a 90° twist should be undertaken over a distance greater than two wavelengths of the frequency in use.

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-A rectangular waveguide with a ridge from the top and bottom wall is called a Double Ridged Waveguide. Ridged Waveguides tend to have a lower impedance and wider bandwidth in their fundamental mode when compared to regular rectangular waveguides.
-Double ridge waveguides have a much smaller gap region between the e-field ground planes, making them much easier to bridge with smaller, more reliable, and faster actuators. In some cases even microelectromechanical (MEMS) switch technologies may be used to create relatively compact and fast waveguide switches.