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The 9/11 was a plane in which crashed into the twin towers in America. Thousands lost there lives within this disaster and it was known worldwide and shown worldwide by news companies as it was such a major incident.
Luke

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an aeroplane, that was highjacked and flew into the world trade centre, and killed 2,977 people (thesun.com, 6th September 2018).  Happened in New York.  sophie 

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an aeroplane, that was highjacked and flew into the world trade centre, and killed 2,977 people (thesun.com, 6th September 2018).  Happened in New York.  sophie 

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hurricane Irma was an extremely powerful cape Verde hurricane that caused widespread destruction across its path. 

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hurricane Irma was an extremely powerful cape Verde hurricane that caused widespread destruction across its path. 

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Danielle

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On 29th of June 2015, The investigation into the Tunisia beach attack has become one of the largest counter terrorism (BBC 2015, 29th June). Elham

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On 29th of June 2015, The investigation into the Tunisia beach attack has become one of the largest counter terrorism (BBC 2015, 29th June). Elham

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This disease was popular in 2014, it killed people by eliminating cells and making some of them explode. This didn’t really affect Europe it was mainly west Africa. As it states on (U.S News.2020) “The 2014 to 2016 epidemic began in Guinea and moved to Sierra Leone and Liberia. There also was an outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2018/2019” It affected many different areas in the long run.
Beth.G

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Bilal Ali
This known as a ebola virus disease or Ebola   hemorrhagic fever (EHF), is a viral hemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses(health organisationN.d)

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began on 14th april 2010, and spread eruption and an ash cloud across europe causing closure from 15 until 20th april 2010 (bbb news,2020). 

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began on 14th april 2010, and spread eruption and an ash cloud across europe causing closure from 15 until 20th april 2010 (bbb news,2020). 

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Thousands of vacationers were thwarted by the volcanic ash cloud, according to tour operators, who scrambled to accommodate both those that were stranded abroad and those who couldn’t get to their destination. (Click on the map to see how the ash cloud affected aviation.) (travel weekly. 2020 Northstar Travel Media) gracie

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SARS and travel are intricately interlinked. Travelers belonged to those primarily affected in the early stages of the outbreak, travelers became vectors of the disease, and finally, travel and tourism themselves became the victims. The outbreak of SARS created international anxiety because of its novelty, its ease of transmission in certain settings, and the speed of its spread through jet travel (travel Medicine and infectious disease 2005 Apr 13; Revised 2005 Apr 26; Accepted 2005 Apr 27.)

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Bilal
The 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull were volcanic events at Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland which, although relatively small for volcanic eruptions, caused enormous disruption to air travel across western and northern Europe over an initial period of six days in April 2010(BBC news)

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This disaster hit Sri Lanka on the 26th of december 2004.

As it states on (earth observatory.2020) “On December 26, 2004, tsunamis swept across the Indian ocean, spawned by a magnitude 9.0 earthquake off the coast of Sumatra. Aside from Indonesia, the island nation of Sri Lanka likely suffered the most casualties, with the death toll reported at 21,715 on December 29th.”

Beth.G

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2017

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Florida and the Caribbean

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How tour ops responded.

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Relieved holidaymakers left stranded by the Icelandic ash cloud finally set off back to Britain today after being rescued by a luxury cruise ship.

Around 2,200 tired - and sometimes angry - people reached Bilbao to get aboard the £500 million Celebrity Eclipse and the chance of food, a bed, and entertainment.

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Sharing the full story, not just the headlines

Many had endured coach journeys of up to 16 hours overnight to get to the port and finally home after being stranded for up to seven days.

A fleet of coaches pulled up at the quayside with passengers told they could only take onboard hand luggage to minimise the time it would take to get going.

Tour operators Thomas Cook, TUI and Co-Op Travel Group gave their guests in each cabin £40 to spend on the five-star ship during the 30-hour voyage.

Many complained of chaos about plans to get them home.

Scores were told they would first be going to Calais by coach before the change of plan and the trip to Bilbao - some enduring two long legs in coaches over the last few days.

Some tour operators were criticised for not keeping holidaymakers informed but other tourists said the companies were fantastic.

Prison officer Kev Whitley, 55, from Lincoln, was supposed to return from a holiday in Fuengirola, Spain, on Sunday and described the 14-hour coach journey to the ship as "chaos" with the coach driver getting lost.

But George Brash, 48, from Liverpool, said people were "moaning for moaning's sake" and he was very happy with his treatment

The insurance underwriter was with his three children, Emily, 17, Lucy, 13, and William, eight, along with wife Helen, who is 45 today.

Retired Andrea Carlie, 59, from South Anston near Sheffield, said she and her husband David had been treated "like cattle" by tour operator Thomson after their holiday in Nerja ended and they were stranded for seven days.

"They have traipsed us about. We have not been told the correct information. We have been treated like cattle," she said.

"Thomson have taken the cheapest option and now they are trying to make a publicity stunt out of it, saying how generous they are, but I'm told they are not paying for it."

Other passengers talked of several days of hell as they tried to get home and they had to spend thousands.

Wendy McCulloch, the wife of snooker player Ian McCulloch, said her four-day holiday to Alicante turned into a seven-day nightmare that was "the worst experience of my life" after spending £2,000 on hotels and food.

Beautician Mrs McCulloch, 39, from Preston, was on holiday with her children Melissa, eight, Samuel, four, and her mother Dorothy Eccleston, 70, when their EasyJet flight was cancelled on the first day of the ash cloud.

"My husband paid £900 for a coach to Calais but I have a friend in the travel trade who said they could get us on the ship for £125 each - otherwise it was 22 hours on the coach," she explained.

"A four-day break has turned into an absolute nightmare. The Spanish people have not been helpful and they put the prices up.

"It has been the worst experience of my life. There have been tears from everyone."

Businessman Andrew Wood, 45, his wife Susan, 41 and their children Kimberley, 18, Lucy, 14 and Alex ten from Eccles, Manchester, were holidaying in Cancun, Mexico, when the ash cloud descended.

But despite being forced to fly to Spain and being seven days late, the family were happy with their treatment.

Mrs Wood said: "It's certainly been a holiday we will remember."

Before the ship docked, Celebrity Cruises warned other Britons desperate to get back home not to turn up at the port to try to get aboard because they will not be allowed.

Security in the port area was tight and there were no reports of trouble.

A ship's spokeswoman called the mission a "massive logistical operation".

Tour operators requested the voyage to get the Britons home. Celebrity Cruises responded in what was described as "an act of goodwill" and it set off on Tuesday.

Eclipse, which can carry 2,850 passengers, will get back to Southampton tomorrow and should dock at the City Cruise Terminal at around 6pm.

Those lucky enough to get a berth will be travelling back in luxury.

Apart from a real lawn measuring nearly half an acre, the ship has the usual facilities including bars, 10 restaurants, a casino, a theatre and swimming and spa pools.

Alcohol will be available but passengers will have to pay for it, the spokeswoman said. Meals and entertainment are included.

"They will be treated to as much of a regular cruise as possible," she added.

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Rescued Britons set sail on luxury cruise liner

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Relieved holidaymakers left stranded by the Icelandic ash cloud finally set off back to Britain today after being rescued by a luxury cruise ship. Around 2,200 tired - and sometimes angry - people reached Bilbao to get aboard the £500 million Celebrity Eclipse and the chance of food, a bed, and entertainment.

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Covid cover

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The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) and National Travel Health Network and Centre have up-to-date advice on staying safe and healthy abroad.

See gov.uk/travelaware and follow @FCDOtravelGovUK on Twitter and Facebook.com/FCDOtravel - for the latest general FCDO travel advice, including coronavirus travel guidance, security and local laws, and passport and visa information.

See gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice - for FCDO travel advice about individual destinations.

See Travel Aware page - for travel advice from TUI.

See travelhealthpro.org.uk - for current travel health news.

The advice can change so check regularly for updates.

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TUI Travel | COVID Cover Full T&Cs | TUI.co.uk

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The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) and National Travel Health Network and Centre have up-to-date advice on staying safe and healthy abroad. See gov.uk/travelaware and follow @FCDOtravelGovUK on Twitter and Facebook.com/FCDOtravel - for the latest general FCDO travel advice, including coronavirus travel guidance, security and local laws, and passport and visa information.

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The outcome and response

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Survivors of the 26 June 2015 terror attack in Tunisia, as well as families whose relatives died in the massacre, are suing the holiday company.

Thirty British customers of Tui, the UK's largest tour operator, were murdered at the Riu Imperial Marhaba Hotel in Sousse. The attack was the worst on British citizens since the bombings in London on 7 July 2005.

It was carried out by a lone gunman named Seifeddine Rezgui, who was eventually shot by police.

The law firm Irwin Mitchell has been instructed by the families of 22 people who died in the attack as well as more than 50 people who suffered injuries.

"Many are still suffering from psychological injuries after witnessing the horrific attack, with some having comforted family members fatally wounded," said the firm.

"The legal case centres on security at the hotel; what was known about previous attacks in Tunisia and the lack of information presented to customers both at the time of booking and when the situation may have changed regarding travel advice."

Three months earlier, 20 tourists had died in a terror attack on the country's leading cultural collection, the Bardo Museum in Tunis. At the time of the Sousse attack, the Foreign Office travel advice warned of a "high threat from terrorism" in Tunisia.

"Neither Tui's 2015 written brochure or their 2015 website informed them of the content of the FCO travel advice before they booked their holidays," said the law firm.

The victims' families also heard how Tui had played down the Bardo Museum massacre, giving call-centre staff and travel agents a two-page document containing responses intended to calm customers' concerns and avoid cancellations.

Kylie Hutchison, senior associate solicitor for Irwin Mitchell, said Tui "did not audit the adequacy of security at the hotel or take appropriate precautions to keep our clients safe from an attack".

"Nor did they inform our clients of the level of threat of terrorism which many of the holidaymakers say would have changed their mind about holidaying in Tunisia at the time."

One of the victims is Mat James, 33, from Pontypridd, who was shot multiple times while protecting his girlfriend during the attack. He said: "The horrible attack was obviously life-changing for so many people. Even now, a few years on my injuries are still affecting me.

"We can never forget what happened and I'm lucky to be alive, but hopefully by taking legal action everyone involved can get the help and support we need to aid our recoveries as much as possible."

A spokesperson for Tui UK told The Independent: "We remain truly saddened by what happened on that fateful day in Sousse in June 2015 when 30 of our customers lost their lives in a terrorist attack which started on a public beach.

"Our thoughts remain with all of those who were affected by the horrific incident.

"As this is now subject to legal proceedings it would be inappropriate to comment further at this stage except to say we will fully cooperate with the judicial process."

The Foreign Office placed Tunisia on the "no-go" list shortly after the attack, meaning UK tour operators could not offer holidays there, but relaxed the travel ban in July 2017.

The current FCO travel advice says: "The Tunisian government has improved protective security in major cities and tourist resorts.

"But terrorists are still very likely to try to carry out attacks in Tunisia, including against UK and Western interests."

Both Tui and its rival, Thomas Cook, now offer holidays in Tunisia once again.

The legal case will be held at the High Court in London.

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Families sue Tui over 2015 Sousse beach attack

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Survivors of the 26 June 2015 terror attack in Tunisia, as well as families whose relatives died in the massacre, are suing the holiday company. Thirty British customers of Tui, the UK's largest tour operator, were murdered at the Riu Imperial Marhaba Hotel in Sousse.

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Every September 11 anniversary prompts an examination of what has-or hasn't-happened in the ongoing quest to make air travel safer. And while the U.S. has spent an estimated nearly $100 billion to secure airports and airplanes since the attack, one thing is certain: more needs to be done.

Fifteen years ago, right after the attacks, a security manifesto was quickly drawn up to ensure that terrorists would never again be able to commandeer an airliner and turn it into a guided missile, as 19 hijackers succeeded in doing that day. And even before Congress had a chance to act-the law creating the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) was passed that November-airlines and airports were rushing to make the most urgent fixes: hardening cockpit doors with bulletproof material, updating no-fly lists, and closing other gaps.

While the saga of the TSA, and all its embarrassing lapses and misfires over the years, is well-documented, the fact is, as of this writing, there has been no successful terrorist attack on any U.S. airliner since September 11. (There have been some close calls, like the infamous "underwear bomber" who tried to take down a Northwest Airlines plane with his explosives-laden briefs in 2009.) Most experts agree that the odds of another hijacking are remote.

But terrorists adapt, and the threat has shifted to other, less-secure areas of the airport: check-in lobbies, checkpoint entrances, and arrivals areas, as the attacks on airports in Brussels, and Istanbul, have shown. And the downing of a Russian airliner over Egypt last year was a reminder that a bombing remains the most serious in-flight threat. In the U.S., epic waits at checkpoints this past spring caused tens of thousands of passengers to miss flights, and in the process, created long queues -a new weakness that many experts say isn't being adequately addressed.

With this in mind, it's worth looking back to see what happened to that first blueprint for how to fix airport security, and what it suggests for the future:

Protecting the aircraft

The clear success has been sealing off the cockpit; since 9/11, pilots remain locked behind impregnable doors for the duration of the flight (with obvious exceptions for restroom breaks, but flight attendants are trained to protect the cockpit during those intervals). The second step was to beef up the air marshal workforce, which had dwindled to a minuscule number of guards-fewer than 100-by 2001. That part has been less successful; the program has reportedly been plagued by low morale and high attrition, although the details of just how many are employed in this job are classified (it's estimated to be more than 5,000.) Pilots, however, have picked up some of the slack with the "Federal Flight Deck Officer" program, which permits them to carry guns with the proper training.

What's next: Double doors to fully protect the cockpit are under consideration at Airbus and Boeing

Separating the "known" travelers

A major aim of the post-9/11 overhaul was to harness better intelligence and more sophisticated pre-screening to separate the "known" travelers from those who might warrant more scrutiny. This made a lot of people uncomfortable, as it seemed to put us on the slippery slope to unacceptable profiling techniques. Still, one long-sought goal that eluded officials for years was to create a "known traveler" program that would give expedited treatment to travelers who voluntarily submitted to a background check. The three-year-old TSA PreCheck program has pretty much met that goal; after a slow start, it now has 3.6 million members. But credit for this should really should go to Customs and Border Protection, which got there first with its Global Entry fast-track screening for arriving passengers, which showed the TSA how this could be done without invading people's privacy.

What's next: To meet its goal of 25 million enrollees, TSA is considering allowing people to enroll in PreCheck online and via smartphone app

Federalizing and professionalizing the screener workforce

On 9/11, there were fewer than 20,000 airport screeners, many of them poorly-trained, minimum-wage contract workers who were hired by the airlines. Immediately, they became scapegoats for the attacks, and for the apparent ease with which the hijackers were able to board planes with box-cutters. One of the very first responses from the government was to kick the airlines off the security beat, and to put the government in charge-that's what gave us the TSA. In hindsight, that may have been an overreaction: On 9/11, the box-cutters used for deadly effect were, in fact, legal under the airlines's own rules, and the computerized pre-screening system in place that day did flag a few of the hijackers for added screening of their bags-but, tragically, the attackers knew all too well how to evade the system. Now, there are around 42,000 screeners, who are federal employees represented by a union. But one thing hasn't changed: the job is tedious and frustrating at times, and, as various covert tests have shown, screeners continue to miss weapons at a disturbingly high rate. The TSA's response has been to double down on training and re-training; as of this writing, the jury is still out on the results.

What's next: Some members of Congress are pushing for privatization of the screener workforce, and more airports are likely to take advantage of a pilot program to test this approach

Upgrading technology screening for weapons and bombs

Before 9/11, most checked luggage, particularly on domestic flights, went straight onto the plane without being scrutinized for explosives; the following year saw the arrival of those mini-van sized detection machines in airport lobbies, and, in one of the biggest investments made to date, airlines and airports spent hundreds of millions to build much faster underground, or "in-line," bag screening systems. But the machinery to screen people has proved more of a challenge: The first generation of highly controversial body-scanning machines had to be scrapped, and while TSA insists the current machines are safe, worries about the health effects of exposure to radiation persist.

What's next: New detection equipment that can better detect liquid explosives and other dangerous materials-meaning the lines would move faster for all us

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How Airport Security Has Changed Since 9/11

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Every September 11 anniversary prompts an examination of what has-or hasn't-happened in the ongoing quest to make air travel safer. And while the U.S. has spent an estimated nearly $100 billion to secure airports and airplanes since the attack, one thing is certain: more needs to be done.

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The aftermath or hurricane Irma

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Barely a month ago, Florida proudly announced a record-setting number of visitors to the Sunshine State - more than 60 million tourists coming to enjoy its theme parks, beaches and other attractions since January.

Now, in the immediate aftermath of Hurricane Irma, tourism is facing a major challenge. The devastation caused by one of history's largest storms, especially in the popular Florida Keys, is a direct strike at the $90bn industry that fuels the state's economic engine, with the harm caused incalculable, experts say, at least in the short term.

"Anything that happens to our tourism industry impacts the state of Florida in a huge way," said Kevin Murphy, chair of the Rosen college of hospitality management at the University of Central Florida, speaking before the White House announced that President Trump will visit the state on Thursday.

Murphy said: "It's like a ripple effect. It's like dropping not a pebble but a large rock in a pond with the ripples going out. That's what it does to our economy.

"Disney, Universal, all the big parks, they'll survive just fine. It's all of the smaller tour operators, the people that make their living on taxi rides, gator boat rides, they're really going to be hurt. Since our economy is built on small businesses, there'll be a huge impact, the housekeepers, all those people living paycheck to paycheck. For them this is devastating."

Rebuilding the tourist industry in the hardest-hit areas is just one of the massive challenges facing Florida as it plots its recovery from the largest storm ever to hit the state. After the immediate priorities of restoring power, water and sewers, affected cities on both coasts and along the Keys must repair washed-away beaches and damaged infrastructure, and ensure it is safe for visitors to return.

In the longer term there will be questions over strengthening construction codes for buildings to better withstand severe storms, how much insurance premiums will rise for property owners, and how property values will be affected.

But for now the 1.4 million people employed in Florida's hospitality and tourism industries have only one priority, getting back to work and getting their businesses open again.

On Tuesday in Treasure Island, a barrier island off of St Petersburg, the buzz of chainsaws echoed across an empty road. Homes are boarded up, but the hospitality industry is getting back to work.

Businesses here operate on notoriously slim margins. Even closing for a few days can be a huge financial burden, not only to owners but to staff.

"It's brutal," said Brad Piche, owner of Ricky T's, an outdoor beach bar across from some of the largest Gulf fronted hotels. "We're still paying payroll, but we got no money coming in. It's expensive, you're not only closed, but you have younger kids working here," he said. "People who had "never been through something like this."

One member of his staff fled to Chicago, Illinois to avoid the storm. "We got people all over the country," Piche said, meaning Irma was still causing problems as it harassed states people evacuated to, such as Alabama and Georgia.

"Even though I'll be all cleaned up and ready to open, I might not have a staff," said Piche, who estimates he would have lost $15,000 in food if the power had stayed off longer.

In one dark bar, R Bar and Grille, all the seats are taken. Nancy Patterson, the bartender, sprays soda into icy plastic cups as she hops between customers.

Has Irma affected business? "Absolutely," she said. "It was closed for a couple days, business is business.

"I don't have power in my house and I came to work," she said. "I think a lot of people don't have power."

It could have been worse. Along with homes, businesses in the Florida Keys have been ravaged. And in Key West, which suffered some flooding but avoided the worst of the damage, tourism businesses might be ready to open, but no visitors can get there.

"We're just cleaning up as best we can and waiting. There's nobody here," an employee in the bookshop of the Hemingway House, the island's leading tourist attraction, told the Guardian.

Key West is a popular cruise destination from passengers from Miami, Fort Lauderdale, Tampa and other ports around the US, but will continue to lose out if restoration takes a long time, as is feared.

"What'll happen is they'll shift the ships from the east to the west Caribbean itinerary, and maybe Jamaica or the Yucatan pick up some of the calls that Key West would normally get," said Andrew Coggins, a cruise industry analyst at Pace University's Lubin school of business in New York.

"The question is how badly damaged the shops and restaurants are that generate revenue from the cruise passengers."

The support of Visit Florida, the state's official tourism body, and trade organisations are available to business owners. The Florida Restaurant and Lodging Association for example has a comprehensive list of resources available to its more than 10,000 members on its website.

But only time will tell how quickly Florida's tourism industry bounces back.

"Those tourism dollars are absolutely huge, particularly from American visitors," said Alan Fyall, professor of tourism and marketing at UCF.

"The scale of the industry you can't grasp until you get here. One thing people fail to realise is that Florida's a playground for domestic tourism. Sure there are all these international visitors, from Europe and the UK, but essentially Florida is for Americans."

The sentiment was acknowledged by Florida governor Rick Scott even as he focused on the recovery efforts in the Florida Keys on Monday.

'We'll figure it out': faith amid the flood in Florida after Irma - video

"This state has a strong, resilient people," he said at a briefing. "We're going to get our jobs back, we're going to help build our companies again. We'll get all this cleaned up and hopefully get more tourists back in our state."

Announcing Trump's visit on Thursday to Florida after Hurricane Irma, White House press secretary Sarah Sanders told reporters: "The president's action during these times demonstrate why he's a true leader who can bring the country together and get things done for the American people."
Additional reporting by David Smith in Washington DC Topics

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Florida tourist industry counts the cost of Irma's devastation

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Barely a month ago, Florida proudly announced a record-setting number of visitors to the Sunshine State - more than 60 million tourists coming to enjoy its theme parks, beaches and other attractions since January. Now, in the immediate aftermath of Hurricane Irma, tourism is facing a major challenge.

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The decision was taken by the Federation of Tour Operators (FTO) which represents the majority of holiday companies.

Most of the big tour operators announced yesterday that they were extending from January 7 to January 31 the ban on packages to the coastal areas of Sri Lanka and Thailand. Now all FTO member companies will follow suit.

However, British holidaymakers will still be able to take trips to non-coastal parts of Sri Lanka and Thailand. Also, flights are going out as normal this weekend to the tourist areas of the Maldive islands, which have escaped relatively unscathed.

The Association of British Travel Agents (Abta) said today that of the estimated 6,000 UK package holiday tourists in the affected areas, just seven were now unaccounted for.

"The latest information we have is that five package holidaymakers died," said Abta's Frances Tuke. Those unaccounted for do not include flight-only customers, nor backpackers.

Meanwhile, a special relief flight organised by the First Choice holiday company landed at Gatwick airport early this morning with 300 UK holidaymakers on board from Male in the Maldives. The plane was met by First Choice staff and the company is providing counselling for anyone traumatised by events.

Tomorrow, a Foreign Office-chartered British Airways jumbo jet will leave Bangkok and land late afternoon at Heathrow with nearly 300 UK holidaymakers from Thailand. The BA-crewed plane was flying from Tokyo to Bangkok today to be in position to take home those stranded by the disaster. BA is sending a medical team and other staff to assist with the flight.
Topics

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The decision was taken by the Federation of Tour Operators (FTO) which represents the majority of holiday companies. Most of the big tour operators announced yesterday that they were extending from January 7 to January 31 the ban on packages to the coastal areas of Sri Lanka and Thailand.