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1. Webster’s Dictionary was written by Noah Webster, lawyer, schoolmaster, author, newspaper editor and an outspoken politician, and was the first American dictionary.

2.  This event promoted nationalism, because it was an American first, and promoted innovation and education in the country.

3.  This event was cultural/social.

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1. The Hudson River School was an art movement that focused on the beauty of the Hudson Valley and surrounding areas. It also made art available to the middle class and not just the wealthy. It was not a physical schools, but a group of individuals who often never met each other.

2. It promoted nationalism, because it resulted in a sense of pride of the American landscape, and was one of the first art movements separated from Europe.

3. The event was social/cultural

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1.  This tariff was made to protect the American Industry. Britain’s goods were cheaper which made them more desirable to American consumers. Placing a tariff made the goods equal to the U.S. to more products were bought there. The southern and northern states became more divided and saw the protective tariff as the north passing it and benefiting while the south suffered.

2.  This increased sectionalism because the northern and the southern states disagreed on the tariff.

3.  Economic, social, diplomatic

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1.  This treaty was signed in St Petersburg between representatives from the U.S. and Russia. It gave Russia access to the northwest coast of North America, up to a certain parallel. It helped control Russia’s push into Oregon County.

2. This treaty increased nationalism, because it helped give America a shape and identity by establishing a northern border.

3. This event was diplomatic.

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1. The election of 1824 was between the Democratic-Republicans Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, William H Crawford, and Henry Clay. The winner of the election was John Quincy Adams, he won the election through the House of Representatives. This election was the only won that followed the 12th amendment in which the House of Representatives determine the president because none of the candidates had majority electoral votes.

2. Sectionalism was increased as a result of this election because Adams was granted the presidential election easily. It caused further division of the American government.

3. Political and diplomatic

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1.  In 1824, the supreme court held the power to regulate commerce and used that power to regulate navigation. Aaron Ogden filed a complaint against Gibbons asking to keep him from trade in the water. Ogden won the case after a long dispute over interstate commerce clause.

2.  This increased sectionalism because there was disputing over the interstate commerce clause.

3.  Political

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1.  The rebellion was led by Denmark Vesey, who was self-educated and had purchased his freedom in Charleston, South Carolina. It was the most extensive planned slave revolt in US history. The authorities were previously made aware of the plans, and 130 blacks were arrested, 67 convicted, 35 (including Vesey) hung, and 32 exiled.

2. This event increased sectionalism, because it emphasized the huge racial divide in our country between slaves and their owners.

3. This event was social.

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1. The Erie Canal connects the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean, which allowed for trade between the midwestern states and New York City and beyond. This resulted in New York City becoming the economic powerhouse it is today.

2.  This event increased nationalism, because it allowed the economies of different states to work together and thrive. It allowed agricultural development to grow in the midwest, as a result of more trade opportunities for farmers there.

3.  This event was economic/cultural.

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1. In this election, James Monroe of the Democratic-Republican party ran unopposed. Since Monroe’s first term was so unproblematic, it was assumed that he would be reelected, and after doing so poorly in the previous election, the Federalists did not bother to run an opposing candidate.

2. This event promoted nationalism, because all of the states were happy with and supported the same president, which is extremely rare.

3. This event is political.

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1. The main goal of the Land Act of 1820 was to increase of land sales by reducing the number of acres that a person in Ohio can buy from 160 to 80, and the price from $2.00 to $1.00.

2. This increased nationalism because it was suggesting that more Americans should buy land because it is valued at lower price making it more affordable.

3. Economic

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1.  The state of Maryland tried to tax notes of all banks not chartered in Maryland, mainly targeting the National Bank. The court ruling was that the federal government had rule over state governments when the state government was preventing the federal government from functioning.

2. This ruling promoted nationalism. Although it most likely upset the government of Maryland, it showed that although the Federal government has the upperhand, the two do not compete with each other and that the focus of the federal government was not to give lots of power to themselves or state governments, but was to protect the people.

3. This event was political.

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1. This treaty was because of the debate between the U.S. and Spain on whether east Florida should be ceded to the U.S. With this treaty, if Spain agreed, Spain would cede all the inhabitants in Florida and redefine the boundaries. John Quincy Adams and Minster Onis decided to change the boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase. As a result the U.S. gained the claims of the Pacific Northwest and the U.S. recognized Spain’s ownership over Texas.

2. This increased nationalism because it increase the size of the country and giving more land to the people. The purpose of this treaty was to come to terms over a dispute, and it was successful giving the U.S. more confidence for the country going forward.

3. Political and diplomatic

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1. Andrew Jackson made the executive decision to invade the Spanish territory because he had heard reports of Indians killing whites. Once they did, they killed the Indians that lived there and took control of Pensacola. He was not motivated by expansion, but by revenge.

2.  This increased nationalism because the president was supposedly protecting his people against a group that may have harmed his citizens.

3.  Political, social

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1.  The treaty of 1818 with Great Britain revised the borders of Canada to the 49th parallel between the U.S. and Great Britain. As a result of this treaty the U.S. gained partial access to the Oregon Territory and it allowed the U.S. to have rights to fishing along Newfoundland and Labrador. The U.S. and Great Britain had stronger relations as a result of the treaty forming.

2. The treaty of 1818 increased nationalism because the U.S. gained more land and fishing rights increasing the opportunities and area for Americans.

3. Political, economic, social, and diplomatic

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1. This treaty was signed between the US and Britain following the war of 1812 and limited the number of naval vessels each country could have in the Great Lakes.

2. This event increased nationalism, because it showed that the US was a strong enough country to negotiate with powerful countries like Britain.

3. This event was diplomatic.

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1. in 1817, President James Monroe left on a tour of America

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1.  In 1824, the American System was used to strengthen and unify the nation. This was a new form of federalism supported by Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams. Their main focus was high tariffs to make money for the American government. It was very successful.

2.  This increased nationalism because it increased wealth, power, and population which made people proud to be a part of the nation.

3. Economic and political

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1. In 1816, this was created. It handled all government transactions. Its purpose was to regulate credit issued by private banking and established a reliable and stable national bank and economy.

2.  This increased nationalism because the country was united under a strong economic system.

3.  Economy, diplomatic

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1.  The war of 1812 made American industries struggle so they needed as much revenue as possible. This was the first tariff passed by congress that was a step towards regulating trade overseas and boosting trade within the country. This was meant to strengthen America’s economy. The motive behind this tariff was to protect American manufacturing instead of giving away their business to trading partners.

2.  This increased sectionalism because the northern and the southern states disagreed on the tariff.

3.  Economic, social, diplomatic

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1. The election of 1816 was between democratic republican James Monroe and federalist Rufus King. The winner of the election was James Monroe with 183 electoral votes while Rufus King had 34. James Monroe had the advantage over Rufus King because of his position as secretary of state for James Madison.

2. Nationalism was increased as a result of the election of 1816 because it was further unity of the country after the War of 1812 that America needed to be a strong country.

3. Political, diplomatic, and social

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1. A meeting between Massachusetts legislature and delegates from Connecticut, Vermont, and Rhode Island for three weeks. The purpose of the convention was to discuss the presence of the federal government that was allied with France during the War of 1812. Massachusetts wanted more economic support after the devastation that the Embargo Act of 1807 had on the New England economy. An outcome of this convention was the creation of the ⅔ vote for war to be declared in the U.S.

2. The Connecticut Convention furthered the growth of sectionalism because it was a division between two political parties in the U.S.

3. Political, diplomatic and social

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1.  America was beginning to manufacture rapidly. The speed at which products were produced was much faster because things were made by machines in factories and no longer made by hand. Textiles were a major part in this movement. Every aspect in life was affected in one way or another. This created many more jobs and boosted the economy greatly.

2.  The increased nationalism because the nation was making much more money and the country was higher ranked.

3.  Economical, social, diplomatic

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1.  In 1794 Eli Whitney created the cotton gin which increased the production of cotton by removing seeds from the fiber. This machine caused the increase of slave workers present in America and grew the cotton industry. The demand of slaves and land inflated throughout the U.S.

2. The cotton gin was one of the biggest contributors to sectionalism in the U.S. because it further divided of African Americans and Americans from one another.

3. Economic, social, and cultural