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*Calvin Coolidge, the new president, had the pro-business spirit that was common in the 1920s
*The goal of Coolidge and Herbert Hoover was to keep government interference to a minimum in businesses, they wanted to give the businesses a chance to flourish on their own
*The new techniques that were being used caused a better flow of money
*The automobile had a big effect on America, it changed the landscape and paved roads were a big new thing
*Factories were compared to temples
*Paved roads and automobiles allowed people to travel in all weather
* First Cloverleaf Intersection- built in New Jersey in 1929
*The automobile industry inspired gas stations, repair shops, public garages, travel, and tourist centers
*Route 66- new way for people traveling West from Chicago to California
*First automatic traffic signs- Detroit- early 1920s
*Cars allowed workers to live farther out and still work in the city
*Airplane industry began as a mail carrying system for the U.S. post office
*First flight in 1918 was disastrous
*Planes started to carry radios and navigation systems

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Harding Struggles for Peace (Baylee, Alexis, Jacob, Michael)

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Harding Struggles for Peace (Baylee, Alexis, Jacob, Michael)

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-Charles Evans Hughes urged that no more warships be built for 10 years. The suggested the 5 major naval powers the U.S., Great Britain, Japan, France, and Italy scrap their battleships, cruisers, and aircraft carriers.
-Conference delegates cherred. For the first time in history powerful nations agreed to disarm
-In 1928 fifteen countries signed the Kellogg-Briand which renounced war as a national policy

HIGH TARIFFS AND REPARATIONS
-Britain and France could pay America the $10 billion back in two ways; selling goods to the US or collecting reparations from Germany
-America adopted the Fordney-McCumber Tariff in 1922
-Germany was experiencing terrible inflation

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Scandal Hits Harding's Administration
BL, BD, JD, DP

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Scandal Hits Harding's Administration
BL, BD, JD, DP

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-Harding favored a limited role for government in business and social reform.
-He appointed Charles Evans Hughes as secretary of state. He later became chief of justice court.
-Made Herbert Hoover secretary of commerce
-His cabinet included the Ohio gang which was the presidents poker playing ring
-The president didn't understand many of the issues.
-The "Teapot Dome Scandal" was one of the first and most corrupt events
- On August 2nd 1923 Harding died from a heart attack or stroke

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- Communism is an economic and political system based on a single party government ruled by dictatorship
- Communists would put an end to private property, substituting government ownership of factories, railroads, and other businesses
- The panic of the U.S. began in 1919
- Vladimir I. Lenin and his followers established a new communist state
- Communists were known as "reds"
- A communist party was formed in the U.S. with 70,000 radicalists
- General A. Mitchell Palmer took action to combat this "red scare"
Chloe, Micah, Keyla

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~World War 1 had left much of the American public exhausted.
~The economy was in a difficult state of adjustment.
~A wave of nativism, or prejudice against foreign-born people swept the nation.

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Limiting Immigration
Gage, Katie, Dezeray 

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Limiting Immigration
Gage, Katie, Dezeray 

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- "Keep immigration for American" became the prevailing attitude.
- The KKK was devoted to 100 percent Americanism.
- KKK members were paid to recruit new members into their world of secret rituals and racial violence
- By 1929, KKK membership reached 9.5 million.
- From 1919 to 1921 the number of immigrants had grown almost 600 percent going from 191,000 to 805,000 people.
- The emergency quota act of 1921 set up the quota system
-The quota system established the max number of immigrants allowed into the U.S
- The goal of the quota system was to cut sharply European immigration in the U.S
- The law strictly prohibited Japanese immigration causing problems between the two nations
- Japan which had faithfully kept the Gentleman's Agreement to limit immigration to the U.S  negotiated by Theodore Roosevelt in 1907
- The national origins quota system did not apply to immigrants from the western hemisphere.
- During the 1920's about a million Canadians and almost 500,000 mexicans crossed the border.

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- In 1919 Palmer worked with J. Edgar Hoover to find suspected Communists, socialists, and anarchists (people who opposed any form of government).
- They invaded people’s private property, deported people without trials, and jailed suspects without legal counsel
- But since their raids were without reason, many thought Palmer was just looking to find support for his presidential campaign.

~ Kela, Chloe, Micah

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- The Red Scare made people very hostile towards foreign-born people.
- Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants and anarchists
- In 1920 they were arrested and executed for robbery/m urder.
- They were believed to be innocent but convicted because of their radical political beliefs and immigrant status.

~ Kela, Chloe, Micah

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  A Time of Labor Unrest
 Natalie, Connor, Radford 

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  A Time of Labor Unrest
 Natalie, Connor, Radford 

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During the war, the government wouldn't allow workers to strike because nothing could interfere with war effort

The AFL pledged to void strikes

In 1919 there was 300,00 strikes and nearly 4 million workers walked off

Employers labeled striking workers as Communists

Newspapers screamed "Plots to establish Communism"

The Boston Police Strike:

Boston police had not been given a raise since the beginning of WWI

Representatives asked for raises, but instead they were fired. This resulted in the remaining policemen to strike.

Calvin Coolidge called out the National Guard. Coolidge believed that "there is no right to strike against the public safely by anybody, anywhere, amy time."

The strike ended but all new policemen were hired

Coolidge was praised because he saved Boston from Communism and anarchy

The Steel Mill Strike:

The workers wanted the right to negotiate for shorter working hours and a living wage.

In  September 1919 the U.S steel Corporation refused to meet with union representatives and because of that 300,000 workers walked of their jobs.

The Coal Miners' Strike:

In 1919 John L. Lewis became the new leader of the United Mine Workers of America.

Coal miners received a 27 percent wage increase, but they did not get a shorter workday and a five-day workweek until the 1930's. Labor Movement Loses      Appeal:

The 1920s hurt the labor movement badly

Over the decade union membership dropped from more than 5 million to around 3.5 million

Membership declined for many reasons. Much of the work force consisted of immigrants willing to work in poor conditions, since immigrants spoke a multitude of languages, unions had difficulty organizing them, farmers who had migrated to cities to find factory jobs were used to relying on themselves, and most unions excluded African Americans.

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Image result for charles evans hughes posters
Alexis
Jake
Baylee