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Health facts can effect a lot of destinations in many ways, some including reduce tourism, tourists being effected and events and shows effected. One destination where a health issue effected tourism and the destination massively is Rio when they were hosting the Olympics in 2016. A virus called the Zika virus has effected more than 50 destination but Brazil remains the country that was mostly effected by it. It is a mosquito-borne virus but reports proved that the virus can badly effect pregnant women and their children as they can be born with small heads and undeveloped brains. In addition, it will also known to the virus being connect to Guillain-Barré syndrome, which is a rare disorder can result in paralysis and death. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/12/rio-olympics-zika-amir-attaran-public-health-threatThe Olympics was planned to begin to start at the beginning of August, the same time the virus broke out, it was planned to be postponed to a later data. As the games still went ahead the people from the Guardian the people who planned the games to go ahead was branded as foolish and “monstrously unethical”. In Rio, there was a total of 26,000 cases of zika virus was found, which is the highest found in Brazil. The timing of the games was planned as August is the beginning of Brazil's winter months, this means less activities  mosquitoes and people are at a lower risk of getting bitten. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/12/rio-olympics-zika-amir-attaran-public-health-threat
Dr. Kamran Khan, who is is a doctor located in Toronto, made a statement to say some travelers might end up catching the disease and without feeling any symptoms might bring it back to their own country. The doctor has said that everyone should take extra care of themselves by not exposing themselves to misquotes even 2 weeks after returning no matter if you have no symptoms. https://edition.cnn.com/2016/02/12/health/zika-olympics-threat/index.html
Athletes have decided to pull out of the Olympics due to the scare of the Zika virus, athletes include Jason Day "Adam Scott, Louis Oosthuizen, Charl Schwartzel and Vijay Singh all scratching ahead of Rory McIlroy, with Graeme McDowel". Jason Day made a statement saying he has pulled out to protect his family as his wife is pregnant and wants no problems to occur. Golf has just returned to the Olympics, the last time it was classed as as sport in the Olympics was 1904, so the golfers were disappointed to drop out. https://www.facebook.com/MilosRaonicOfficial/posts/1113465115393786
https://twitter.com/GregJRutherford?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E740102902551871488&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fsport%2F0%2Frio-olympics-which-athletes-have-withdrawn-over-zika-fears%2F

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/0/rio-olympics-which-athletes-have-withdrawn-over-zika-fears/.

Economic problems occurred within the volunteer group who was going to help set everything up and 10% of the guaranteed volunteers didn't turn up. https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/aug/21/rio-olympics-residents-impact-future-legacy

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https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/31/india-tourist-visits-down-delhi-gang-rape

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https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/india-gang-rape-victim-dies-in-hospital-8432561.html

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The impacts of seasonality on a long-haul destination could be that the destination will find a decrease in numbers of tourists during the monsoon seasons of tropical weather. Customers could find themselves booking holidays elsewhere due to the bad seasonality. Climate and seasonality is a massive factor tourists take into consideration when booking their holiday, especially to a long-haul destination. Being from the UK the weather here is pretty dull and rainy, therefore when traveling that far away from home the tourist will want decent hot weather. Many tourists will choose to visit Australia in the winter (UK) due to it being hot over there. November time is usually very cold in England however in Australia its their summer so Australia probably see an increase in visitor numbers during our winter. (UK)

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All destinations have different times of the year where they will get the best climate and certain time of the year where the climate is not as good. Some really hot areas have monsoon season where rainfalls will occur and this can make for a very dull and depressing holiday with constant rain, tropical storms and hurricanes. These are usually destination in the far east or USA. Some countries are polar opposites to the UK (Australia) therefore when we have our winter it's there summer. It is very important for tourists to be aware of the time of the year they are traveling to long-haul destination and will need to do their research for when is the climate, otherwise they could find themselves stuck in a tropical storm.
Some countries are hot all year round with very limited rain and storms, this makes will ame them destinations popular for Uk tourists during the winter. Winter sun holidays are very popular and tourists from the UK will want to get away from the cold and enjoy some sunshine in the month of October.

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Egypt is a destination that has been advised against all travel to certain destination, by the FCO. North Sinai is a destination that is completely restricted of travel due to terrorism attacks on police and security forces but also criminal activity in the area is very high. Deaths of public service staff have also risen. Essential travel to certain destinations is allowed however this is only if it is important, emergency or the tourist really needs to get there. This could be visiting a family member who may be ill. A lot of UK airlines and operators are not selling holidays to this area or operating there due to the high risk. the FCO states that egypt is at high risk of terrorist attacks therefore all travel is permitted there unless its essential.
This is going to have a massive and negative impact on Egypt as it used to be a very popular tourist destination. However due to the terrorism threat and customer not being able to visit will result in the countries economy decreasing. This means jobs will be lost due to no tourism and poverty will increase, usually when poverty increases so does the crime of a destination. Unless Egypt figures out how to stop the terrorism and bring back tourism it may be a forgotten destination as people are choosing to go elsewhere.

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Travel restricts can be put in place by the government (FCO), they will release warnings and restrictions to stop tourists traveling there. This could be due to terrorism, safety, illness breakout, war or natural disasters.
FCO is a government body that offers specific information of travel restrictions and also cautions needed to take by the tourists when in certain long-haul destinations. Every destionion will have a form of risk to them for example, handbag pinching, however some destination are more serious than others, therefore tourists will have to do their research before entry a long-haul destination. The Foreign Travel advice website has an A-Z list of all countries that restrictions or risks apply to.

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https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/india/safety-and-security

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https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/india/safety-and-security

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India is massively known for its mistreatment of women and the dangers of women visitors to this country. It has been ranked the most dangerous place for women in the world. Due to this really bad promotion and image the country is getting the tourism ministry of India launched a campaign to reassure women they are safe in the country. This is a way of the country responding to the poll ranked them dangerous for women. This is a way of them trying to assure women to come to India and keep tourism generating into the area. India was ranked the worst country in six categories including : human trafficking, health care, cultural practises, sexual and non-sexual violence. This is massively important information for women thinking of going to India, this will be a massive put off and may result in women and other genders picking a different destination. In 2012 an incident of gang-rape occurred on a bus in Delhi and a 23 year old student ended up committing suicide due to police neglection of the crime and failing to report crime and prosecute the rapists. This was published globally and everyone around the world who were aware of what had happened and were disgusted at the countries poor attempt to help the young girl but most importantly punish the rapists.
India saw a drop in tourists visiting India in three months space after the gang rape at 25% lower compared to the previous year at the same time period. The number of women tourists specifically dropped 35% to the previous year. This was due to the fear of sexual assault.
Tour operators noticed numerous of customers cancelling their holidays to india from january- march, this was shortly after the gang-rape happened.
The government in India however have tried their hardest to keep tourism generating into the country and seemed to try and paint a 'rosy' picture of tourism in India. 1,2000 tour operators contradicted the government and have claimed that India was not safe at the time and customers have been cancelling and opting for different destinations. Tourism secretary, Parvez Dewan claimed that 'so far there has been no adverse impact on tourism' however since this statement several women have made numerous of reports against men of attacks or being traumatised. And this is including tourist destinations, this pushed the UK to issue travel advisories for India and making sure that customers were fully aware of what it is really like in India.
This will have a massive impact on the tourists decision on India as a holiday destination. Tour operators were being forced to tell their customers of the risks and dangers therefore this would have persuaded many people to choose a different long-haul destination. Tourists will take advice given to them by professionals very seriously and one of the most important aspects of a holiday is that is safe and secure for them and their families/ friends.
Secretary-general of Assocham, DS Rawat states that the government wants to keep the tourism dollar generating in India however due to the safety and security situation tourists are now opting for other asian countries as their holiday destination, for example Malaysia, Indonesia and Vietnam.
However despite these factors India still managed to earn $17.7bn from 6.6 million inbound visitors in 2012. I can make the assumption of thinking that these customers had already booked their holidays before the incident and didn't want to lose out on a holiday that they could've been waiting for, for a long time. Or these customers could have been visiting family or friends where they would have been in a more comfortable, familiar and safer environment.
I also thought that maybe these inbound visitors could have stayed in their holiday resorts and may have been too frightened to leave the resort.

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When travelling to certain countries, the government offers valid and reliable information on almost every destination. Especially if there is a risk of safety and security. Tourists should check the information available to them before traveling to a long-haul destination.
India as example of a destination that is high on risk and security. The government offers a lot of information of this destination including; women at a high risk in this country and are advised to take extra caution when traveling to India, even if accompanied by a group. Reports of sexual assault and harassment, both physical and verbal, is increasing massively. Foreign women are also being targeted, with British women being victims of sexual assault in specifically Goa, Delhi, Bangalore and Rajasthan. Unwanted attention from local men, individuals and in groups. Kidnapping, rape and murders have been reported in the mentioned places of India. The last reports of incidents like this was made in 2018 therefore it is very recent and still a massive risk for women travelling to this destination. Travel agents are not responsible to giving customers this vital information, it is the tourists responsibility to research the risks and safety restrictions before entering the country.
The FCO (foreign commonwealth office) has a page dedicated to how women can be safe when traveling alone or even with a group of women, this is general to all destinations and not specifically India.
Factors like this will make tourists aware and conscious when they are on holiday, this is not ideal as holiday is usually to relax and enjoy your time off from everyday life. Tourists will be paranoid and constantly watching to see if anyone is trying to steal from them.
When traveling to India, tourist are most safe when they are in a holiday resort and not out on the streets of India which can be very dangerous. However when traveling to India, tourists want to see the culture and history of the country, now these factors can make that difficult even if they are on a guided tour with a big group.

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Some customers may be put by the culture shock of a destination as it may be completely different to what the traveler is used to. In addition, they might be shocked by the poverty or diseases of the area, this might put some travelers of the destination as they weren't expecting do go to a destination with social issue. Travelers are advised to support the local community buy buying local products and gifts, this means the residents will welcome tourists as they want then to buy there local produce to earn a living instead of tourists just ruining the local community.  Some destinations have strict rules to enter the country which travelers may question and be put of by going, for example in Lima one of the women travels guide state that females cant entry the country without a male companion and even have to visit an embassy to declare who the male is. https://www.quora.com/Is-it-safe-for-a-female-to-travel-alone-in-Mexico

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https://travelagents001.weebly.com/m3---explain-how-time-zones-can-affect-visitors-when-travelling.html
Time zones can out travelers off flying long haul due to the jet lag and the side effects of it as it could ruin the holiday and the experience if you become unwell. The symptoms include; disturbed sleep, sleepiness (feel tired all day), fatigue, stomach problems (feel sick), headaches and irritability. The symptoms that are due to jet leg can really effect on the overall holiday as some tourists may only be saying in a destination for a short period of time therefore they won't be be able to get to terms with the new time zone and could miss part of the day. To prevent jet leg there are some techniques that can be put in place to reduce the changes of becoming ill. Before travelling the tourists could go to bed earlier than normal to get extra sleep and if your going to a timezone ahead go to bed later so you can get used to the time in the destination your traveling to. When on board the flight the tourists could adapt their watch to the specific time zone your flying too, get as much sleep as you can when travelling and eat and drink plenty of water but try not to consume alcohol or caffeine. When arriving to the destination and in transfer to the resort the tourists should avoid napping and immediately stick the schedule for example have breakfast, lunch and tea at the destinations time. https://fr.april-international.com/en/healthcare-travellers/air-travel-and-jet-lag

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Restrictions can be put on a destination regarding safety of tourists traveling there. This could be due terrorism, war, crime or other factors that could make the destination dangerous for tourists. Some areas will be completely forbidden to travel to, meaning that many airlines and tour operators would have stopped operating their. These restrictions can be put on a destination due to safety of tourists, by the government. This will have a massive impact on tour operators as it means they will no longer be able to operate to that specific destination and may lose out on custom and profit.
Terrorism is a massive factor that contributes to safety of tourists and restrictions put on a destination of high risk. Travel restrictions due to safety doesn't always mean that tourists can't access and get into the area, it does however mean that they will need to be aware of risks in that area and how to keep themselves safe. For example this could mean that tourists will have to stay in the resort unless in a guided tour to be safe of crime and other aspect.

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Time Zones will affect tourists picking to go to long haul destinations due to the difference in time, for example if people wanted a short break holiday then they will spend most of their holiday trying to fight jet lag which is not a good experience. For example, families may not want to go to Orlando as it takes 9 hours to get there and the children will most likely become restless and all the tourists and the family will not enjoy the journey and will effect the whole holiday experience. The length of flight will effect the choice of destination for travellers as they might not want to spend several hours flying to a destination this is where stopovers are popular. Stopovers is popular for tourists as they may not want to travel 24 hours (Australia) to a destination so they may travel half way and spend a few nights in a country such as Singapore. Stopovers is popular for families to reduce the chance of the children

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Times Zones and length of flight Explain

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Times Zones and length of flight Explain

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Time zones affect tourists when flying to long haul destinations as you pass from GMT (Greenwhich Meantime). GMT can effect tourists no matter if the time is forward or behind. For example Canada is 6 hours behind so the GMT is -6. Time zones effect tourists when they are on a long haul flight as jet lag takes place; people may become dehydrated and irritated due to being in the same place for a certain about of time and the lack of sleep if travelling through the night. Some tourists try to reduce the jet lag by splitting the flight in half and  over in a country for a few days stopping to explore and then carry on the journey.

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Entry requirements are what a tourist will need before entering a long-haul destination. Many long-haul destinations require customers to have a valid Visa when entering. Some destinations require there inbound tourists to have certain vaccinations and certificates or advice tourists to get them. Some countries have a high risk of disease being caught (for example, malaria) therefore it is important that tourists flying to this destination have been vaccinated to be free of the risk of catching malaria. World Travel Guide is a website and a government body that gives advice of entry requirements to long-haul destinations.

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Requirements to get into the USA.
Tourists visiting the USA will need to have a valid Visa. This applies to customers who are visiting the USA for pleasure/ business or medical purposes. For no longer than 90 days.

UK visitors can go to the USA without a visa however will have to apply for an ESTA, they must have return flights. 38 countries currently have a Visa waiver program including the UK.
ETSA was introduced after the 9/11 attacks in 2001. The airspace in the USA was closed for a few days meaning that tourists couldn't get there or out of the country. In 2007 the ETSA was introduced to make america's borders safer and reduce terrorism.
ETSA make it harder for people to travel to USA and without one tourist could be denied entry. Introduction of ETSA's meant that customers were filling out ETSA application forms in the airport or on their phones, trying to quickly do it to be allowed entry.
This caused a lot of stress and panic for customers who were unaware of this scheme. This meant that america had to change the rules and customers had to make sure that customers had their application forms filled out within 3 days of entering the USA. Customers who turn up without this will be denied entry.
This can have a massive impact of customers who are looking for last-minute holidays to the USA. Last-minute holidays usually mean that customers have to leave very shortly (usually within a couple of days) this will not give the customers enough time to fill out the application form and may restrict them from choosing to go here. It could also restrict sutomers choosing USA as it can be expensive and a last minute holiday may be the only option to visit the USA and the ESTA application form may stop them from doing so.

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The active virus Zika which is transmission in Brazil in the southern eastern part of the country. The Zika virus is transmitted by an infected mosquito but can be transmitted from a pregnant women to her fetus. The Zika virus is also present in other countries such; Mexico, Central America, The Caribbean and all the long term travelers will be at risk. https://www.iamat.org/country/brazil/risk/zika-virus##
The Zika virus effected the Rio Olympics and destination itself as due to the outbreak of the virus less people wanted to visit the destination and the Olympics itself, therefore the tickets sold were not the target Brazil set and they lost thousands of pounds. In addition, even athletics pulled out of the Olympics due to the scare of the virus. The Olympics was getting slatted due to the Zika virus as they wanted to postpone it due to health reasons. The unfortunate side to Brazil is the Olympics is bringing in half a million visitors and they don't want to cancel to the Olympics to effect the tourists rates.

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An example of a destinations that has a lot of social impacts and issue is Hawaii. The more wealthier residents will live and enjoy their time on the beach front and the poorer will live on the outskirts of the destination. Due to the poor residents social issues are created, for example if tourists explore all parts of the destination they most likely will go into the center and the poor will pick on holidaymakers and try and steal their goods, this creates an unsafe environment and an un enjoyable experience. Other unsafe destinations that have social issues is South Africa, Turkey, Morocco and especially India as reportedly every 20 minutes a women is assaulted, this includes tourists as well. https://news.sky.com/story/india-a-woman-raped-every-20-minutes-10459899. India, is a popular destination for sight seeing and exploring different areas of outstanding natural beauty, for example Taj Mahal, Amber Palace and red fort. Residents will know where tourists will most likely visit therefore it will be an easy destination for people to get attached, due to the amount of assaults in India, the tourism growth is declining and issues like assaulting is becoming worse. https://www.holidaysafe.co.uk/blog/decline-in-tourism-to-india/. A social issue such as a gang rape back in 2012 as effected India ever since, 35% of tourism has declined since then as holidaymakers feared for their life and didn't feel safe to visit the destination.

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Health is normally related to requirements of vacations or tables that need to be taken prior to going to a certain destination. Some countries will not permit entry without proof, for example a typhoid or yellow fever vacation and may need a certificate to show. The active virus Zika which is in transmission in Brazil in the southern eastern part of the country. The symptoms of the Zika virus is usually people would get ill within 3-12 days after getting bitten by a mosquito and include symptoms such as mild fever, headaches and muscle and joint pain. Prevention techniques to reduce the chance of getting the Zika virus is to apply a repellent, wear beige colored clothing, spray the outer layer of clothing with permeation and apply sun cream first before sun cream.  https://www.iamat.org/country/brazil/risk/zika-virus