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I like this article because it gives a lot of information about the different types and some examples.

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tide, alternate and regular rise and fall of sea level in oceans and other large bodies of water. These changes are caused by the gravitational attraction of the moon and, to a lesser extent, of the sun on the earth. More generally, tides are the deformations of celestial bodies from a perfectly spherical shape that result from stresses created by their mutual gravitational attraction (see gravitation). Another way of viewing the tide is as the longest possible ocean wave, one which stretches all the way around the earth. The tide regarded as a wave is sometimes referred to as a tidal wave, although this term has been commonly applied to the shock wave propagated by an underwater earthquake. (To avoid confusion, such shock waves are now called tsunamis, their Japanese name, or seismic sea waves.) Numerous schemes have been proposed to harness the earth's tides, especially in various estuaries, as a practical source of power, but none as yet have proved economically or technologically feasible.

Tidal Effect on the Earth

Tides are raised in the earth's solid crust and atmosphere as well as in the oceans. Every body in the universe has some tidal effect, however small, on every other body. This effect is directly proportional to the mass of the body causing the tide but inversely proportional to the cube of the distance between the bodies. The earth's nearby moon is about 2.17 times as effective as the more massive sun in raising tides on the earth, even though the sun exerts a much greater total force on the earth than does the moon. Thus, the moon's proximity explains its dominant role in creating tides.

Direct and Indirect Tides

At any given time, there are two high tides on the earth, the direct tide on the side facing the moon and the indirect tide on the opposite side. As the earth rotates on its axis, the location of the two diametrically opposed tidal bulges varies on the earth's surface. The earth's rotation and the moon's revolution, which have the same direction, bring each point on the earth opposite the moon once every 24 hr and 50 min. Therefore, the average interval between direct and indirect high tides is about 12 hr and 25 min. In many places along the Atlantic coasts of N America and Europe, the two daily low tides are of nearly equal duration and magnitude, called semidiurnal tides.

In certain shallow seas and narrow estuaries, the tides differ from this simple pattern. For example, in certain regions such as the Pacific coast of N America, one of the two daily tides is appreciably higher than the other or the interval between successive tides is unequal; these are called mixed tides. In other regions, such as the Gulf of Mexico, there is only one high tide per day called a diurnal tide, with a period of 24 hr and 50 min.

The Magnitude and Effects of Tidal Ranges

The range of the tides is the difference in sea level between high and low tides. Spring tide, having the maximum range, occurs during the full moon when the earth is between the moon and the sun, and new moon when the moon is between the earth and the sun. At these times in the lunar cycle when the moon, earth, and sun are aligned the condition is known as syzygy. The term king tide is used in some regions to describe the highest tides of the year. Neap tide, having the minimum range, occurs during the moon's first and last quarters, when the moon, earth, and sun form a right angle. The typical tidal range in the open ocean is 2 ft (0.61 m) but is much greater near the coast. Tidal ranges vary around the world and average about 6 to 10 ft (2 to 3 m). The world's widest tidal range occurs in the Bay of Fundy, in E Canada, where the sea level changes by 40 ft (12 m) during the day, while the Mediterranean, Baltic, and Caribbean Seas are relatively tideless.

As the tides change, currents must flow to redistribute the ocean's water. Near the coast, the direction of the current changes every 61/4 hr from toward the shore (flood current) to away from the shore (ebb current). In the open ocean, the tidal currents are rotary, shifting through all directions of the compass in a period matching that of the local tide. When tidal currents flow into the mouth of a river, they speed up. In extreme cases, the tidal rise advances up the river as a solid wall of water often several feet high, a rare phenomenon called a tidal bore. During times of high tide accompanied by high wind and low pressure, as during a hurricane, a tidal surge can occur, causing coastal erosion, flooding, and damage to coastal cities.

The Prediction of Tides

Detailed prediction of ocean tides from theories of classical mechanics and hydrodynamics has not been entirely successful, largely because of complications introduced by the irregular shape of the ocean basins and coastlines. Useful results are obtained empirically by analyzing records of previous tides at a particular location to predict future tides. The importance of tides for maritime activities has prompted the compilation of tide tables for harbors, which give the time and height of high water and low water based on past observations and corrected for the varying positions of celestial bodies.

Bibliography

See A. C. Redfield, Introduction to Tides (1982); D. Arnold, Tides and Currents (1987); G. Marchuk and B. A. Kagan, Dynamics of Ocean Tides (1989).

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tide, alternate and regular rise and fall of sea level in oceans and other large bodies of water. These changes are caused by the gravitational attraction of the moon and, to a lesser extent, of the sun on the earth.

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It is showing What happens during a neap and spring tide.

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Space Science Tutorial: Spring and Neap Tides

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You can have low tides and high tides depending on where the moon or sun is. If the moon is on a side of the earth that side and the opposite side will have a high tide and the other side will have low tide, unless the sun is on that side which gives all areas a medium tide. If the sun and moon are on the same side that side will have a extremely high tide.

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Moon | Features, Phases, Surface, Exploration, & Facts

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Moon, Earth’s sole natural satellite and nearest celestial body. Known since prehistoric times, it is the brightest object in the sky after the Sun. Its name in English, like that of Earth, is of Germanic and Old English derivation. Learn more about the Moon in this article.

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I chose this aritcle because it is from NASA who do fly rockets into space and because it answers many question people ask like when is the next eclipse and what they are.

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This article is for students grades 5-8.

An eclipse occurs when one heavenly body such as a moon or planet moves into the shadow of another heavenly body. Let's learn about the two types of eclipses on Earth.

What is a Lunar Eclipse?

The Moon moves in an orbit around Earth. At the same time, Earth orbits the Sun. Sometimes Earth moves between the Sun and the Moon. When this happens, Earth blocks the sunlight that normally is reflected by the Moon. (This sunlight is what causes the Moon to shine.) Instead of light hitting the Moon's surface, Earth's shadow falls on the Moon. This is an eclipse of the Moon, or a lunar eclipse. A lunar eclipse can occur only when the Moon is full.

A lunar eclipse can be seen from Earth at night. There are two types of lunar eclipses:

1. Total lunar eclipse.

2. Partial lunar eclipse.

A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon and the Sun are on exact opposite sides of Earth. Although the Moon is in Earth's shadow, some sunlight reaches the Moon. The sunlight passes through Earth's atmosphere, which filters out most of the blue light. This makes the Moon appear red to people on Earth.

A partial lunar eclipse happens when part of the Moon enters Earth's shadow. In a partial eclipse, Earth's shadow appears very dark on the side of the Moon facing Earth. What people see from Earth during a partial lunar eclipse depends on how the Sun, Earth and Moon align.

A lunar eclipse usually lasts for a few hours. At least two partial lunar eclipses happen every year, but total lunar eclipses are rare. It is safe to look at a lunar eclipse.

What is a Solar Eclipse?

Sometimes when the Moon orbits Earth, the Moon moves between the Sun and Earth. When this happens, the Moon blocks the light of the Sun from reaching Earth. This causes an eclipse of the Sun, or a solar eclipse. During a solar eclipse, the Moon casts a shadow onto Earth.

There are three main types of solar eclipses:

1. Total solar eclipse: A total solar eclipse is visible from a small area on Earth. The people who see the total eclipse are in the center of the Moon's shadow when it hits Earth. The sky becomes very dark, as if it were night. For a total eclipse to occur, the Sun, Moon and Earth must be in a direct line.

2. Partial solar eclipse: This happens when the Sun, Moon and Earth are not exactly aligned. The Sun appears to have a dark shadow on a small part of its surface.

3. Annular (an-yə-lər) solar eclipse: An annular eclipse happens when the Moon is farthest from Earth. Because the Moon is farther away, it seems smaller. It does not block the entire view of the Sun. The Moon in front of the Sun looks like a dark disk on top of a larger Sun-colored disk. This creates what looks like a ring around the Moon.

During a solar eclipse, the Moon casts two shadows on Earth.

1. The umbra (əm-brə): This shadow gets smaller as it reaches Earth. It is the dark center of the Moon's shadow. People standing in the umbra will see a total eclipse.

2. The penumbra (pə-ˈnəm-brə): The penumbra gets larger as it reaches Earth. People standing in the penumbra will see a partial eclipse.

Solar eclipses happen every 18 months somewhere on Earth. Unlike lunar eclipses, solar eclipses last only a few minutes.

Never look directly at the Sun: Doing so can permanently damage your eyes! You must use proper safety equipment to look at any type of solar eclipse.

Why Does NASA Study Eclipses?

Hundreds of years ago, when people observed the Moon during an eclipse, they saw Earth's shadow on the Moon and discovered that the Earth is round. Even after all these years, scientists are still learning about the Moon from lunar eclipses. In December 2011, NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter gathered data about how quickly the Moon's day side (the side that always faces Earth) cools during a lunar eclipse. NASA can learn what the Moon's surface is made of from this data. If an area of the Moon's surface is flat, it will cool quickly. Scientists use this data to know which areas of the Moon are rough with boulders and which are flat.

Scientists use solar eclipses as an opportunity to study the Sun's corona. The corona is the Sun's top layer. During an annular eclipse, NASA uses ground and space instruments to view the corona when the Moon blocks the Sun's glare.
Remember, never look directly at the Sun: Doing so can permanently damage your eyes!
More about Eclipses
Lunar Eclipses and Solar Eclipses @ NASA Space Place
How Does a Lunar Eclipse Work? Video
What Is an Orbit? Grades 5-8
Read What Is an Eclipse? (Grades K-4)

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An eclipse occurs when one heavenly body such as a moon or planet moves into the shadow of another heavenly body.

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When the moon get's into Earths shadow

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Shows what happens when the moon blocks the sun

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What's the difference between a solar and lunar eclipse?

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A Solar Eclipse is when the moon is in front of the sun which then cast a shadow on to earth making it seem dark in the day time

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A lunar eclipse is when the Earth cast a shadow on the moon turning it red.

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Section

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phases of the moon

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The phases of the moon is a set of different phases of the moon created by the orbit of moon around the earth.