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Discuss the points that you agree about what matters to your group and list them down.

1.What many nutrition that they need​ to stay healthy?
2. What has the government done to stop hunger?
3. Why are there some places that suffer from hunger more?
4.What place that very lots of people that hungry?​
5.How many people that hungry and need food?
6. How can people help to stop hunger?

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What activities can individuals and communities can do to raise awareness to zero hunger:

- Don't waste food.
- Eat according to the portion.
- Eat foods that have nutrition and protein.
- I share food with people in need.

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Food security and nutrition affect people's quality of life.

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Made with Seesaw - Student Driven Digital Portfolios. Free for teachers!

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Caring: We share them information and what we learn.

Communicator: We communicate and sharing information.

Balance: Rights and responsibility.

Reflective: Evaluate things that I do.

Inquirers: Find out what is going on in the world.

Knowledgeable: Aware that people still experience hunger.

Thinkers: Think about the people in need.

Principled: Being great full what we have.

Risk-takers: Brave in taking action to help people.

Open-minded: Respect that everyone have different privilege.

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1. What food security and nutritious food are (form)
2. Factors that cause hunger/starvation and the impacts (causation)
3. People's efforts and responsibilities to eliminate hunger (responsibility)

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Food security and nutrition affect people's quality of life.

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1.Form
2.Causation
3.Responsibility

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1. USAID
According to USAID, they already have shown the world their effort and responsibility to eliminate world hunger. Which USAID have 5 ways to eliminate food hunger that are improving agriculture to boost incomes, teaching shared responsibility for health and nutrition, empowering women in agriculture, managing natural resources and preparing for disasters, and meeting immediate needs.

2. World Food Programme have five steps to fight zero hunger:

1. Put the furthest behind first.
2. Pave the road from farm to the market.
3. Reduce food waste.
4. Encourage a sustainable variety of crops.
5. Make nutrition a priority, starting with a child’s first 1000 days.

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1.Food security
2.Nutrition
3.Starvation

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1. What food security and nutritious food are (form)
2. Factors that cause hunger/starvation and the impacts (causation)
3. People's efforts and responsibilities to eliminate hunger (responsibility)

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Appreciation: We appreciate people who have contributed to help end world hunger.

Commitment: Committed to help end hunger.

Confidence: We believe we can help spread awareness about hunger.

Cooperation: Working together harmoniously to help people with hunger.

Creativity: Being creative to approach problem about zero hunger.

Curiosity: We wonder about how do people in countries such as the ones in the continent of Africa eat.

Empathy: Imagining themselves in people with zero hunger's situation.

Enthusiasm: Enjoying and taking action in helping.

Independence: Thinking and acting to end hunger according to my own judgement.

Integrity: Demonstrating considered  sense of fairness that everyone should have equal privilege in getting food.

Respect: Respect people in need of food.

Tolerance: Being responsive to the needs of others.

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As my action and my concern for zero hunger, I share food to people in need

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As my action and my concern for zero hunger, I share food to people in need

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Ending world hunger is one of the greatest challenges of our times. Across the globe, up to 828 million people do not have enough food and 49 million people are facing emergency levels of hunger. Indeed, parts of Yemen, South Sudan, Ethiopia and Nigeria may be close to&nbsp

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Gizi buruk terus terjadi setiap tahun

IDN Times/Gregorius Aryodamar P

Jakarta, IDN Times - Busung lapar atau kekurangan gizi masih menjadi pekerjaan rumah bagi Pemerintah Indonesia. Sebab, masalah kesehatan juga dinilai berkaitan erat dengan faktor kemiskinan.

Kementerian Kesehatan telah mencanangkan Gerakan Masyarakat Hidup Sehat (Germas) dan program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), sementara Kementerian Sosial telah menjalankan Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) beserta pemberian bantuan sosial (bansos) lainnya untuk mengentaskan kemiskinan.

Lantas, bagaimana dampak program-program tersebut terhadap upaya meningkatkan kesejahteraan sosial?

Baca Juga: Anggaran Bansos Naik, Mensos: Perlu Data Kredibel agar Tak Menyimpang

1. Kasus kekurangan gizi masih terjadi

IDN Times/Imam Rosidin

Kendati angka kemiskinan dinyatakan turun dan intervensi kesehatan telah dilakukan, namun kasus kekurangan gizi masih terjadi. Tak hanya di daerah terpencil, kota besar pun tak luput dari kasus kekurangan gizi.

Sejak 2015 hingga 2016, Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bekasi mencatat sebanyak 194 balita didiagnosa medis menderita gizi buruk. Selain disebabkan pola pengasuhan yang salah, gizi buruk juga terjadi akibat infeksi penyakit dan minimnya ketersediaan pangan di tingkat rumah tangga.

Pada awal 2018, Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) Gizi Buruk dan Campak Suku Asmat Papua menjadi sorotan. Sebab, tercatat korban meninggal sebanyak 72 anak. Dari jumlah tersebut, 66 meninggal karena campak dan 6 lainnya karena gizi buruk.

Berdasarkan keterangan Direktur Jenderal Kesehatan Masyarakat Kemenkes RI Anung Sugihantono, KLB dipicu oleh minimnya aksesibilitas kesehatan dan pangan, minimnya pengetahuan masyarakat soal gizi, dan buruknya masalah sanitasi.

Selain itu, kendala utama penanganan wabah adalah kondisi medan yang sangat berat. Sulitnya akses jalan dan jarak tempuh menjadikan penanganan terkesan lambat.

Pada Agustus 2018, di Pulau Seram tercatat 170 jiwa yang dalam kondisi terancam kelaparan akibat gagal panen. Mereka terdiri dari 75 orang dewasa, 60 orang usia lanjut, dan 35 balita.

Kemudian di Asmat, Papua, sedikitnya 60 warga meninggal karena gizi kronis dan terserang penyakit campak.

Baru-baru ini, Intan Zahar (4), dilaporkan mengidap gizi buruk akut (marasmus) di Desa Kuala Keureto, Kecamatan Lapang, Kabupaten Aceh Utara. Ia pun dilarikan ke Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia untuk mendapatkan penanganan lebih lanjut.

2. Ada 3,8 persen balita di Indonesia mengalami gizi buruk

ANTARA FOTO/Aprillio Akbar

Berdasarkan data Pemantauan Status Gizi (PSG) 2017, prevalensi balita Indonesia yang mengalami gizi buruk sebesar 3,8 persen. Selain itu, balita yang mengalami gizi kurang sebanyak 14,0 persen. Sementara, gizi baik pada balita sebanyak 80,4 persen dan obesitas 1,8 persen. Data PSG tersebut diperoleh berdasarkan sampling terhadap 170 ribu balita di 514 kabupaten/kota.

Sebagai perbandingan, data PSG tahun 2016 yang juga dilakukan di 514 kabupaten/kota menyatakan 3,4 persen balita mengalami gizi buruk dan 14,4 persen mengalami gizi kurang. Kemudian, 23,4 persen balita berpotensi akan mengalami kegemukan dan gizi baik balita sebanyak 61,1 persen.

Namun, data Riskesdas 2018 menunjukkan adanya perbaikan status gizi pada balita di Indonesia. Proporsi status gizi sangat pendek dan pendek turun dari 37,2 persen (Riskesdas 2013) menjadi 30,8 persen. Demikian juga proporsi status gizi buruk dan gizi kurang turun dari 19,6 persen (Riskesdas 2013) menjadi 17,7 persen.

3. Ibu hamil dan balita masuk komponen PKH

ANTARA FOTO/Wahdi Septiawan

Guna menanggulangi masalah gizi buruk, Kementerian Sosial telah memasukkan ibu hamil dan anak di bawah lima tahun (balita) sebagai salah satu komponen bantuan sosial Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH). Sasaran tersebut diberikan agar ibu hamil dan balita bisa mendapatkan asupan gizi mencukupi.

Lanjutkan membaca artikel di bawah

Editor's picks

"Nominal intervensi yang diberikan pemerintah sejumlah Rp 1.890.000 yang diberikan dalam empat tahap selama satu tahun. Bantuan disalurkan secara nontunai," kata Direktur Jenderal Perlindungan dan Jaminan Sosial Kementerian Sosial, Harry Hikmat.

Bantuan tersebut tidak diberikan secara cuma-cuma, melainkan dengan sejumlah persyaratan yang harus dipenuhi. Harry menerangkan, Ibu-ibu hamil peserta PKH harus memenuhi kewajiban memeriksakan kehamilan minimal empat kali selama masa kehamilan.

"Pemeriksaan ini adalah upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah menurunkan angka kematian ibu dan bayi, termasuk didalamnya bayi stunting. Tujuannya agar ibu hamil dan bayi yang lahir nantinya sehat," kata Harry.

Sedangkan terhadap balita, imbuhnya, bertujuan agar si balita memperoleh imunisasi dan nutrisi yang sehat sebagai bekal tumbuh kembang anak.

4. Masih banyak kelompok adat terpencil belum diberdayakan

ANTARA Foto/Olha Mulalinda

Untuk masyarakat di daerah terpencil, Kemensos melakukan pemberdayaan melalui program Komunitas Adat Terpencil (KAT). Sesuai Peraturan Presiden Nomor 186 Tahun 2014 Pasal 9 yang menyebut pemberdayaan sosial terhadap KAT meliputi bidang permukiman, administrasi kependudukan, kehidupan beragama, kesehatan, pendidikan, ketahanan pangan, penyediaan akses, kesempatan kerja, penyediaan akses jalan, advokasi dan bantuan hukum, pelayanan sosial dan/atau lingkungan hidup, serta bidang lainnya sesuai kebutuhan KAT yang diselenggarakan oleh kementerian/lembaga terkait sesuai tugas dan fungsi.

Berdasarkan data dari Direktorat KAT, persebaran Warga KAT Tahun 2015--2019 adalah 150.192 KK, dengan Lokasi Habitat di dataran tinggi (daerah pegunungan), dataran rendah (rawa), pedalaman (daerah perbatasan), dan di atas pohon atau pemukiman berpencar.

Dari jumlah data persebaran tersebut, sebanyak 6.288 KK Warga KAT telah diberdayakan, dan 141.775 KK Warga KAT belum diberdayakan. Target pemberdayaan Warga KAT pada tahun 2018 sebanyak 2.099 KK yang berada di 22 Provinsi, 51 Kabupaten, 65 Kecamatan, 74 Desa, dan 92 Lokasi.

5. Pemerintah masih terkendala anggaran untuk pemberdayaan KAT

Dok. BNPB

Kasubdit Kerjasama Kelembagaan Evaluasi dan Pelaporan Direktorat Komunitas Adat Terpencil (KAT) Kemensos Laode Taufik Nuryadin menambahkan, target pemberdayaan KAT di Indonesia setiap tahun ada di 90 lokasi, namun anggaran yang tersedia hanya cukup untuk merekrut 20 pendamping KAT setiap tahun.

"Anggaran pemerintah tidak cukup untuk merekrut pendamping ke-90 lokasi itu, jadi bertahap. Tahun berikutnya kalau ada perkembangan bagus, kami akan coba lebih luas lagi," ujar Taufik kepada IDN Times.

Taufik menjelaskan, total APBN yang disediakan untuk pemberdayaan KAT 2018 sebesar Rp127 miliar. Sebanyak 80 persen digelontorkan ke pemerintah dalam bentuk tugas pembantuan.

"Dua puluh persennya ada di pemerintah pusat dan provinsi, itu untuk kegiatan yang sifatnya non fisik seperti rapat, pembekalan pendamping KAT, monitoring, dan sebagainya," tutur Taufik.

6. Anggaran PKH naik Rp34,4 triliun

ANTARA FOTO/Wahdi Septiawan

Namun demikian, pemerintah saat ini meningkatkan alokasi anggaran Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH), dari semula Rp19,2 trilliun pada tahun 2018, menjadi Rp34,4 trilliun pada 2019.

Menteri Sosial Agus Gumiwang Kartasasmita mengatakan, data yang diperbarui secara aktif dan kredibel sangat membantu ketepatan penyaluran bantuan sosial kepada target yang ditentukan. Hal itu akan memperkecil peluang terjadinya penyimpangan.

"Karena sejak awal memang sudah baik. Apalagi sekarang (indeks bantuan) PKH sudah nonflat sehingga tidak bisa dibikin-bikin," tuturnya.

Direktur Jenderal Perlindungan dan Jaminan Sosial Harry Hikmat mengatakan, penyaluran bantuan sosial Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) telah disesuaikan dengan arahan presiden yang semula setiap Februari menjadi Januari. Dengan demikian, tahap kedua akan disalurkan pada bulan April. Harry juga melaporkan realisasi penyaluran bansos PKH yang sudah mencapai 99,99 persen.

"Kami juga laporkan dampak PKH terhadap peningkatan pendapatan per kapita sampai 10 persen, meningkatkan konsumsi makan berprotein sampai 8 persen, mengurangi stunting sampai 27 persen, dan meningkatkan partisipasi sekolah sampai 98 persen," kata Harry.

Baca Juga: Kemensos Dorong Dinas Sosial Lebih Efektif Menyalurkan Bansos

Berita Terkini Lainnya

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Gizi Buruk Masih Terjadi, Bagaimana Peran Pemerintah?

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Gizi buruk terus terjadi setiap tahun IDN Times/Gregorius Aryodamar P Jakarta, IDN Times - Busung lapar atau kekurangan gizi masih menjadi pekerjaan rumah bagi Pemerintah Indonesia. Sebab, masalah kesehatan juga dinilai berkaitan erat dengan faktor kemiskinan.

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A bulging stomach. A boney frame. That's what many people imagine when they think about the impact of hunger on the body. And it's true, extreme hunger and malnourishment can have that effect.

Yet, hunger can also affect the mind and body in ways that are less visible but are just as devastating for the 35 million Americans facing hunger today.

Hunger Affects Your Mental Health

Facing hunger can be stressful. Constantly worrying about where your next meal will come from can cause mental health problems such as depression, anxiety and even posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The American Academy of Pediatrics revealed that mothers with school-aged children who face severe hunger are 56.2% more likely to have PTSD and 53.1% more likely to have severe depression. The inability to feed your loved ones can have traumatic effects on a person's mental health.

Hunger's Effects on Your Body Impact School Performance

It's hard to concentrate in school when you're hungry. Roaring stomachs cause children to be cranky, hyperactive, and aggressive. These behavioral issues can distract kids from their school work, leading to developmental delays and learning disabilities. Fifty percent of children facing hunger will need to repeat a grade. And the signs that a child is struggling with hunger can often be hard to spot.

Hunger Increases Your Risk of Chronic Diseases

According to the USDA, there is a strong connection between hunger and chronic diseases like high blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes. In fact, 58% of the households that receive food from the Feeding America network have one member with high blood pressure. And 33% have a member with diabetes.

We've all rushed out of the house without eating breakfast. And when 10 o'clock rolls around and your coffee cup is empty, focusing becomes difficult and your stomach starts voicing its opinion...yet it's too early for lunch!

But many Americans aren't just skipping breakfast. And the more meals they miss, the more severe hunger affects their minds and bodies.

Would you like to continue learning how hunger affects people around the country and within your community? Sign-up for our email newsletter.

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3 Devastating Effects of Hunger on the Body

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A bulging stomach. A boney frame. That's what many people imagine when they think about the impact of hunger on the body. And it's true, extreme hunger and malnourishment can have that effect. Yet, hunger can also affect the mind and body in ways that are less visible but are just as devastating for the 35 million Americans facing hunger today.

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This year's GHI brings us face-to-face with a grim reality: A toxic cocktail of conflict, climate change, and the COVID-19 pandemic has already left millions exposed to food price shocks and vulnerable to further crises. Now the conflict in Ukraine - with its ripple effects on global supplies of and prices for food, fertilizer, and fuel - is turning a crisis into a catastrophe.

As we face the third global food price crisis in 15 years, it is clearer than ever that our food systems in their current form are inadequate to the task of sustainably ending poverty and hunger. This is especially true in countries that face the highest rates of undernourishment, child wasting, , and child mortality due to malnutrition. Here, according to their 2022 Global Hunger Index rankings, are the world's 10 hungriest countries.

10. Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone's progress on the Global Hunger Index illustrates the long-term impacts of hunger and conflict . In 2000, the country was in the final years of a decade-long civil war. Its GHI score that year was second only to Angola. While peace was declared in January of 2002, the lingering effects of conflict are felt in food systems and - most importantly - families most vulnerable to food shortages and high inflation.

There have been ongoing challenges to progress since then: Sierra Leone was at the epicenter of the 2014-16 West African Ebola virus epidemic. One year later, it had the highest maternal mortality rates in the world. The COVID-19 pandemic was another hit to the country's economy, shrinking growth to -2% in 2020. A rebound in 2021 was shortly-lived as the conflict in Ukraine has once again led to inflation - with high costs impacting some of life's most basic necessities.

A country entirely surrounded by South Africa, Lesotho has lost progress towards Zero Hunger, reverting to a GHI score comparable to its 2000 rating. Part of the issue here is climate change and agriculture. Lesotho is a mountainous terrain, with only 10% of its land suited to farming. However, approximately 45% of Basotho work in agriculture. In rural parts of the country, as many as 70% of residents are engaged in subsistence farming.

Over the last three decades, however, the weather has become less reliable with failed rains and frequent droughts. This year was an especially poor harvest, bookended by a long hungry season, due to rain-induced flooding in January and February that decimated crops. This not only deprives people of their primary source of food, it also lowers incomes and raises food prices. The World Food Program estimates that rural Basotho spend 45% of their income on food.

Much like neighboring Sierra Leone, Liberia suffered a 14-year-long civil war, which ended in 2003. A decade later, it was hit by the world's largest Ebola epidemic. One of the biggest challenges facing Liberians today is hunger and malnutrition, enabled in part by these events from recent history.

While many farms in Liberia have good conditions and soil for growing rich harvests, they often lie fallow due to a limited availability of equipment and supplies. The country is therefore dependent on imported staples, which have risen in cost in recent years due to the pandemic. With over 50% of Liberians living below the poverty line of $1.90 per day, this has created a dire situation.

Niger was excluded from recent Global Hunger Indexes due to insufficient data, but estimated to be somewhere among the top ten hungriest countries for that year. We now see it in 2022 as the seventh hungriest country in the world. In the first 15 years of the 21st century, the country made significant progress towards addressing malnutrition, but that progress has slowed in the last seven years.

The current fragile environment owes much to growing desertification, a struggling economy, and the presence of many non-state armed groups along its borders (which are shared with seven neighboring countries). Despite these challenges, community groups have come together for several initiatives and projects to address some of the challenges facing food systems in Niger, supported by the High Commission for Nigeriens Nourishing Nigeriens. Activities include providing nutritionally-fortified flour at affordable prices and consistent quality and identifying areas of action for local policymakers to pursue.

In 2022, 45% of Haiti faces acute food insecurity. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization and World Food Program, this places it among the top five highest food-security crises in the world. Currently, the number of Haitians projected to fall into IPC 4 - the category of hunger one step removed from - is 1.3 million. That's more than , and not far off the figure for Somalia.

As recently as the 1980s the country was largely self-sufficient in terms of food. That changed with a set of aggressive American trade policies introduced in the 1990s. Today, an ongoing humanitarian crisis in Haiti , combined with commodity shortages, climate change, and even the conflict in Ukraine, has created an increasingly desperate situation for Haitians.
Before we get to Number 5...
A number of countries are not included on the 2022 Global Hunger Index, due to insufficient data to support calculating their GHI scores (this includes some countries that have appeared on past versions of the world's 10 hungriest countries). Based on available data, however, we estimate that the following countries would rank somewhere between Haiti and Chad in terms of hunger levels: Guinea, Mozambique, Uganda, and Zimbabwe.

Ranked as the hungriest country in 2020, Chad is frequently at the bottom of the Global Hunger Index. Conflict and climate change have formed a deadly partnership in the country, especially when it comes to hunger and malnutrition rates. Chad is also a major host community for those fleeing conflict and instability in neighboring countries. Getting adequate food and nutrition is a major challenge for the half a million refugees living in some of the most climate-worn parts of the country.

While we've seen some progress overall in ending hunger since 2000, Chad is also one of several countries where child stunting levels have either increased or stagnated. (Also facing similar challenges are parts of Afghanistan , Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, and .)

4. Democratic Republic of Congo

In terms of food security, the Democratic Republic of Congo was hit especially hard by the COVID-19 pandemic. Between 2020 and 2021, the number of people facing hunger jumped by 20%. Historically, Concern and Welthungerhilfe have faced challenges with getting a complete picture of hunger in the DRC . However, last year we were able to include it on our GHI rankings for the first time in years. Then, it placed as the fifth hungriest country in the world. Now it's the fourth.

The DRC continues to be at the center of the biggest food security crisis in the world, one that's affected 27 million people. This is fuelled by conflict, climate change, and a protracted economic crisis that has left 72% of the country's population living below the poverty line.

3. Madagascar

We're losing progress in the fight against hunger in Madagascar. Nearly half of the country's population (48.5%) was undernourished between 2019 and 2021. This is the second-highest malnutrition rate in this year's report (see #2 for the highest). The effects of hunger here have led to nearly 40% of all children being stunted and 7.7% of children experiencing wasting. The child mortality rate is an alarming 5%.

One deadly partnership in Madagascar is climate change and hunger . The country's southern region faces recurring droughts, including one that began in 2019 whose impacts are expected to last until the end of this year. At the beginning of 2022, it was also hit hard by Cyclones Emnati and Batsirai, which devastated extensive tracts of land and crops (as well as causing losses of lives, assets, and livelihoods).

2. Central African Republic

2022 marks the tenth anniversary of a widespread humanitarian crisis in the Central African Republic . Bouts of sectarian violence have displaced one out of every four Central Africans and led to rising rates of hunger and malnutrition.

"It's incredibly challenging because when people need to move to escape the violence, they may lose access to their lands," says Pauline Carron, who works with Concern Worldwide and was in CAR at the end of last year during an intense escalation of violence. "If they can come back, they might have lost what they've grown, and if they missed the harvest season, they're into the lean season without any food reserves. It's very difficult to survive if they don't have their own food."

We can see how this latest crisis has affected hunger in the Central African Republic: Between 2000 and 20014, there was sustainable progress in lowering the country's GHI score through work that addressed food insecurity and malnutrition. Between 2014 and 2022, however, we can see that progress has stalled.

Yemen is at the center of one of the world's worst humanitarian crises , suffering from conflict within its own borders as well as the effects of conflict elsewhere. Since the start of the Yemeni Civil War in 2014, poverty has increased dramatically and the country's economy has been crippled. Devastated public health and water and sanitation systems have also led to high case numbers of cholera, measles, and polio (among others). This makes malnutrition an even more deadly condition.

One of the issues that has made Yemen the world's hungriest country for 2022 is its dependence on food imports. Even before the onset of conflict - and a resulting humanitarian crisis - in Ukraine, food prices in Yemen were on the rise due to the depreciation of the and rising fuel costs. However, its particular dependency on Russia and Ukraine for wheat has furthered levels of food insecurity and pushed the prices of basic goods even further out of reach.

The world's hungriest countries: What we're missing

As noted above, there are many countries where hunger is widespread but where data is insufficient to properly rank them on the Global Hunger Index. In 2022, several countries rank around Yemen in terms of hunger levels. They include , , South Sudan , and .

Learn more about the hunger crisis in South Sudan , as well as how Concern adapted its award-winning CMAM program to address both hunger and the realities of COVID-19 in South Sudan .

Thanks to early warning and early action, drought-plagued Somalia avoided a famine in 2017 . However, Somalians have been hit hard by the Horn of Africa Crisis , which comes on top of what's best described as a cycle of crisis in the country. As of this writing, famine has yet to be declared in Somalia, but 7.8 million people are facing hunger due to the current drought. As Concern Somalia Country Director Abdi Rashid Haji-Nur put it: "Where drought leads, hunger is never far behind."

The Global Hunger Index and Concern's work to end hunger

Measuring hunger is complicated. But if we are going to get to Zero Hunger, then we need to have some way of measuring progress. Since 2006, Concern has partnered with the International Food and Policy Research Institute and Welthungerhilfe to assess the progress and setbacks in ending hunger. The Global Hunger Index (GHI) has received several national and international awards. In 2013, it received Gold in the BCP, Europe's largest award for corporate media. It was recognized as setting the standard for reports in the nonprofit sector thanks to its credible, authentic information presented in a way that can be understood by all audiences.

For most of our 50+ years as an organization, Concern has led the way with standard-setting programs that strengthen local health systems and provide quality nutrition support and education to the world's most vulnerable communities.

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This year's GHI brings us face-to-face with a grim reality: A toxic cocktail of conflict, climate change, and the COVID-19 pandemic has already left millions exposed to food price shocks and vulnerable to further crises. Now the conflict in Ukraine - with its ripple effects on global supplies of and prices for food, fertilizer, and fuel - is turning a crisis into a catastrophe.

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Try to read this Alzam

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Compromises and coping strategies

The median annual income for households served by the Feeding America network is $9,175. In our 2014 Hunger in America study, the people we serve told us about the choices they face due to limited resources:

They also told us about the many ways they stretch their food budget or work to supplement it:

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Hunger & Food Insecurity in America | Feeding America

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The median annual income for households served by the Feeding America network is $9,175.

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World hunger is on the rise. Today, nearly one in 10 people around the world suffer from hunger.

The solution to combatting hunger seems simple - get food to people in need when they need it. And while we have answered the call time and time again in response to crises and humanitarian need, supporting food security requires much more than filling people's bellies.

Food security exists when people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to adequate and nutritious food so they can live healthy and productive lives. When individuals and families have access to food, are educated about nutrition and how to be healthy, and can grow more crops and sell more harvests, they can be self-sufficient and resilient to future crises.

We can combat global hunger and malnutrition, but it takes a holistic approach to ensure long-lasting impact. Here are five ways USAID, through efforts like Food for Peace and Feed the Future, is investing in agriculture and food security to end hunger.
1. Improving agriculture to boost incomes
The extreme poor often rely on farming for their livelihoods. However, many smallholder farmers live far from markets where they can make a profit selling their crops. They face challenges like lack of access to credit, resources, and skills needed to improve their harvest.

To ensure farmers are connected to economic opportunities through agriculture, we work with our partners - from the private sector to universities and civil society organizations - to help smallholders get the support, know-how, and access they need to be successful.

For example, in Kenya, smallholder farmers who previously couldn't compete with larger growers have boosted their crop production, minimized post-harvest losses, and connected to markets with skills gained from USAID. Some are even selling their surplus crops to the UN World Food Program to help feed other communities in drought-prone areas.

Through Feed the Future, in particular, we're helping developing countries build stronger food systems that provide opportunities for rural communities - from farms to markets to tables - by investing in agriculture and bringing partners together.
2. Teaching shared responsibility for health and nutrition
Educating people on proper nutrition, sanitation and hygiene so they stay healthy is crucial to addressing food insecurity. For example, lack of safe drinking water and poor sanitation and hygiene can lead to waterborne diseases and chronic intestinal infections, robbing children of their potential and keeping farmers from tending to their fields.

Health and nutrition efforts take root when people adopt the right behaviors, such as washing their hands before preparing food. Trainings can empower all household members to share in these responsibilities. In some communities, this has changed the social dynamics in a family, making the distribution of household duties more equitable between men and women.

For example, in Zimbabwe a forward-thinking group of men now collect water for the family - traditionally a woman's role. They have constructed latrines and handwashing stations, and are training others on proper handwashing and the need to use soap or ash in addition to water.
3. Empowering women in agriculture
Likewise in Uganda, where men typically raise livestock and keep the sales, women are challenging traditional gender roles by learning goat herding skills and generating incomes themselves.

Empowering women to start businesses can help ensure their families earn enough money to put food on the table. In Haiti, female farmers who were once chronically food insecure can now feed their families, expand their businesses and save for their children's futures. In Senegal, rural women are getting the tools they need with USAID's help to grow, share, and sell more nutritious food for better health and extra profit.
4. Managing natural resources and preparing for disasters
For communities that rely on natural resources for their income, learning about sustainable resource management is vital. Years of poor management - such as overgrazing by livestock - can degrade farmland, making it difficult for farmers to earn a living.

We also educate communities on the impacts of natural disasters and how to prepare for them.

In Malawi and Ethiopia, we equip farmers and pastoralists with tools and opportunities that help their communities build resilience so they can better withstand crises such as droughts. Helping vulnerable people build resilience to crises is vital to addressing poverty and hunger.
5. Meeting Immediate Needs
We also provide humanitarian assistance to communities in crisis. In emergency situations, such as the aftermath of a natural disaster, we meet the immediate food and nutrition needs of communities through in-kind food, cash transfers or food vouchers.

In Sierra Leone, we helped families get back on their feet after Ebola by providing cash transfers so mothers could buy food for their families. These moms also had an opportunity to join community savings groups, allowing them to start small businesses and farms - and get a head start on a more hopeful future.
About the Authors: Beth Dunford is Assistant to the Administrator in USAID's Bureau for Food Security and Deputy Coordinator for Development for Feed the Future, the U.S. Government's global hunger and food security initiative. Matthew Nims is Acting Director of USAID's Office of Food for Peace.

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5 Ways USAID Is Helping to End World Hunger - World

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World hunger is on the rise. Today, nearly one in 10 people around the world suffer from hunger. The solution to combatting hunger seems simple - get food to people in need when they need it. And while we have answered the call time and time again in response to crises and humanitarian need, supporting food security requires much more than filling people's bellies.

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The immediate causes of malnutrition in a child rely on underlying factors in her family and community. These, in turn, depend on basic factors at the national level functioning effectively.

Some of the basic causes of hunger are societal, such as:

Poverty:

When people are in a state of poverty, they lack the resources to cover their basic needs such as food, water, and shelter.

Conflict:

Conflict often uproots people from their homes and land, so food production dwindles or stops completely. Conflict also disrupts economies, so markets become unstable. This leaves people who are already vulnerable more susceptible to malnutrition.

Gender Inequality:

Though women produce the majority of food in developing countries and are typically the primary caregivers for children, gender inequality in societies leads to a higher malnutrition rate among women and girls.

► Join the fight against hunger.

Other causes of hunger are environmental, such as:

Seasonal Changes:

For people who live in rural areas and rely on farming and livestock for food and income, seasonal changes in climate, along with food prices and availability, affect hunger. This results in annual cycles of hunger, known as the "hunger season," that are devastating.

Natural Disasters:

Much like conflict, natural disasters can destroy homes, land, jobs, and markets. Until communities can be rebuilt, people affected by natural disasters are at greater risk for malnutrition. Climate change plays a role in increasing natural disasters.

Lack of Access to Safe Water:

Unsafe or scarce water creates and exacerbates malnutrition. Without access to safe water, crops can't grow properly, and people can't survive or stay healthy.

If any of these basic or underlying factors are missing or not working properly, it's more likely to trigger immediate issues that increase the risk of malnutrition.

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The immediate causes of malnutrition in a child rely on underlying factors in her family and community. These, in turn, depend on basic factors at the national level functioning effectively. Some of the basic causes of hunger are societal, such as: Poverty: When people are in a state of poverty, they lack the resources to cover their basic needs such as food, water, and shelter.

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List down possible actions:
- poster
- video
- campaign
- donate food

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Paraphrase relevant information

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1. What has the PYPX journey taught you?
2. What insights do you hope the audience will get from your PYPX presentation?

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Put the resources you use to research

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An inquiry into rights and responsibilities in the struggle to share finite resources with other people and with other living things; communities and the relationships within and between them; access to equal opportunities; peace and conflict resolution. (highlight the chosen phrase)

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ROME/ NEW YORK, 11 September 2018 - New evidence continues to signal that the number of hungry people in the world is growing, reaching 821 million in 2017 or one in every nine people, according to The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018 released today. Limited progress is also being made in addressing the multiple forms of malnutrition, ranging from child stunting to adult obesity, putting the health of hundreds of millions of people at risk.

Hunger has been on the rise over the past three years, returning to levels from a decade ago. This reversal in progress sends a clear warning that more must be done and urgently if the Sustainable Development Goal of Zero Hunger is to be achieved by 2030.

The situation is worsening in South America and most regions of Africa, while the decreasing trend in undernourishment that characterized Asia seems to be slowing down significantly.

The annual UN report found that climate variability affecting rainfall patterns and agricultural seasons, and climate extremes such as droughts and floods, are among the key drivers behind the rise in hunger, together with conflict and economic slowdowns.

"The alarming signs of increasing food insecurity and high levels of different forms of malnutrition are a clear warning that there is considerable work to be done to make sure we 'leave no one behind' on the road towards achieving the SDG goals on food security and improved nutrition," the heads of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF), the World Food Programme (WFP) and the World Health Organization (WHO) warned in their joint foreword to the report.

"If we are to achieve a world without hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030, it is imperative that we accelerate and scale up actions to strengthen the resilience and adaptive capacity of food systems and people's livelihoods in response to climate variability and extremes," the leaders said.
The impact of climate variability and extremes on hunger
Changes in climate are already undermining production of major crops such as wheat, rice and maize in tropical and temperate regions and, without building climate resilience, this is expected to worsen as temperatures increase and become more extreme.

Analysis in the report shows that the prevalence and number of undernourished people tend to be higher in countries highly exposed to climate extremes. Undernourishment is higher again when exposure to climate extremes is compounded by a high proportion of the population depending on agricultural systems that are highly sensitive to rainfall and temperature variability.

Temperature anomalies over agricultural cropping areas continued to be higher than the long-term mean throughout 2011-2016, leading to more frequent spells of extreme heat in the last five years. The nature of rainfall seasons is also changing, such as the late or early start of rainy seasons and the unequal distribution of rainfall within a season.

The harm to agricultural production contributes to shortfalls in food availability, with knock-on effects causing food price hikes and income losses that reduce people's access to food.
Slow progress on ending all forms of malnutrition
Poor progress has been made in reducing child stunting, the report says, with nearly 151 million children aged under five too short for their age due to malnutrition in 2017, compared to 165 million in 2012. Globally, Africa and Asia accounted for 39 percent and 55 percent of all stunted children, respectively.

Prevalence of child wasting remains extremely high in Asia where almost one in 10 children under five has low weight for their height, compared to just one in 100 in Latin America and the Caribbean.

The report describes as "shameful" the fact that one in three women of reproductive age globally is affected by anaemia, which has significant health and development consequences for both women and their children. No region has shown a decline in anaemia among women of reproductive age, and the prevalence in Africa and Asia is nearly three times higher than in North America.

Rates of exclusive breastfeeding in Africa and Asia are 1.5 times higher than those in North America where only 26 percent of infants under six months receive breastmilk exclusively.
The other side of hunger: obesity on the rise
Adult obesity is worsening, and more than one in eight adults in the world is obese. The problem is most significant in North America, but Africa and Asia are also experiencing an upward trend, the report shows.

Undernutrition and obesity coexist in many countries, and can even be seen side by side in the same household. Poor access to nutritious food due to its higher cost, the stress of living with food insecurity, and physiological adaptations to food deprivation help explain why food-insecure families may have a higher risk of overweight and obesity.
Call for action
The report calls for implementing and scaling up interventions aimed at guaranteeing access to nutritious foods and breaking the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition. Policies must pay special attention to groups who are the most vulnerable to the harmful consequences of poor food access: infants, children aged under five, school-aged children, adolescent girls, and women.

At the same time, a sustainable shift must be made towards nutrition-sensitive agriculture and food systems that can provide safe and high-quality food for all.

The report also calls for greater efforts to build climate resilience through policies that promote climate change adaptation and mitigation, and disaster risk reduction.
Key facts and figures
* Number of hungry people in the world in 2017: 821 million or 1 in every 9 people
* in Asia: 515 million
* in Africa: 256.5 million
* in Latin America and the Caribbean: 39 million
* Children under 5 affected by stunting (low height-for-age): 150.8 million (22.2%)
* Children under 5 affected by wasting (low weight-for-height): 50.5 million (7.5%)
* Children under 5 who are overweight (high weight-for-height): 38.3 million (5.6%)
* Percentage of women of reproductive age affected by anaemia: 32.8%
* Percentage of infants aged below 6 months who were exclusively breastfed: 40.7%
* Adults who are obese: 672 million (13% or 1 in 8 adults)

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Note to editors
The heads of agencies issuing today's report are: José Graziano da Silva, Director-General of FAO; Gilbert F. Houngbo, President of IFAD; Henrietta H. Fore, Executive Director of UNICEF; David Beasley, Executive Director of WFP; and Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of WHO.

The report is part of tracking progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 2-Zero Hunger, which aims to end hunger, promote food security and end all forms of malnutrition by 2030. The report also tracks progress on six of the seven World Health Assembly global nutrition targets.

Last year's report observed that three factors are behind the recent rise in hunger: conflict, climate and economic slowdowns, and provided an in-depth study of the role of conflict. This year's report focuses on the role of climate variability and extremes to explain the observed trends in food security. The attribution of climate variations and extremes to climate change is beyond the scope of this report.

ENDS

Contacts
Zoie Jones, FAO Rome, +39 06 570 56309, +39 331 431 0003, Zoie.Jones@FAO.org
Katie Taft, IFAD, +39 334 608 3657 (Rome), k.taft@ifad.org
Sabrina Sidhu, UNICEF New York, +1 9174761537, ssidhu@unicef.org
Frances Kennedy, WFP Rome, +39 346 7600806, Frances.Kennedy@wfp.org
Fadela Chaib, WHO Geneva, +41 22 791 3228, +41 79 475 5556 , chaibf@who.int

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Global hunger continues to rise, new UN report says

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ROME/ NEW YORK, 11 September 2018 - New evidence continues to signal that the number of hungry people in the world is growing, reaching 821 million in 2017 or one in every nine people, according to The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018 released today.

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List down possible guest speakers to be invited/interviewed

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Efforts from several governments

1. Indonesia: Distribution of social assistance for the Family Hope Program (PKH), the total APBN provided for KAT 2018 empowerment is IDR 127 billion. As much as 80 percent is disbursed to the government in the form of assistance tasks.

2. Ethiopia: With the increase in economic growth so that it becomes a prosperous country.

3. China: Economic strength by opening the country to investment and capital ownership to become an industrialised country.

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Social skills: I can work together with others to solve problems and make decision.

Research skills: I can gather information to answer a question and I can share my findings with others.

Thinking skills: I can think about and use information in different ways.

Communication skills: I can listen to others and share my ideas.

Self-Management skills: I can be healthy and safe and I can follow the rules.

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Paraphrase relevant information

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Food security occurs when everyone gets food in accordance with their nutritional needs so they can do their daily activity and healthy.

Food nutrition is divided into 2 types which is adults and children under 2 years old.
The nutrients composition of adults need to be balance between protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, water and mineral. For children under 2 years old need to be supplied by mother nutrition with is exclusive breastfed. Infants aged 6 months to 2 years drink breast milk.

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According to Action Against hunger website, factors that cause food hunger are poverty, violence and conflict, gender inequality, political instability, seasonal changes, natural disasters, lack of access to safe water and pandemic situation.

The impacts can be seen in several areas:
1. Education
Children can't learn properly because they innately hunger, repeat a grade in elementary school, experience developmental impairments in areas like language and motor skills, have more social and behavioral problems.

2. Health
There is a strong connection between hunger and chronic diseases like high blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes. Hunger can affect mental health too. Facing hunger can be stressful. Worrying about where the next meal will come from can cause mental health problems such as depression and anxiety.

3. Social:
Hunger can also trigger conflicts and the rise of criminal actions.

4. Economy
Migration: people move to other places, to get better living.

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For adults
A healthy diet includes the following:

Fruit, vegetables, legumes (e.g. lentils and beans), nuts and whole grains (e.g. unprocessed maize, millet, oats, wheat and brown rice).

At least 400 g (i.e. five portions) of fruit and vegetables per day (2), excluding potatoes, sweet potatoes, cassava and other starchy roots.

Less than 10% of total energy intake from free sugars (2, 7), which is equivalent to 50 g (or about 12 level teaspoons) for a person of healthy body weight consuming about 2000 calories per day, but ideally is less than 5% of total energy intake for additional health benefits (7). Free sugars are all sugars added to foods or drinks by the manufacturer, cook or consumer, as well as sugars naturally present in honey, syrups, fruit juices and fruit juice concentrates.

Less than 30% of total energy intake from fats (1, 2, 3). Unsaturated fats (found in fish, avocado and nuts, and in sunflower, soybean, canola and olive oils) are preferable to saturated fats (found in fatty meat, butter, palm and coconut oil, cream, cheese, ghee and lard) and trans-fats of all kinds, including both industrially-produced trans-fats (found in baked and fried foods, and pre-packaged snacks and foods, such as frozen pizza, pies, cookies, biscuits, wafers, and cooking oils and spreads) and ruminant trans-fats (found in meat and dairy foods from ruminant animals, such as cows, sheep, goats and camels). It is suggested that the intake of saturated fats be reduced to less than 10% of total energy intake and trans-fats to less than 1% of total energy intake (5). In particular, industrially-produced trans-fats are not part of a healthy diet and should be avoided (4, 6).

Less than 5  g of salt (equivalent to about one teaspoon) per day (8).  Salt should be iodized.

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For infants and young children

In the first 2 years of a child’s life, optimal nutrition fosters healthy growth and improves cognitive development. It also reduces the risk of becoming overweight or obese and developing NCDs later in life.

Advice on a healthy diet for infants and children is similar to that for adults, but the following elements are also important:

Infants should be breastfed exclusively during the first 6 months of life.

Infants should be breastfed continuously until 2 years of age and beyond.

From 6 months of age, breast milk should be complemented with a variety of adequate, safe and nutrient-dense foods. Salt and sugars should not be added to complementary foods.

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Amazingly Simple Graphic Design Software - Canva

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Amazingly Simple Graphic Design Software - Canva

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1. Share food and help people in distress and hunger.
2. I hope people can learn from my presentation. Don't waste food, help people in need, share food with hungry people, etc.

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Visit the link below and share your comments. Thank you!

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Visit the link below and share your comments. Thank you!