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The Cuban Missile Crisis was 13 days long. It was a political and military confrontation caused by the installation of Nuclear Weapons by the Soviet Union in Cuba. In 1962, President Kennedy announced the location of the missiles being created by the Soviet Union, as well as his decision construct a naval blockade around Cuba. The installation of a naval blockade demonstrated how the U.S. was ready to take military action. After lots of deliberation between the two nations, they eventually came to a mutual agreement. President Kennedy agreed with Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev to not invade Cuba, provided the Soviet Union removed their nuclear weapons from Cuba. Later, the removal of U.S. missiles in Turkey became part of the deal. On October 28, the Cuban missile crisis finally ended.

The Soviet Union has 80% responsibility for this action since their leader decided to place the missiles in Cuba, however, the U.S created a blockade and demanded that the Soviets remove their missiles in turn makes the US have 20% responsibility. This stemmed a growing tension between the two nations. The Soviets also used the Cuban Missile Crisis as an opportunity to show off the prowess of their military.

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The Marshall Plan was initiated on June 3, 1948. The main initiative of the plan was to financially aid (over 13 billion dollars ) Western European nations after the end of WWII. Within this plan, money was distributed on a per capita basis, with special focus on nations that were allies to the US. The plan was ultimately successful because it was very instrumental in rebuilding Europe (mainly Western Europe) (US  90 USSR 10)

The United States was 90% responsible for the Marshall Plan because the plan was conceived and carried out by the US.  The USSR receives 10% responsibility, however, because their influence and attempts to spread communism led the US to institute the plan. This plan shows that the United States was ready to help other nations combat communism and combat the Soviets without using the military or a "hand to hand" combat war.

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When Fidel Castro took control over the Cuban government, the United States, specifically the CIA and the State Department attempted to remove Castro from authority. In April of 1961, the CIA attacked. The attacked involved an invasion run by 1,400 Cubans trained by Americans who were affected by Castro's rule. Although they attempted to bomb Cuban airfields, Castro had heard about the raid prior to the moment of the attack, so he managed to hide the planes. A couple days later, the Cubans invaded the southern shore of Cuba, otherwise known as the Bay of Pigs. Though a valiant effort, Castro's soldiers quickly contained the situation. Over 1,000 soldiers were taken prisoner, and 114 were killed.

This set the stage for the Cuban Missile Crisis, and most likely led to the Soviets increasing their support for Castro militarily. The US takes 80% responsibility, being that it was an invasion led by the CIA. The USSR gets 20% because Cuba was an ally to the USSR, which was a justification to why Kennedy wanted to remove Castro in the first place.

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The purpose of the Truman Doctrine was to combat the Soviet Union's geopolitical expansion during the Cold War era. Announced on March 12, 1947, this piece of American foreign policy was introduced by President Harry S. Truman, and it involved little American military involvement. Instead, the legislature involved financial and resource aid to countries such as Greece and Turkey, as well as all other countries adversely affected by Soviet expansion and politics. Truman's main purpose for enforcing the Doctrine, as he said, "it must be the policy of the United States to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." (add more if the textbook has more/better information)

The reason we believe that the Soviet Union was completely responsible for the enforcement of the Truman Doctrine is because of their strong intent to geopolitically expand as much as possible. Greece and Turkey are clear examples of how the Soviet Union's actions were unjust and needed to be contained.

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The Yalta Conference took place on February 4-11, 1945. The intent of the conference was to reform the European nations that were damaged after the war. Additionally, the three nations at the conference aimed to construct a feeling of peace that granted self-determination to the population post Nazi-era. The main outcome of the conference was that the "Big Three" (U.S.A., Great Britain, Soviet Union) all agreed that it was imperative that the unconditional surrender of Germany was the top priority. This also entailed Germany's immediate demilitarization and denazification. (add more if the textbook has better/more information) ( 50% Soviet Union 50% USA)

The reason we believe both the U.S. and Soviet Union were equally responsible for the Yalta Conference is due to the roles they played in WWII. They both contributed to the wreckage and rise of Nazi Germany. (no idea if this is right/makes sense revise later)

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Sputnik was the catalyst for the Cold War. Sputnik was the first ever attempt, by any nation. It was one of the defining moments that sparked the "space race". We believe that the USSR was motivated to beat the americans to have a piece of machinery being launched to space. Even though many may believe that the United States did not play a big role in the soviet union launching sputnik, the United States was the reason why the Soviet Union wanted to launch sputnik. The competition to "whom could get to space first" was started. Whoever dominated space, would be the superior powerhouse nation. After Sputnik was launched on October 27th 1957, the United States responded with the launch of the Explorer, launched on January 31st 1958.

The Soviet Union was largely responsible for launching Sputnik since the original purpose of the satellite was to study earth and the solar system. However, the United States believed the satellite would be used for other reasons such as gathering United States intelligence and other private information. The United States also felt threatened that the USSR had technology that seemed to be lightyears ahead of the United State's technology. The United States started to invest more money into NASA, the United States space program, in order to develop satellites and eventually, create more opportunities to travel into space.

Thus we gave the USSR 80% responsibility for this event and 20% responsibility for the Americans. (US 20 USSR 80)

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This war was a proxy war fought by America in order to contain communism. Beginning in 1955, President Eisenhower declared his support for South Vietnam. Shortly after, America began to supply South Vietnam with weapons and training, and everything else they needed to combat the threatening communist regime. In 1965, since tensions were rapidly rising in Vietnam, Congress granted President Lyndon B. Johnson to begin regular bombings on Northern Vietnam, which was known as Operation Rolling Thunder. Later in 1965, American soldiers were sent to Southern Vietnam to aid their struggling army. The American troops left in 1973, and in 1976, Vietnam became the collective Socialist Republic of Vietnam. (US 80 USSR 20)

The United States at this stime started to bring aid to Vietnam in hopes of eliminating communism in Vietnam.  The US intervened in to aid South Vietnam against Soviet-allied Northern Vietnam, and thus the US is given the majority (80%) of responsibility when compared to the Soviets and their communist support (20%).  Although the United States’ loss in Vietnam was a huge debt to the US in the Cold War, the Cold War was not changed by the results in Vietnam.  The US was worried about the “Rippling Effect,” in which the US believed that a communist victory in one nation would cause communist takeovers in nearby states.

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The U2 Spy plane was a plane specially designed by the United States government to spy on the soviets. The U2 spy plane would fly at an altitude of 70,000 feet which the United States thought would be undetected by the Soviets. The only mission the pilots of the U2 had were to take pictures of the soviets bomb camps and suspected nuclear weapons development test sites, and not to get captured. However, one pilot by the name of Francis Gary Powers got shot down while gathering intelligence when he got shot down by the USSR in 1960.

The events that occurred are 50% America’s fault and 50% the Soviet Union’s. Simply, America was at fault for flying spy planes over USSR territory, violating international law. Thus, since the USSR had some justification to shooting down the U2 Spy plane in order to protect their own nation. However, when the Soviet spy was captured on US soil the USSR had no right to send spies into the United States and the US had the right to defend themselves. We deduced that both countries are equally responsible for the events that occurred since both countries used self defense as a justification for their respective actions.

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The Warsaw Pact was created on May 14, 1955. The purpose of the treaty was to put the Soviets in command of the member states. The treaty provided a feeling of unity, and also established that should any of the member states be attacked, a defensive response from the Soviet Union would be warranted. Marshal Ivan S. Konev of the Soviet Union was in charge of administering the unified military powers. This organization was created as a response to the formation of NATO and the Republic of Germany. The Warsaw Treaty Organization  was formed by the Soviets so they could contain West Germany and deal with NATO.

The Soviets were 80% responsible for this event while the United States is 20% responsible. The Soviets simply established this treaty out of fear of the United States. Thus, in order to seem more powerful, the USSR signed the Warsaw Pact. The USSR made a decision based off fear and a sense of inferiority which made the USSR have a sense of safety.

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The first military action of the entire Cold War happened on June 25, 1950. 75,000 North Korean soldiers crossed the line that separated the Soviet controlled People's Republic of Korea in the north and the People's Republic of Korea in the south. The United States decided to send troops to Korea in order to halt the communist movement. The fighting ceased around July 1953.

The Korean War received 80% responsibility from the USSR and 20% responsibility from the U.S.  This is because the Communist and Soviet-supported North (Northern part of Korea) sparked the fighting between the two nations.  America was an advocate for peace in an attempt to prevent the spread of Communism in the east.  Tensions between the U.S. and Soviets were at its peak.

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Following the end of WW2, Germany was divided up between Great Britain, America, France, and the Soviet Union. Similarly, Berlin (German capital), was also split. West Berlin belonged to the Allies, and East Berlin belonged to the Soviet Union. Stalin allowed the Allies to send supplies to their side of the city through a single road. When tensions rose between the two nations during the Cold War, Stalin cut off that road. This angered the Allies, and they eventually started to use planes to fly fuel and food into their side of the city. This went on for nearly a year, and Stalin ended up opening the road in May of 1949. (US 10 USSR 90)

The reason why the Soviet Union is 90% responsible for the Berlin Airlift is since it was the USSR's decision to eliminate the United State's ground access to Berlin, which forced the United States to have airlifts. The Soviets were provoking the United States and the USSR initially denied access in hopes of eliminating the allies and gaining control over all of Berlin.  On the other hand, the US receives 10% responsibility since they executed the airlifts and used allied resources to prevent the Soviets from gaining territory.

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The Potsdam Conference was held from July 17 1945 to August 2 1945. Similar to the Yalta Conference, this meeting between Stalin, Churchill, and Truman discussed how best to deal with officially ending Nazi Germany. Nine weeks earlier, Germany had agreed to an unconditional surrender. However the goals of this conference included: how to administer surrendered Germany, peace treaty issues, and overcoming the effects of the war. Notable outcomes from this conference included the fact that Nazi war criminals would now be put to trial.

The responsibility for this event is 50% US and 50% Soviet Union because Truman and Stalin were present and participated in negotiations at the conference. We could see that even though Conflict would come later as the US and Soviets tried to maintain power over one another, the events that occurred at the Potsdam Conference were brought back to the spotlight.

50% 50%