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Missouri became a slave state, as Maine became a free state. A line was drawn between the 36 and 30 parallel between the free and slave states. The Missouri Compromise created a geographic boundary for slavery that would temporarily ease the political disputes over the expansion of slavery into new states.

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Name given to the South after Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin which allowed the South to produce huge amounts of cotton. This also caused the South to become dependent on slaves for the economy.

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The Erie Canal provided a direct water way from New York City to the Midwest. This opened up opportunities for agricultural development and new commercial. The water route also encouraged immigration to the frontiers and further west.

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This treaty was signed in the beginning of 1848, effectively ending the Mexican-American war. This treaty is significant as it gave the United States Government an approximate 500,000 square miles of new western territory, which would later make up the states California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, etc. The new territory given with this treaty further spurred westward expansion.

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The Industrial Revolution was the transition of agrarian economy to a machine-based economy, characterized by rapid industrial developments. The handicraft industry became replaced with larger-scale factories of machinery and new sources of power. This allowed for the mass production of goods, fueling the consumer economy.

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The second awakening, much like the first, was a religious revival in the United States. Many movements occurred and a lot of people dedicated their life to preaching at the time. At this point, religion began to be included more in schools and some religious universities were founded. Membership in Churches continued to grow because at this moment people found why religion was so important and how it played a role in their every day life. The Second Great Awakening created hope for people, specifically women, blacks, and native Americans, and helped strengthen the community through a common idea. This awakening was a philosophy that focused on good deeds and reforms including temperance and the emancipation of women.

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The Era of Good Feelings ended with the disastrous Panic of 1819. It was the first major panic since the ratification of the Constitution. The Panic was mainly caused by the Second Bank of the United States and overspeculation in the West. As a result, many state banks had to close and unemployment rose significantly. The nationalistic mindset was shaken, the West became devastated from debt, and support for the National Bank decreased.

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The Embargo Act was a response to the French and British tormenting of US merchant ships during the Napoleonic Wars. It placed an embargo on foreign trade, which led to a devastation in American shipping exports and an 8 percent decrease in gross national product. It also led to widespread smuggling and unemployment.

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The ATS was founded in 1826 by two presbyterian ministers. The temperance movement was at first a religious movement but soon began to spread throughout the United States, and later the consumption of alcohol would become illegal almost a century later. Religious leaders played a big role in spreading the temperance movement.

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The invention of the Cotton Gin in 1793 made cotton production easier and more profitable, with the use of slave labor. The Cotton Gin allowed for the South's economy to become heavily reliant on the cotton industry. Therefore, the institution of slavery grew to be essential in Southern Society.

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The Indian Removal Act, that was passed by President Andrew Jackson at the time, resulted in the displacement of thousands of Native Americans that resided in the east part of the United States.

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The Louisiana purchase in 1803 provided land that almost doubled the size of the existing U.S. . It provided materials that increased trade, and it was also a large part of westward expansion.

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Following the Louisiana Purchase, in which the United States gained over 800,000 square miles of land western of the Mississippi, Jefferson assigned various people to explore the new land. This two year excursion across the United States was deemed a huge geographic success, as it provided much information regarding the climate, landscape, and geographical features of the area. Furthermore, their journals and notes enticed many Americans to the western lands, thus leading many to begin migrating there in the following decades.

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Manifest Destiny was a driving force into westward expansion of Americans. Many Americans believed that the Anglo-Saxon way of life was superior to that of other races and therefore God had granted them the right to move west and claim territory there. This is significant because it led to the addition of various territories out west to the Union, which caused tensions between the North and the South (slave and free states) which lead up until the beginning of the Civil War. It also expanded the US economy by unveiling more resources and forced new modes of transportation to be developed.

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The Monroe Doctrine is the U.S. policy towards the western hemisphere. In December of 1823, Monroe delivered an annual message to Congress that warned European nations about the United States' tolerance regarding colonization. It essentially stated that North and South America were no longer open to colonization. It also declared that the United States would not allow European countries to interfere with independent governments in the Americas.

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The War of 1812 was a conflict between Great Britain and the United States over British impressment of American naval workers and disagreement over geographical boundaries. Although there was no clear winner of the war, the conflict had social implications in that many Americans took pride in the fact that they had successfully defeated the British for a second time. This led toward the first real establishment of an American identity and united the country in a way it hadn't been before.

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Federalist President John Adams and Charles Pinckney ran up against Republicans Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. The election ended in a tie between Burr and Jefferson because the Democratic-Republicans did not abstain from voting for Burr. As president, Jefferson established policies that appealed to both parties which led to a peaceful transfer of power.

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The Louisiana Purchase nearly doubled the size of the US and opened territory and opportunity for further westward expansion.

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In 1830, President Andrew Jackson signed off on the Indian Removal Act, meaning the US federal government could forcibly remove Native Americans from their land in order for the US to expand westward

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Many people in the United States, under the influence of religious revivalism and enlightenment ideas, began to see slavery as immoral and illegal. African Americans’ plight became more popular once the educated were able to express their ideas. Men like Frederick Douglas, and women like Sojourner Truth spoke and wrote at length about the need for equality of the races.

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Laws limiting the rights of black in the 18th century and giving them almost completely away to their masters.

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The Missouri Compromise was  passed by federal legislation and it admitted Missouri as a slave state. The Missouri Compromise stopped slavery from expanding into the North and above the 30 60 parallel.

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In 1819, Spain and the United States signed a treaty in which Florida was ceded to the United States. It also creates a new boundary line between the Spanish territories and the American ones. Therefore, it defined the western limits of the Louisiana Purchase and gave the USA Florida, both of which clarified prolonged geographical disputes between the two countries.

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During this time period, railroads would drastically increase their popularity in the US, becoming the preferred method of transportation and ending the previous reign of canals. While being fairly limited to the North, this new system connected many distant regions of the US and catalyzed the growth of cities and towns wherever they were built, such as Chicago.

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Nonintercourse Act of 1809 and Macon's Bill No. 2 (1810)

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Nonintercourse Act of 1809 and Macon's Bill No. 2 (1810)

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The Nonintercourse Act of 1809 was an attempt by Madison to fix the economic issues caused by Jefferson's Embargo Act; it still restricted trade to France and Britain. Macon's Bill No.2 finally lifted this restriction in 1810 and gained the United States the right to stay neutral on the seas. These two acts helped restore the maritime economy and cooled threats of civil war within coastal states.

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Nat Turner’s Rebellion was a rebellion of enslaved Virginians that occurred in 1831. Between 55 and 65 people were killed. This rebellion played a major role in destroying the myth that enslaved people were happy with their oppression. It also caused Southern whites to become even stricter in their beliefs, with new oppressive legislation being passed that prohibited the education, movement, and assembly of enslaved people. Legislation such as this likely led to a hardening of the tensions between the North and the South at the time.

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Americans at this time were all about expansion, and especially believed in Manifest Destiny,  which meant that no one would stop in order to fulfill America’s destiny. The War then led to the Gold Rush and many people were flocking to the west in hopes of finding new opportunities for their lives, and causing the state to become more diverse and drive people from other countries to the United States.

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After America won the war of 1812, its second victory against Great Britain, a new period of 'good feelings' was ushered in. This social climate was a result of an increase in nationalism and overall pride in the American identity. This unity played an important role in relieving tensions between feuding groups at the time, such as the Federalists and Republicans who strongly disagreed over the role and power of the central government, and the North and the South, who had begun to dispute over slavery's role in the country.

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An evangelical preacher named Lyman Beecher published a piece in 1835 which was intensely anti-catholic and called for the exclusion of catholics from settlements in the US. The pattern of anti-catholic and anti-immigration sentiment towards countries that were catholic (i.e. ireland) in the United States would continue for many decades after its publishing.

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Many Irish and German immigrants moved to the west to access more educational and economic opportunities that were unavailable to them in Europe, which heavily contributed to the size of the American workforce and of urban populations. Slavery expanded to states like Nebraska, Louisiana, and Kansas, increasing the presence of slavery in the Midwest and subsequently increasing controversy about geographic regulations of slavery.

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In 1881, NY passed a law that made raising capital and incorporating it into businesses easier. This helped build factories, canals, and railroads, which contributed to growing the economy through faster production rates and transportation.