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Freedmen’s Bureau created (March 3, 1865)

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Freedmen’s Bureau created (March 3, 1865)

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provided food, shelter, clothing, medical services, and land to newly freed African Americans

more than 1,000 Black schools were built and over $400,000 spent to establish teacher-training institutions.

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  Abraham Lincoln is assassinated (April 15, 1865)

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  Abraham Lincoln is assassinated (April 15, 1865)

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The assassination of President Lincoln was just one part of a larger plot to decapitate the federal government of the U.S. after the Civil War.

Lincoln never lived to enact this policy. He died the following morning on April 15, 1865. His successor Andrew Johnson assumed office and presided over Reconstruction.

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Andrew Johnson becomes president (April 15, 1865)

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Andrew Johnson becomes president (April 15, 1865)

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Johnson was charged with the reconstruction of the defeated South, including the extension of civil rights and suffrage to black Southerners.

During the first eight months of his term, Johnson took advantage of Congress being in recess and rushed through his own policies for Reconstruction. These included handing out thousands of pardons and allowing the South to set up "black codes,

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First black codes passed (Late december)

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First black codes passed (Late december)

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Black codes were restrictive laws designed to limit the freedom of African Americans

Under black codes, many states required Black people to sign yearly labor contracts; if they refused, they risked being arrested, fined and forced into unpaid labor.

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13th Amendment is ratified (December 6, 1865)

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13th Amendment is ratified (December 6, 1865)

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13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States

Even after the 13th Amendment abolished enslavement, racially-discriminatory measures like the post-Reconstruction Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws, along with state-sanctioned labor practices like convict leasing, continued to force many Black Americans into involuntary labor for years.

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KKK engaged in terrorist raids against African Americans and white Republicans at night, employing intimidation, destruction of property, assault, and murder

The 20th century witnessed two revivals of the KKK: one in response to immigration in the 1910s and ’20s, and another in response to the African American civil rights movement of the 1950s and ’60s

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Civil Rights Act of 1866 (April 9, 1866)

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Civil Rights Act of 1866 (April 9, 1866)

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The act declared that all persons born in the United States were now citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition.

As citizens they could make and enforce contracts, sue and be sued, give evidence in court, and inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey real and personal property.

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The Memphis massacre of 1866 was a series of violent events that occurred from May 1 to 3, 1866 in Memphis, Tennessee

The racial violence was ignited by political, social, and racial tensions following the American Civil War, in the early stages of Reconstruction.

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Reconstruction Acts of 1867 (March 2, 1867)

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Reconstruction Acts of 1867 (March 2, 1867)

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outlined the terms for readmission to representation of rebel states.

were four statutes passed during the Reconstruction Era by the 40th United States Congress addressing requirement for Southern States to be readmitted to the Union

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  14th Amendment is ratified (july 9, 1868)

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  14th Amendment is ratified (july 9, 1868)

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granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States—including former enslaved people

guaranteed all citizens “equal protection of the laws.

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Southern constitutional conventions including freedman (Jan. 14, 1868)

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Southern constitutional conventions including freedman (Jan. 14, 1868)

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requiring southern states to create new constitutions in order to be readmitted to Congress

For the first time in South Carolina’s history, black men voted in an election.

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15th Amendment is ratified (February 3, 1870) 

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15th Amendment is ratified (February 3, 1870) 

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passed after the Civil War in 1870

granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States

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Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy(1875) 

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Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy(1875) 

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Lead to the impeachment of republican officials

a plan to maintain the white majority in the U.s congress

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was an unwritten deal, informally arranged among U.S. Congressmen, that settled the intensely disputed 1876 presidential election

It resulted in the United States federal government pulling the last troops out of the South, and ending the Reconstruction Era.