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Brexit :the Uncivil War of United Kingdom

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Brexit :the Uncivil War of United Kingdom

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Did you know about Brexit? Brexit is a term which stands for the "Britain Exit" or known as the withdrawal between United Kingdom and European Union. on January, 1st 2021 Britain had officially left EU after 47 years becoming a member.

Brexit History was one of the important turning point in the United Kingdom's Political decisions. It was started on June, 23rd 2016 when UK held a referendum to leave European Union. The result had mentioned 52% of voters had been agreeing to leave EU. One daya after the decision made, On June, 24th 2016, David Cameron announced his resignation as the Prime Minister.

The United Kingdom withdraws from the European Union at 11 pm GMT on 31 January 2020, starting a transitional period which will end on 31 December 2020. During the 11 month transition period, the United Kingdom and the European Union will negotiate their future relations. The United Kingdom remains subject to European Union Law and remains part of the European Union Customs Union and European Single Market during the transition period, but is no longer represented in any EU political body or institution.

UK was officially leaving EU on January 1st 2021. As the impact of this withdrawal UK's had lost £404 per average household and the decreased of poundsterling. Moreover Some Economical expert had predicted this move would reduce the real income of UK in the longterm.

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Abraham Lincoln, sixteenth president of the United States, was born near Hodgenville, Kentucky on February 12, 1809. His family moved to Indiana when he was seven. In 1830, Lincoln and his family moved to Illinois.

Lincoln served on the Illinois State Legislature for several terms. During the time he studied the law and began to work as lawyer. In 1860, Lincoln ran for President of United States. On November 6 1860, Lincoln won the presidential election without the support of a single Southern state.

Talk of secession, bundied about since the 1830, took on a serious new tone. The civil war wasn't entirely cause by Lincoln's election, but the election was one of the primary reasons the war broke out the following year. Lincoln’s decision to fight rather than to let the Southern states secede was not based on his feelings towards slavery.  The civil war began with the Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter, South Carolina, on April 12, 1861. What followed was a bloody war that lasted four years and cost the lives of 600,000 Americans.

On January 1, 1863 Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. This was an order that freed the slaves in the Confederate States. Although not all the slaves were immediately set free, it paved the way for the 13th Amendment which would free all slaves in the United States a few years later. The Civil War finally ended on April 9, 1865 when General Robert E. Lee surrendered at the Appomattox Court House in Virginia. In April 14 1865, while attending attending a play at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., Abraham Lincoln was shot by Confederate sympathizer, John Wilkes Booth.

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Indonesian independence is one of the histories of the Indonesian nation.  This history has a very big meaning because it sacrificed many heroes to fight for independence.

The number of heroes who have become victims should be our motivation to increase a sense of nationalism towards Indonesia.  However, in the current era, many have forgotten the struggle of the heroes who sacrificed themselves for the independence of the Indonesian nation.

History can briefly be seen from 1945 to 1955. Indonesian independence, of course, was preceded by many tribulations that the Indonesian nation had to endure.  One of the sufferings the Indonesian people experienced when they were colonized by the Portuguese.  It was the Portuguese who started the colonization in the Indonesian nation.

From the success of the Portuguese nation, it encouraged other European nations to colonize the Indonesian nation.

After struggling to escape from the two colonial countries, then the Indonesian people were faced with the presence of the Dutch and the Japanese.  As in previous countries, the Netherlands and Japan came to Indonesia to colonize the Indonesian nation.

Important events in fighting for Indonesian independence

The history of the independence of the Indonesian nation has, of course, been met with hard and struggling efforts.  There are several events that promote independence.  These important events include:
1) Japanese surrender to the Allies
2) Rengasdengklok Exile incident
3) Drafting the Text of the Declaration of the Proclamation of Independence
4) Pengesahan Teks Proklamasi
5) Deklarasi Teks Proklamasi

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do you know about R.A Kartini ? Raden Ayu Kartini is one of the Javanese or national heroes of Indonesia or more familiar with the pioneer resurrection of native women . Every April 21st is commemorated as kartini day which is a symbol of the resurrection of women .
By the time she was 12 , however , Kartini had to stay at home because of excessive ridicule. Though confined at home , this did not dampen the spirit of learning from Kartini . Even kartini , who knew dutch , began studying on her own and writing to her friends from the Netherlands .
From here on out kartini is interested in the topic of women's liberation . Kartini wanted to further native women after seeing the progress of European women's thinking .
Kartini died at 25 and was buried at the sebang . Fortunately , the Kartini trail of inspiring women didn't stop there . After her death , the kartini school for the women began to be established in other sties . Meanwhile , one of kartini's associated , named J.H.Abendanon , collected all the kartini letters that had been sent to Europe and published under the tittle " after dark came the light ( habis gelap terbitlah terang ) "
This kartini struggle and ideas regarding women's liberation are ultimately the basis for the implementation of Kartini day

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The city of bandung was one of the cities in Indonesia. Before becoming a popular city of bandung and many tourists from around the world, Bandung used to have a rather enraging history. Bandung was also known as "Bandung's Sea of Fire". Bandung sea of fire occurred in bandung on March 24, 1946.

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Do you know about G30S/PKI? G30S/PKI is a history of movements aimed at turning the Indonesia into a communist state. This history occurred on 30 September 1965 to 1 October 1965.

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The history of the conguest of constantinople

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The history of the conguest of constantinople

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Do you know about Constantinople?
Constantinople was the largest or most important city of the middle ages..Constantinople had a strategic location both economically and politically.
From 324 AD until the early 15th century c.e., Constantinople was the capital of the eastern Roman Byzantium. Constantinople lies between the continent of Asia and Europe and is split by the bosporus strait.
the fall of the eastern roman empire to the turkisled by mehmed II the qongueror on may 29,1453 (julian calender), was an important event which marked the end of the middle ages

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Did you know about Kutai Martapura Kingdom? The Kutai Martapura kingdom is one of the Hindu-style kingdoms in the archipelago. The Kutai Kingdom is located on the Muara Kaman River and was founded by Kudungga around the 4th century. The government of the Kutai kingdom has been passed down from generation to generation to the son of Kudungga. Kudungga's successor is Asmawarman as his son, then by Mulawarman who is his grandson.  then continues until maharaja dharma.

During the reign of King Mulawarman Kutai experienced a golden age.  Economic life is experiencing rapid development.  This wealth can be seen from economic activities. It is estimated that this kingdom has established considerable international trade relations.  Traders who pass through the international trade route and India through the Makassar Strait, continue to the Philippines and arrive in China are thought to usually stop by first in Kutai.  This made the Kutai kingdom even more lively and prosperous.

After Mulawarman's reign, the Kingdom of Kutai Martapura began to decline.  Maharaja Dharma, who was the last leader of this kingdom, died in a war against the neighboring kingdom, Kutai Kartanegara.

After its destruction, the Kutai Martapura Kingdom was controlled by the Kutai Kartanegara Kingdom which later became known as an Islamic-style kingdom that held power in the East Kalimantan region.

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Drawn from the latin for  "roman peace" the pax romana was a period of two hundred years of peace within the roman empire. of course this was a remarkable achievement for a kingdom known for its thirst for war

The pax romana period was the Roman empire's hegemonic peak. Many innovations were developed at the time and are still in use today,such as postal systems,plumbing,road engineering improvements,new legal systems, and cultural improvements

At that time, the pax romana was viewed as miraculous, for there had never been so long in any period of history that the concept had held great influence, and historians had invented such variable terms as the pax Americana pax mongolica, or pax britannica for its hegemonic period of peace

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The second world war occurred in 1939 to 1945. This war involved many countries which eventually made two opposing world military alliances.

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The story of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atom bombing

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The story of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atom bombing

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What do you know about the Nagasaki and Hiroshima bombing? In August 1945 Japan was bombed in the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States and was the final stage of world war ii with Britania Raya and China. The United States is requesting that Japanese troops surrender in the Potsdam declaration on July 26, 1945, or "face a swift and great destruction."

There is strong reason the United States was able to destroyed two great cities in Japan,one of the triggers for the Pacific war in 1937-1945 the Pacific war was part of the second world war in 1941and Japan with its respected war technology,Asia attacked the United States and other British citizens known as Pearl Harbour. With great enthusiasm and brave enough prestige Japan became more active in world war -2,the United States which was suddenly attacked and felt betrayed by the Japanese empire, carried on diplomacy of peace and finally after several battles the United States was forced to end a serious attacked by bombing the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

For Japan itself the atomic bomb event was an event that changed Japan's history and outlook. Japan surrendered unconditionally to the western side of the United States and Britania Raya,More Japan advanced in technology and took controlled of the world of its technology,which is now the partner and ally of the United States in technology and military

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the bombings at hirosima and nagasaki. after the US successfully tested the atomic bomb in New Mexico in July 1945 the US decided to drop the bomb and finish PD2.

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Japan also faced with the Soviet Union which decided to invade the Japanese puppet state. Seeing Japan increasingly cornered and destroying Hirosima and Nagasaki the Emperor of Japan Hirohito announced the surrender of Japan on August 15 1945.

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September 1 1939 Germany attacked Poland from the north, south, and west. two days later Britain and France fought against Germany. invasive as well as starting world war 2

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On the evening of Thursday, 30 September 1965, the PKI launched a movement to seize power. This action was later called the 30 September Movement or Gestapu led by Lieutenant Colonel. Untung Sutopo, Commander of Battalion I, Cakrabirawa Regiment, President Soekarno's personal guard. The chronology of the events of the G30S PKI began with the kidnapping of seven generals by a group of troops. Three of the seven targeted generals were killed in their respective homes, namely Ahmad Yani, M.T Haryono, and D. I Panjaitan.

The other three targets, namely Soeprapto, S. Parman, and Sutoyo were arrested alive. Another main target, Abdul Harris Nasution, managed to escape from the incident. However, the princess, Ade Irma Suryani Nasution and A. H. Nasution's aide, Pierre Tendean, were shot dead by the PKI. The victims were then dumped at a location in Pondok Gede known as Lubang Buaya. The death toll also increased in this incident, including Bripka Karel Sadsuit Tubun, Colonel Katamso Darmokusumo, and Lieutenant Colonel Sugiyono Mangunwiyoto.

On 1 October 1965, the operation to crush the G30S PKI was carried out. This operation was led by the Kostrad Commander by gathering other troops, such as the Siliwangi Division, Kaveleri, and RPKAD (Army Commando Regiment) under the leadership of Colonel Sarwo Edhi Wibowo. The absence of support from the community and the armed forces made G30S PKI supporter figures, including PKI chairman D.N, Aidit run away. With this suppression operation, PKI leaders and figures were captured and sentenced to be shot dead. This operation also succeeded in paralyzing the PKI's strength.

Meanwhile, the bodies of the seven generals were found on 3 October 1965 and the bodies were removed the next day. On 5 October 1965, all the victims were buried in the Heroes Cemetery and were given the title Pahlawan Revolusi.

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There is long history of women rights in the world. There is women discrimination from a long time ago. It has been developed for a long time, but there are still discrimination against women. I think many women are still distressed by discrimination. How have women’s rights changed?

Between 1848 and 1920, there was firstwomen’s rights movement in the U.S. At that time, women did not have the right to vote. Thus, women could not help to make society or law. They did not have any voice. Many women joined the first women rights movement to get the right to vote. The women picketed in front of the White House to pressure the president. It took a very long time and many women were arrested because of picketing. Finally, women got the right to vote.

A long time ago, women could not work outside because of the law. Women had to stay home and do housework. The book written by Betty Friedan showed women’s real feelings. Many women were not happy about their lives, and they wanted choice and freedom. Then, the second women’s rights movement occurred. Finally, women got a choice to work outside or stay home.

Today, there are still problems for women. One of the big problems is sexual harassment. Many women have jobs outside, and they get sexual harassment by their bosses. It is a very common problem, and it is the worst problem for women. Also, there is unfair payment between men and women. Many women work with men, they work the same time as men, and they have the same abilities as men. However, there salaries are different. Men get more than women sometimes. It is not fair. Before, men worked for supporting their families, but now, women work for supporting their families too. Thus, it must be same amount of payment.

In conclusion, women’s rights have become better, but there are still some issues. I think women should have a voice to talk about their problems. That is the major way to solve the problems. In addition, women should go to areas of high position in politics, business, and education. I think when the same number of women and men belong to the area of politics, business, and education, it will make a fair society and country. I hope it becomes true, so it will make a beautiful world for everyone.

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October 28, 1928, took place the Youth Congress and became the birth of the Youth Pledge. The inception of the Youth Pledge began with Indonesian young men who began to move and form various organizations. These organizations include Perhimpunan Indonesia to Tri Koro Darmo.

At that time, young men and women formed various organizations because they began to realize the common goal of achieving Indonesian independence and reducing divisions due to ethnic and religious differences.

With many youth organizations formed, the PPPI (Perhimpunan Pelajar-Pelajar Indonesia) and intellectuals then took the initiative and aspired to unite all youth organizations in Indonesia, they held meetings to realize that dream.

The first to third meetings were held in 1926-1928. And at the third meeting on August 12, 1928, the result was a decision to hold a congress in October.
At the PPPI initiative, the congress was held in three different buildings and was divided https://museumsumpahpemuda.kemdikbud.go.id/sejarah-sumpah-pemuda/into three meetings to produce the Youth Pledge. The first meeting was held at the Katholieke Jongenlingen Bond Building, Lapangan Banteng on 27 October 1928. The second meeting was held on 28 October 1928, at the Oost-Java Bioscoop Building, and the third meeting was held on the same day at the Indonesische Clubhuis Kramat Building. It was at this third meeting that the importance of nationalism and democracy was proclaimed. The Congress was then closed by announcing the formulation of the results of the congress, which we know as Sumpah Setia.

Sumpah Setia was pronounced by all young people which reads:

“Firstly, we the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one motherland, Indonesia. Secondly, we the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one nation, the nation of Indonesia. Thirdly, we the sons and daughters of Indonesia, respect the language of unity, Indonesian.”

By pledging the Youth Pledge, it was the starting point of the youth's struggle for Indonesian independence. Therefore, let’s reflect, respect, and gratitude the youth struggles by continuing to maintain the integrity of the nation. Happy Youth Pledge Day.

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who does not know the history of Cut Nyak Dien, she is a female hero from the land of rencong who never knew surrender. Her fighting spirit is remarkable in maintaining her ancestral aqidah and land. According to sources wikipedia.org. On February 11, 1899 the Dutch managed to ambush Teuku Umar husband Cut Nyak Dhien and Teuku Umar was killed there.

It does not make Cut Nyak Dien discouraged, Cut Nyak Dien continues to lead the resistance against the Dutch, the war against the Dutch continues to be passed by Cut Nyak Dien with troops up to the last point in 1901 because Cut Nyak Dien troops continue to decrease and Cut Nyak Dien already the older and the eyes began to be shortsighted and difficult to obtain food because they were being hunted by the Dutch troops, nevertheless cut dien never knew the word surrender.

Finally Cut Nyak Dien was captured by the Dutch in Beutong Lhee Sagoe, before being captured by Dutch Cut Nyak Dien and her troops also had a fight against the Dutch troops, its existence is known by the Dutch because her men named Pang Laot reported their headquarters to the Dutch because they feel sorry for condition of Cut Nyak Dien.

Princess Cut Nyak Dien named Cut Gambang managed to escape from the onslaught of Dutch troops. Then Cut Nyak Dien was taken to Banda Aceh and treated there, after which the Dutch brought Cut Nyak Dien and other political prisoners to Sumedang, West Java. The Dutch consider their presence in Aceh very dangerous Because Cut Nyak Dien continues to inflame the spirit of the struggle to the fighters who have not been arrested to fight the Dutch colonization.

Cut Nyak Dien died on 6 November 1908, due to her very old age, the search of Cut Nyak Dien's grave based on data found in the Netherlands, his tomb was discovered in 1959. The Dutch reneged on the promise of separating Cut Nyak Dien from the land and people of Aceh, after his death Cut Nyak Dien the struggle continued until Indonesia became independent.

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BADEN POWELL

HISTORY OF BADEN POWELL AQ, THE FATHER OF THE WORLD SCOUT WAS BRON ON FEBRUARI22,1857 WITH THE NAME ROBERT STEP HANSON SMYLTH, LIFE BY HIS FATHER SINCE AHILDHOOD,BADEN POWELLL RECEIVED CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT FROM HIS MOTHER