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Maskne is a word that began being circulated in 2020 shortly after the outbreak of the corona virus. Maske is known as an ‘umbrella term’ which is a form of broadening, as it refers to a variety of skin problems caused by wearing a face mask. Maskne itself is a blending of ‘mask’ and ‘acne’ in which is used to describe an outbreak of acne on ones lower face, mainly the chin. Maskne is an example of both Chen’s S curve  and the Functionalist Theory of Language Change. Maskne had a suddenly acceleration in use after being created to describe the acne that was being caused by masks, a word like this was never needed before as it was a rare occurrence to see somebody wearing a face mask in public, where as now it is daily procedure. This can also make it an example or the Functionalist Theory of Language Change as the word was produced and suited for the needs of the users, it is an easy word to say and gives away its meaning straight away; essentially it is easy to distinguish what somebody is on about when it is used. There was an increase in the use of the word especially after July 24th, after wearing a face mask in public areas became mandatory in England, this led to an abundance of people complaining and experiencing said ‘maskne’, encouraging a term to be produced.

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GOAT-a word used to describe someone as the greatest of all time. Some people used the term to debate who was the greatest ever at somethig. Then lots of people began using the term. Finally, it became an official word in the dictionary.

Battle royale-it includes an elimination fight to the death. The word wasn’t that common until Fortnite came out. It was a very popular game and other games used the same idea too. Lots of people knew of the term due to this. It then became a word in the dictionary.

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In this article I have decided to investigate the etymology of the descriptive adjective 'jumbo'. The adjective originally was the name of 'Jumbo the elephant' and  has been used to name products that come in an unusually large size, especially in the advertising of things such as 'Jumbo Jenga' and 'Jumbo Jet'. The purpose being to excite the customer for receiving  more (a larger size) than the normal sized product, which is viewed  positively due to the idiom 'the bigger, the better' (Patrick Fermor 1986) .

'Jumbo' is an eponym, as it was named after 'Jumbo the Elephant'  (proper noun) who was a large, male African bush elephant born in Sudan, during the 1860's. Jumbo the elephant was bought by a circus showman in the U.S for the hype surrounding his large size and how much he would eat (source: www.etymonline.com). The proper noun then became a common noun to refer to a large person or thing such as jumbo jets. In recent years it has undergone conversion (into a descriptive adjective) as it is now typically used to advertise and describe things as unusually large e.g. Buy a jumbo pack of marshmallows today.

Furthermore, the earliest date of origin of the word was in 1823 and it was a slang/colloquial term used to describe a clumsy and big person, animal or thing. One theory proposed by John Badcock in his slang dictionary (1823) claimed the descriptive adjective derived from the phrase 'mumbo jumbo', which according to the Oxford English Dictionary comes from the name of a grotesque idol worshipped by some tribes' (source: www.toldayifoundout.com). In that case, the descriptive adjective/common noun has been clipped to become what is is now.

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The word badman associates with slang and can be used in daily conversation generally to critique someone of their behaviour. The word “badman” but possibly in some cases a nickname for a reprobate, from Middle English 'bad', 'worthless', 'evil'. Badman has connotations of criminal reinforcement especially back in the old western days in U.S history, with a man that orientates a lifestyle that is prone violence. It also originates from the plural definition ‘badmen’ which is an association to gang violence, meaning whoever is labelled from this word correlates their behaviour as an outrage to society.

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The noun Pineapple is an English word derived from the words pine and apple blended together. It was formed in the mid 17th century in the 1600’s and because of its resemblance to a pine cone and as it was a fruit it was decided to be called pineapple.

The original word for pineapple was Ananas taken from the Tupi language when European invaders brought pineapples back to Europe. The word Ananas is used in 42 languages, pina and pineapple is used in 10.

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'Pog' is a word that originated from the streaming platform Twitch and started being used in 2012. This is an example of clipping as 'Pog' is now used as an emote however, this was not always the case as the name 'Pog' (or 'PogChamp') comes from two content creators called Gutierrez and Ross, where in this video they were playing 'Pogs' which is a disk-flipping game that was popularised in the 1990's. The 'Pog' emote was named 'Pog' not only after the clipping of the game 'Pogs' but also as a acronymy as 'Pog' now stands for 'Play of the game' which tends to be used/said when the streamer does something considered 'incredible' by the chat, and so the chat will spam the word 'Pog' (which Twitch will automatically convert to the Pog emote).

As of recently, the acronymy 'Pog' has gone through a controversy related to the incident with trump supporters climbing the walls of the white house as the man who is the face of the emote 'Pog' was also condoning this kind of behaviour. Due to this, Twitch was forced to get involved and remove the emote however, due the the emotes popularity over the years, this did not settle well with the Twitch community and so, Twitch came up with a solution which was to have the emote change every 24 hours. As the emote became very popular, a lot of creators started making their own versions of the emote, which Twitch used to their advantage and this solution worked for most of the community.

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'Google' is a commonly used word in electronics and now is used both as a common noun as well as a transitive verb (googled). The word has commonly been used by society since 1997, when the google.com domain was first created. However, the word google actually dates back to 1938, where the nine year old niece of a mathematician coined the word 'Googol' as a word referring to the number 1 followed by hundreds of zeros (10 raised to the power of 100).

According to the company, the name google itself is a play on the word 'googol' as it reflects the mission of the founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin "to organise a seemingly infinite amount of information on the web."

The sudden common usage of the word 'google' can be related to the language theory, Chen's 'S Curve' theory (1868 and 1972). This theory indicates that as time goes by, vocabulary has the ability to become more popular if used on a regular occurrence by the public. Had the search engine 'Google' not been created, it is unlikely that the term 'Googol' would have ever reached the amount of popularity that google has gained to this day. This shows that it's development was to due it being part of the computor/technology industry, which was still in development at the time, as well as it being one of the first makes of a search engine, thereby making the name given to it all the more popular.

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The word I have decided to investigate the noun ‘monster’ meaning a large, ugly, and frightening imaginary creature.The word ‘monster’ was derived from the Latin word ‘monstrum’ meaning ‘oddity’.The first known use of the word ‘monster’ was in the 14th century.The word was first mostly used in books to describe characters in the story.I think it can fit in Chen’s S curve theory as the use of the word has increased since the 14th century as there is also an energy drink named monster energy

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OMG ( I originally wrote more than this but it deleted unfortunately) 

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OMG ( I originally wrote more than this but it deleted unfortunately) 

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The word I’ll be investigating is the abbreviation/ initialism OMG. ‘OMG’ is shortened for “oh my god”. this was first used in the early 20th century (September 9 1917) by John Fisher when he sent a letter out to Winston Churchill. The initialism portrays a shocking reaction, disbelief, excitement and anger. It is widely used in digital communication. It is seen as offensive within the Christianity community as in the religious Bible, Exodus 20:7, it states not to say the Lords name in Vain. The initialism as been around for over 100 years and diffused and  used globally around the world! This shows how language changes to simplify itself and to show that communication has become more speedy and spontaneous. The word has been even been codified as it has been featured on the Oxford Dictionary!

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The word hazard is a noun/verb that is typically associated with a potential danger. It is not specific to any particular variety of danger as it can be used to refer to any danger an or threats. It is mainly used in the formal format to denote possible dangers. It originnaly stems from the 13th century game of ‘al zahr’ a inherently risky game from which the word derives its dangerous connotations. Having traveled with the crusaders from the far east through Western Europe arriving in England around the time of the Middle Ages where it became popular peaking at about thee 19th century and not return to popularity since whilst still in use today. The word hard itself has been used to crate new word using devices such as affixation and compounding to form variation of harard to provide more information such as using the pre-fix clipping bio in order to denote dangers of a biological nature. The adjective hazardous is also derived from hazard as a way to describe possible dangers something that has seen a surge in frequency following the need to alert the public of what dangers are posed by the ongoing pandemic.