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a place-based human ethnic culture that has not migrated from its homeland, and is not a settler or colonial population.

¨are ancestors were indigenous people, we still live in the same land as they lived till this day¨

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which means the middle of america which is now made up of the countries of Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador. ¨my friend is mesoamerica because they were born in belize¨

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indian tribes across upper New York state that during the 17th and 18th centuries played a strategic role in the struggle between the French.
¨my cousin is from new york and her family has lived there for centuries her family is iroquois confederacy¨

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Henry was responsible for the early development of Portuguese exploration and maritime trade with other continents through the systematic exploration.
¨we learned about prince henry today in school he was a good guy and found new routes.¨

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made important explorations of what is now northern New York, the Ottawa River, and the eastern Great Lakes
¨Known as the “Father of New France”

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English navigator and explorer who set out to find either a northeast passage “by the North Pole to Japan and China”
¨henry was also known as  contributed significantly to the navigational geography of North America.¨

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legal system by which the Spanish crown attempted to define the status of the indigenous population.
¨some people liked the encomienda system some did not¨

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was an uprising of most of the indigenous Pueblo people against the Spanish colonizers in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México
¨pope's rebellion is also known as Pueblo Revolt¨

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an agricultural crop which is grown to sell for profit
¨A cash crop also known as a profit crop¨

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was an uprising in 1676 - 1677 against American Indians and the colonial government in the Virginia Colony over taking reprisal action for alleged thefts by the Native Americans
¨Bacon's Rebellion was the first rebellion in the American colonies.¨

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was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were forcibly transported to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade.
¨middle passage was some kind of trade¨

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when farmers grow food crops to meet the needs of themselves and their families on smallholdings.
¨subsistence farming is what people do when they grow crops kind of¨

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an early Puritan leader whose vision for a godly commonwealth created the basis for an established religion that remained in place in Massachusetts until well after adoption of the First Amendment
¨Edwardstone was where john winthrop was born.¨

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an area or region that provides most of the food for a country.
¨some churches do bread baskets¨

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English Quaker leader and advocate of religious freedom, who oversaw the founding of the American Commonwealth of Pennsylvania as a refuge for Quakers and other religious minorities of Europe.
¨william penn died July 30, 1718¨

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historical term indicating trade among three ports or regions.
¨ Triangular trade usually develops when a region is exporting resources that are not needed in the region¨

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Native American of the Patuxet tribe who acted as an interpreter and guide to the Pilgrim settlers at Plymouth during their first winter in the New World
¨Squanto, also known as Tisquantum¨

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Pocahontas was a Native American woman, belonging to the Powhatan People.was the daughter of Powhatan, the paramount chief.
¨did you see the pocahontas disney movie.¨

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colonies were laxly enforced and imperial supervision of internal colonial affairs was loose as long as the colonies remained loyal to the British government

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designed to maximize the exports and minimize the imports for an economy. It promotes imperialism, colonialism, tariffs and subsidies on traded goods to achieve that goal.

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a system of exchange in which Europe supplied Africa and the Americas with finished goods, the Americas supplied Europe and Africa with raw materials, and Africa supplied the Americas with enslaved laborers.

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acts of Parliament intended to promote the self-sufficiency of the British Empire by restricting colonial trade to England and decreasing dependence on foreign imported goods.

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a British law that imposed a tax on molasses, sugar, and rum imported from non-British foreign colonies into the North American colonies.

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repealed the loyalty oath and reinstated French civil law in combination with British criminal law.

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ideas concerning God, reason, nature, and humanity were synthesized into a worldview that gained wide assent in the West and that instigated

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that are God-given and can never be taken or even given away.

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is a perceived agreement among the people of a state about the rules that will define their government. These rules are usually called laws.

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was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism"

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French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers

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was a religious revival that impacted the English colonies in America during the 1730s and 1740s. The movement came at a time when the idea of secular rationalism was being emphasized, and passion for religion had grown stale

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is a political slogan that originated in the American Revolution, and which expressed one of the primary grievances of the American colonists against Great Britain.

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created by the Second Continental Congress. It was to plan the structure of the new government and to create a confederation-some kind of government.

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very important law that was developed by the government while the Articles of Confederation was our plan of government. This law helped to organize the sale of western lands

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a government for the Northwest Territory, outlined the process for admitting a new state to the Union, and guaranteed that newly created states would be equal to the original thirteen states.

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was an armed uprising in Western Massachusetts and Worcester in response to a debt crisis among the citizenry and in opposition to the state government's increased efforts to collect taxes both on individuals and their trades

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good sense and sound judgment in practical matters.

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guarantees civil rights and liberties to the individual—like freedom of speech, press, and religion. It sets rules for due process of law and reserves all powers not delegated to the Federal Government to the people or the States.

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were written and published to urge New Yorkers to ratify the proposed United States Constitution, which was drafted in Philadelphia in the summer of 1787.

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someone who believes in the type of political system in which states or territories share control with a central government.

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a person who opposed the adoption of the U.S. Constitution.

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is a gathering for the purpose of writing a new constitution or revising an existing constitution. Members of a constitutional convention

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in United States history, the compromise offered by Connecticut delegates Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth during the drafting of the Constitution of the United States at the 1787 convention to solve the dispute between small and large states over representation

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is the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution. It guarantees civil rights and liberties to the individual—like freedom of speech, press, and religion.

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established the structure and jurisdiction of the federal court system and created the position of attorney general

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the government to repay both federal and state debts. He wanted the government to buy up all the bonds issued by both the national and state government before 1789. He then planned to issue new bonds to pay off the old debts.

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the first test of federal authority in the United States. This rebellion enforced the idea that the new government had the right to levy a particular tax that would impact citizens in all states.

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These laws raised the residency requirements for citizenship from 5 to 14 years, authorized the President to deport aliens and permitted their arrest, imprisonment, and deportation during wartime.

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federal government had no authority to exercise power not specifically delegated to it in the Constitution.that states had the power to nullify unconstitutional federal laws.

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the action of a state impeding or attempting to prevent the operation and enforcement within its territory of a law of the U.S.

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known at the time under various other names, was an American political party founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in the early 1790s that championed republicanism, political equality, and expansionism.

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a political group that favored the adoption by the states of the Constitution. a political party in early U.S. history advocating a strong central government.

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to remain neutral in the war between France and Britain because the US wanted to support France, but not fight Britain because we were too weak to fight

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(November 19, 1794), agreement that assuaged antagonisms between the United States and Great Britain, established a base upon which America could build a sound national economy, and assured its commercial prosperity.

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an important diplomatic success for the United States. It resolved territorial disputes between the two countries and granted American ships the right to free navigation of the Mississippi River as well as duty-free transport through the port of New Orleans, then under Spanish control.

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Battle of Fallen Timbers/ Treaty of Greenville

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Battle of Fallen Timbers/ Treaty of Greenville

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signed in present-day Greenville, Ohio, in August 1795, the Indians ceded much of present-day Ohio, which, in 1803, became America's 17th state. By the terms of the treaty, the Indians also ceded parts of Indiana, Illinois and Michigan.

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was a political and diplomatic episode in 1797 and 1798, early in the presidency of John Adams, involving a confrontation between the United States and Republican France

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pushed the United States into a serious debate about the nature and extent of neutrality, the limits of presidential power, and the role of the military in America.

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a vote given in deciding a controverted question or electing a person for an office or trust.the right of voting : franchise also : the exercise of such right.

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one of only two women to have been both wife and mother to two U.S. presidents. She was also famous for her early advocacy of several divisive causes, including women's rights, female education and the abolition of slavery.

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established the power of judicial review for the U.S. Supreme Court and lower federal courts with respect to the Constitution and eventually for parallel state courts with respect to state constitutions.

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the purchase of imperial rights to the western half of the Mississippi River basin from France by the United States in 1803. The deal granted the United States the sole authority to obtain the land from its indigenous inhabitants, either by contract or by conquest

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explore the American Northwest, newly purchased from France, and some territories beyond. The expedition started from St. Louis, Missouri, and moved up the Missouri River and down the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean.

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(1807), U.S. Pres. Thomas Jefferson's nonviolent resistance to British and French molestation of U.S. merchant ships carrying, or suspected of carrying, war materials and other cargoes to European belligerents during the Napoleonic Wars.

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prohibiting all shipping and trade between the United States and British- or French-controlled ports.

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whose name in Shawnee means “shooting star” or “blazing comet,” was born in 1768 in the western Ohio Valley to the Shawnee chief Puckeshinwa and his wife Methoataske.

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Northwest Indian War, a struggle between Native American tribes affiliated with the Western Confederacy and their British allies, against the nascent United States for control of the Northwest Territory.

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a person regarded as an inspired teacher or proclaimer of the will of God.

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a person who clamors for war especially : a jingoistic American favoring war with Britain around 1812.

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"press gang” as it was more commonly known, was recruitment by force. It was a practice that directly affected the U.S. and was even one of the causes of the War of 1812. The British navy consistently suffered manpower shortages due to the low pay and a lack of qualified seamen.

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many historians as the greatest American land victory of the war. American troops, led by future President Andrew Jackson, defeated the much larger British force, which bolstered U.S. hopes for a speedy end to the war.

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terms of the treaty, all conquered territory was to be returned, and commissions were planned to settle the boundary of the United States and Canada

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in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, in which the New England Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing

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westward expansion and economic prosperity, the years immediately following the war

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was the first widespread and durable financial crisis in the United States and some historians have called it the first Great Depression. It was followed by a general collapse of the American economy that persisted through 1821.

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United States federal legislation that stopped northern attempts to forever prohibit slavery's expansion by admitting Missouri as a slave state in exchange for legislation

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transformed economies that had been based on agriculture and handicrafts into economies based on large-scale industry, mechanized manufacturing, and the factory system.

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was transforming American business and global trade. Factories and mass production increasingly displaced independent artisans. Farms grew and produced goods for distant,

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was a national economic plan put forth by Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky and the Whig party throughout the first half of the 19th century. The plan consisted of three major components: Pass high tariffs (taxes)

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"The Great Compromiser" and "The Great Pacificator," but he was also a shrewd and ambitious politician who gained some powerful enemies, notably President Andrew Jackson.

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American inventor, mechanical engineer, and manufacturer, best remembered as the inventor of the cotton gin

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Lowell is a city in Massachusetts, in the United States.

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The Erie Canal in New York is part of the east–west, cross-state route of the New York State Canal System. It was built to create a navigable water route from New York City

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best known U.S. policy toward the Western Hemisphere. Buried in a routine annual message delivered to Congress by President James Monroe in December 1823,

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the United States and Spain defined the western limits of the Louisiana Purchase and Spain surrendered its claims to the Pacific Northwest.

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was the first widespread and durable financial crisis in the United States and some historians have called it the first Great Depression

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He is best known for his works Democracy in America (appearing in two volumes, 1835 and 1840) and The Old Regime and the Revolution (1856).

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a philosophical movement that developed in the late 1820s and 1830s in the eastern United States

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An outgrowth of the Romantic movement, the Hudson River school was the first native school of painting in the United States; it was strongly nationalistic both in its proud celebration of the natural beauty

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effort to create perfect societies. The idea of a perfect society intertwined with communalism can be traced back to Plato's Republic,

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was an organized effort during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to limit or outlaw the consumption and production of alcoholic beverages in the United States.

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was a social reformer whose devotion to the welfare of the mentally ill led to widespread international reforms. After seeing horrific conditions in a Massachusetts prison,

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He spearheaded the Common School Movement, ensuring that every child could receive a basic education funded by local taxes.

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was the first women's rights convention in the United States. Held in July 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York, the meeting launched the women's suffrage movement,

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was a 19th-century feminist activist, abolitionist, social reformer and pacifist who helped launch the women's rights movement.

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was one of the leading figures of the early women's rights movement and is best known for her efforts in writing the Declaration of Sentiments for the Seneca Falls Convention

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was a Protestant revival movement during the early nineteenth century. The movement started around 1800, had begun to gain momentum by 1820, and was in decline by 1870.

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doctrine that through complete faith in Christ believers could receive a "second blessing of the Holy Spirit" and reach Christian perfection

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in New York State in the USA in 1830. Smith had received a revelation from God, first through an angel, and then through a book inscribed on golden plates.

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was a series of laws passed in 1850 that dealt with the controversial issue of slavery in the United States.