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Mary Got the idea for Frankenstein from a nightmare and started writing it during the year without a summer when her and her friends had a challenge to write s scary story to keep them occupied. 

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Mary Got the idea for Frankenstein from a nightmare and started writing it during the year without a summer when her and her friends had a challenge to write s scary story to keep them occupied. 

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Percy Shelley was one of the major romantic poets who was recognized in history. He created poems such as "Ozymandias", "Ode to the West Wind", "To a Skylark", "Music, When Soft Voices Die", and The Masque of Anarchy. Percy Shelley died from drowning. Percy was the heir to rich estates acquired by his grandfather, Bysshe. Percy Shelley's first wife, Harriet Shelley, had committed suicide and when the body was recovered three days later he had married Mary Shelley. Along with Mary Shelley finishing up Frankenstein Percy Shelley had written his twelve-canto romance-epic "Laon and Cythna; or , The Revolution of the Golden City".

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The application of pulses of electric current to body tissues provoking the contraction muscles

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- Gothic/Dark Romanticism (subgenre) - focuses on the flaws of humanity and how it leads to a destruction of ourselves
- Themes - shadowy approach to reality, psychological effects of guilt and sin, struggle of human nature, self-destruction, deterioration of the mind

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A literary movement spanning the beginning in the 1790's and ending roughly around the 1850's 

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A literary movement spanning the beginning in the 1790's and ending roughly around the 1850's 

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Focused on ideas of individual experiences, idealization of women, and embracing isolation and melancholy

A subcategory of Romanticism was Gothic Romance. These novels were usually set in haunted castles, medieval ruins  or other dark places. They involved the supernatural and were filled with horror.

Key Aspects of Gothic Romance:
1. Set in a haunted castle or house
2. Damsel in distress
3. Atmosphere of mystery or suspense
4. There is ghost or monster
5. Weather is always awful
6. Dreaming/nightmares
7. Burdened male protagonist
8. Melodrama
9. Death
10. The best within

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- writer, philosopher, and one of the first extreme feminists
- her most famous work is "A Vindication of the Rights of Women"
- purpose of her book was to argue that women should be treated with equal respect to men, society breeds women to be helpless in a household and the solution to that was through educational reform
- wanted the reform of female education, and stated that it was essential for a woman's dignity that they have the right to earn their own living and work
- she advocated that women shouldn't become slaves of marriage (which traditional British society expected)
- ironic because she ended up marrying someone due to pregnancy

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Gothic literature is a part of the Romanticism movement, it's main qualities being, fear, terror, supernatural elements, etc. It had similar aspects to Romantic literature in the sense that the scenery were usually dark and omniscient in both concepts. People became obsessed with fear and its application in romance, such as tragedy and sadness that came through both romantic literature and gothic.

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A social code derived from nature that all humans follow

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Interest in the common man and childhood.

Strong senses, emotions, and feelings.

Awe of nature.

Celebration of the individual.

Importance of imagination.

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- There were very few advancements in the medical world during this time.
- After the American Revolution, medicine became more organized.
- The very few medically trained physicians had been educated in Europe, particularly Edinburgh, and Scotland.
- Life expectancy was short due to childhood disease.
- 1789 data showed that life expectancy for males was 34
- medicine improved slowly

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- born on April 27, 1759 in London
- grew up with an abusive father
- left her home in 1780 when her mother passed away and dedicated her life to writing
- Her and her friend, 🤬, established a school in 1784
- wrote Thoughts on the Education of Daughters based on her teaching experiences
- when 🤬 died in 1785, Wollstonecraft became a private teacher for the Kingsborough family
- she didn't like the job so she became a translator and adviser to publicist Joseph Johnson
- Johnson was known for publishing radical texts
- Johnson launched the Analytical Review in 1788 which was essentially a forum for radical and religious ideas, Wollstonecraft consistently contributed to this forum
- Wollstonecraft published her most famous work, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, within four years of working for Johnson
- not done yet

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- acting for the sake of preservation of one's self
- id (primitive, instinctual, based on desire), ego (rationality, conscious and unconscious mind), and superego (morals morals and standards put into place by parents and society)

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The beliefs that imagination is superior to reason and devotion to beauty

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- She was an advocate of women rights.
- Because of this she was very well liked and represented women in a higher light.
- Whenever she had the chance she always made sure to preach feminism so that one day men and women would be treated equally.
- As one of the few female authors she felt very intimidated by the male authors in the industry.

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Mary Shelley was a teenager when she published Frankenstein

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Mary Shelley was a teenager when she published Frankenstein

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-Married to William Godwin for 6 months before her death
-Godwin was a journalist, philosopher and novelist
-Mary died September 10, 1797
-Killed from septicaemia or a disease in which large amounts of bacteria are in the blood
-Died 10 days after birthing Mary Shelly
-Obtained disease from doctor not washing hands before delivery began

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Mary Shelley kept her husband's heart until she passed away.

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Mary Shelley kept her husband's heart until she passed away.

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Wanted educational equality between men and women

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-parish constables, aka "petty constables"
-watchmen
-Riot Act of 1714 (repealed in 1973):
authorized local authorities to declare unlawfully assembled groups of 12 or more people to disperse or face punishment

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Galvanism forms the basis of Frankenstein. "Conductive bolts in the neck and electro-chemical equipment, normally generators, and stormy nights replete with lightning bolts culminate in bringing the monster to life."

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Only one of her three children lived to adulthood

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Only one of her three children lived to adulthood

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- she did not fit in with natural law and was outcasted because she acted against it
- deaths/trauma from her mom, baby, and husband during her life
- her relationship with the natural law greatly influenced her work

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- Edward Jenner, an English physician, developed the smallpox vaccine. (1796)
- Rene Laennec, a French physician invented the stethoscope. (1816)
-Most medical advancements were made by European physicians.

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Born:  August 30, 1797
Died: February 1, 1851

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Percy Shelley was more progressive than other writers during his time. In 1817, he wrote a long narrative poem that referenced attacks on religion, resulting in it being withdrawn. In 1819, he wrote "A Philisophical View of Reform" and discussed the rise of 'the rich'. He also believed that equality was the natural state which was ahead of his time.
He and a peer at Oxford wrote a piece supporting atheism and was expelled. He was a vegetarian, had radical political views, and was involved in relationships with many women.

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Percy Shelly died while sailing at sea. Many believe that Percy Shelly was depressed and he decided to kill himself. others believe that he simply did not have the knowledge to navigate the ocean. A small amount believe that he was killed by the British secret service for his political views

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- Doctors and scientist would go out looking for corpse, to study anatomy on
- Regular people would dig up bodies and sell them to anatomist
- Dissection before 1832 was more common then we believe

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Jean Jacques Rousseau

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The criminal Justice system, much like in other countries, was very biased and often played to the benefit of the wealthy. It was extremely riddled with corruption and often only served to keep people in power.

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Mary and Percy Shelley's Obsession with Revival of the Dead

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Mary and Percy Shelley's Obsession with Revival of the Dead

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When Mary and Percy Shelley's son, William Shelley was about to pass away, Mary and Percy were so convinced that William could be revived from death. Their family physician was able to keep William alive for 4 extra days when he was in the process of passing away and that pushed them to believe that there was a possibility he could be revived. It also doesn't help that when Mary's mother passed away while giving birth to her, she was obsessed with knowing more about her mother and finding ways to bring her back to life in a sense.

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Frankenstein was hated when it first came out but was adapted in 1910 as the very first horror film in history. 

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Frankenstein was hated when it first came out but was adapted in 1910 as the very first horror film in history. 

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Mary met Percy Shelley when she was fifteen, and he was twenty (and married).

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1816: Rene Laennec invented the stethoscope
1803-05: Frederick Serturner was the first to isolate morphine
During the war of 1812, many professional healers based their medical practices off "humoral" which dates back to Ancient Greek

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London consisted of a series of separate courts spread across multiple levels, often with overlapping jurisdictions. And so criminal accusations could be dealt with in a number of different ways.

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She died of brain cancer in 1851

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While she is mainly known for her novel "Frankenstein", she also wrote other novels such as "The Last Man" and "Mathilda".

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Luigi Galvani was experimenting on dissected frogs when a metal rod accidentally touched a steel scalpel causing the frog's leg to twitch.

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Quick Facts

"Make women rational creatures, and free citizens, and they will quickly become good wives; - that is, if men do not neglect the duties of husbands and fathers."

Name

Mary Wollstonecraft

Birth Date

April 27, 1759

Death Date

September 10, 1797

Place of Birth

London, United Kingdom

Place of Death

London, United Kingdom

Full Name

Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin

Mary Wollstonecraft was an English writer who advocated for women's equality. Her book 'A Vindication of the Rights of Woman' pressed for educational reforms.

Who Was Mary Wollstonecraft?

Brought up by an abusive father, Mary Wollstonecraft left home and dedicated herself to a life of writing. While working as a translator to Joseph Johnson, a publisher of radical texts, she published her most famous work, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. She died 10 days after her second daughter, Mary, was born.

Early Life and First Works

Feminist writer and intellectual Mary Wollstonecraft was born on April 27, 1759, in Spitalfields, London. Her father was abusive and spent his somewhat sizable fortune on a series of unsuccessful ventures in farming. Perturbed by the actions of her father and by her mother's death in 1780, Wollstonecraft set out to earn her own livelihood. In 1784, Mary, her sister Eliza and her best friend, Fanny, established a school in Newington Green. From her experiences teaching, Wollstonecraft wrote the pamphlet Thoughts on the Education of Daughters (1787).

When her friend Fanny died in 1785, Wollstonecraft took a position as governess for the Kingsborough family in Ireland. Spending her time there to mourn and recover, she eventually found she was not suited for domestic work. Three years later, she returned to London and became a translator and an adviser to Joseph Johnson, a noted publisher of radical texts. When Johnson launched the Analytical Review in 1788, Mary became a regular contributor. Within four years, she published her most famous work, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792). In the work, she clearly abhors prevailing notions that women are helpless adornments of a household. Instead, she states that society breeds "gentle domestic brutes" and that a confined existence makes women frustrated and transforms them into tyrants over their children and servants. The key, she purports, is educational reform, giving women access to the same educational opportunities as men.

The ideas in her book were truly revolutionary at the time and caused tremendous controversy. Wollstonecraft also wrote Maria, or the Wrongs of Woman, which asserted that women had strong sexual desires and that it was degrading and immoral to pretend otherwise.

Personal Life, Death and Legacy

In 1792, while visiting friends in France, Wollstonecraft met Captain Gilbert Imlay, an American timber merchant and adventurer. Taken by him, she soon became pregnant. They named their daughter Fanny, after Mary's best friend. While nursing her firstborn, Wollstonecraft wrote a conservative critique of the French Revolution in An Historical and Moral View of the Origin and Progress of the French Revolution. She also wrote a deeply personal travel narrative, Letters Written During a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, which became her most popular book in the 1790s. After their travels to Scandinavia, Imlay left her.

Mary recovered, finding new hope in a relationship with William Godwin, the founder of philosophical anarchism. Despite their belief in the tyranny of marriage, the couple eventually wed due to her pregnancy. In 1797, their daughter Mary (who later famously wrote Frankenstein), was born. Eleven days later, due to complications of childbirth, Wollstonecraft died.

The life and legacy of Wollstonecraft has been the subject of several biographies, beginning with her husband's Memoirs of the Author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1798). For many years, the scandalous aspects of her life (such as her two children born out of wedlock) were more noted than her works. The 1900s brought renewed interest in her writings. In 2011, her image was projected onto the Palace of Westminster to raise support for a permanent statue of the author.

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"Make women rational creatures, and free citizens, and they will quickly become good wives; - that is, if men do not neglect the duties of husbands and fathers." Name Mary Wollstonecraft Birth Date April 27, 1759 Death Date September 10, 1797 Place of Birth London, United Kingdom Place of Death London, United Kingdom Full Name Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin Mary Wollstonecraft was an English writer who advocated for women's equality.

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Many minor offences could be adjudicated by a single justice, or pair of justices, acting under summary jurisdiction; the scope of which increased substantially in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. 

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Many minor offences could be adjudicated by a single justice, or pair of justices, acting under summary jurisdiction; the scope of which increased substantially in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. 