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Photo Credits: Original photograph taken by Mamie Till Bradley, digital version taken from questionable source

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1955: Exoneration of Emmett Till's Murderers

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1955: Exoneration of Emmett Till's Murderers

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Emmett Till was a 14 year old, African American male, who was lynched in Mississippi after being accused of offending a white woman in her family's grocery store. The brutal nature of his killing drew attention to the long history of persecution of black people in the United States. In September of 1955, an all-white jury found Roy Bryant and J.W. Milam not guilty of Till's murder. Because the two men were protected by double jeopardy, they publicly admitted in a magazine interview that they did in fact kill Emmett Till.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmett_Till

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Photo Credits: National Archives and Records Administration Records of the U.S. Information Agency Record Group 306

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Rosa Parks was an African American activist in the civil rights movement best known for her crucial role in the Montgomery bus boycott. On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Parks rejected the bus driver's order to give up her seat, along with three other black passengers, for a white man. After her refusal, she was arrested for civil disobedience in violating Alabama segregation laws, inspiring the black community to boycott Montgomery buses for over a year.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Parks

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The Little Rock Nine were a group of nine black students who enrolled at a formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, and a test of Brown v. Board of Education, a 1954 Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation unconstitutional. On September 4, 1957, the first day of classes, Governor Orval Faubus called the Arkansas National Guard to block the black students from entering the high school. Later that month, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent in federal troops to escort the Little Rock Nine, drawing national attention to the movement.

Source: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/central-high-school-integration

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Photo Credit: White House - Eisenhower Presidential Library

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Although all Americans had gained the right to vote, many southern states made it difficult for its black citizens. At elections, they often required prospective voters of color to take literacy tests that were purposefully confusing and nearly impossible to pass. On September 9, 1957, President Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1957, resulting in federal prosecution of anyone who tried to prevent someone from voting.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1957

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Photo Credit: News & Record Staff, © News & Record

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The Greensboro sit-in was a civil rights protest that started in 1960, when four African American college students in Greensboro, North Carolina refused to leave a Woolworth's "whites only" lunch counter without being served. The movement spread to college towns throughout the South and though many protesters were arrested, their actions made an immediate impact, forcing establishments to change their segregationist policies.

Source: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/the-greensboro-sit-in

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The March on Washington was a massive protest march that took place on August 28, 1963, when over 250,000 people gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. Also referred to as the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the event aimed to draw attention to the challenges and inequalities faced by African Americans each and every day, as well as forcing civil rights legislation and establish job equality for all. The highlight of the march was civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech, stimulating the national civil rights movement and became a slogan for equality and freedom.

Source: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/march-on-washington

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Photo Credit: Ed Ford, World Telegram staff photographer - Library of Congress. New York World-Telegram & Sun Collection.

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Malcolm X was an African American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a prominent figure during the civil rights movement. A spokesman for the Nation of Islam, he was a vocal advocate for black empowerment and advocate for Islam within the black community, that is until his brutal assassination on February 21, 1965.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_X

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1968: Martin Luther King Jr.'s Assassination

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1968: Martin Luther King Jr.'s Assassination

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On April 4, 1968, civil rights leader and Nobel Peace Prize recipient Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated on his hotel room's balcony. Dr. King led the civil rights movement since the mid-1950s, using impassioned speeches and nonviolent protests to fight segregation and achieve significant advances for African Americans. As a result of his impact, emotionally-charged looting and riots followed, putting pressure on President Lyndon B. Johnson and his administration to push through additional civil rights laws.

Source: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/martin-luther-king-jr-assassination

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On the night of February 26, 2012, in Sanford, Florida, George Zimmerman fatally shot Trayvon Martin, a 17 year old African American high school student. Zimmerman shot Martin, who was unarmed, during a physical altercation between the two. Zimmerman was charged with murder, but acquitted after claiming self defense. The day after the verdict was delivered, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) created a petition formally requesting the Justice Department to open a civil rights case against George Zimmerman, and within hours, 130,000 people had signed it.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Trayvon_Martin#Allegations_against_Zimmerman

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Photo Credit: Family of the subject in question

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Tamir Rice, a 12 year old African American boy, was killed on November 22, 2014, by Timothy Loehmann, a white police officer. Rice was carrying a replica toy gun, and Loehmann shot him almost immediately after arriving on the scene. The incident received both national and international coverage, and occurred on the heels of several other high profile shootings of African American males by police officers.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Tamir_Rice

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On May 25, 2020, George Floyd, a 46 year old black man, was murdered in Minneapolis, Minnesota by Derek Chauvin, a white police officer. Floyd had been arrested on suspicion of using a counterfeit bill, and Chauvin knelt on Floyd's meck for over nine minutes while Floyd was handcuffed and lying face down on the concrete. Despite Floyd becoming distressed and expressing fear of imminent death, Chauvin ignored pleas from bystanders and kept kneeling on Floyd's neck. On April 20, 2021, Chauvin was convicted guilty of all counts, and sentenced to 22.5 years in prison on June 25. Floyd's murder led to a spark of worldwide protests against police brutality, racism, and lack of accountability, leading to an drastic increase of support for the Black Lives Matter movement.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd