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Due to its easy spreadability, AMR will increase the burden of disease as it spreads across the world between livestock and humans. This image shows a projected outcome of the global burden of disease caused by AMR and how each region is impacted differently. Africa has the highest burden while Australia, Europe, and North America have the lowest.

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Antimicrobial resistance has significant consequences for the health of the population as well as the economic implications. Around 25,000 people in Europe die each year due to hospital-acquired infections caused by resistant bacteria which costs around 1.5 billion to healthcare and to the society.  Due to the increasing proportion of the population over 65 years and their higher co-morbidity rates as well as the more complicated procedures with high infection risks, the need for antimicrobials will only increase. As the number of untreatable infections increases and the effectiveness of antibiotics decreases, morbidity rates will continue to go up.

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Considering that the issue of antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern for the burden of global health, it is important to understand the causes of AMR in the first place. Causes of this issue can come in the form of over prescribing antibiotics, patients not taking antibiotics as prescribed, unnecessary antibiotics in agriculture, poor hygiene, lack of rapid laboratory tests, and many others. In order to get this issue under control, these root causes must be addressed and the proper precautions must be taken to ensure that AMR does not continue to develop and spread.

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The development of antibiotics has been extremely important and essential to modern science and the treatment of sicknesses. Although antibiotics have and continue to save millions of lives, antimicrobial resistance threatens this progress by making antibiotics increasingly less effective. In my concept map, I will discuss the various factors of antimicrobial resistance including the causes, its spreadability, and the ways in which it increases the global burden of disease.

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AMR is a result of various factors including inappropriate antibiotic prescribing and sales, use of antibiotics outside of the health care sector, and genetic factors. In the United States alone, AMR organisms cause more than 2 million infections and are associated with approximately 23,000 deaths every year. In order to find solutions, we must further understand the current epidemiology of important resistant organisms and possibly come up with other ways to neutralize the severity of certain diseases.

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This image depicts the ways in which AMR can spread throughout the food chain. All it takes in one person or even one animal to develop the resistant bacteria in order to spread it to others in the community. Due to the ways in which antimicrobial resistance spreads so easily between animals and humans, and the subsequent effect that has on the antibiotic's ability to treat illnesses, the disease burden of the population will grow as more people become resistant to the cures of their illnesses.