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The seas has risen over the couple of decades. The sea levels has risen 8-9 inches since 1880. The sea levels have risen more faster. It has risen over 0.6 inches per year through out most of the twentieth century , to o.14 inches per year 2006-2015.

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In Afghanistan droughts are more constant in parts of the country, like how there is a dry spell in the north and west right now, the second time in three years. The last time there was a drought it left people in need of aid, it left four million people without food and it even forced 371,000 out of their homes the lasts drought was in 2018. Because of droughts and flooding its made it very hard for farmers and herders to do their  jobs. Afghanistan as warmed two times as much as the global average, so if climate change keeps going at this rate who knows what Afghanistan will look like in the future.

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Hurricane Ida gets its power from the oceans warm water due to climate change. scientists say "its the poster child for climate change" with its 150mph winds. its the most powerful storm US has seen knocking down 120,000 homes and !.89 inches of rain in NY in the short time of one hour. since climate change is making the oceans hotter its making the storm more powerful. source: https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2021/08/29/how-climate-change-helped-make-hurricane-ida-one-louisianas-worst/

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Hurricane Ida battered the coastline on Aug. 29, ripping roofs from buildings and pummeling trees. (The Washington Post)

From its birth, the storm was destined to become a monster.

It formed from air that was hot, moist and thick with clouds. It incubated in the sultry Gulf of Mexico, drawing power from water that was unusually warm.

By the time Hurricane Ida made landfall in Port Fourchon, La., on Sunday, it was the poster child for a climate change-driven disaster. The fast-growing, ferocious storm brought 150-mile-per-hour wind, torrential rain and several feet of storm surge to the most vulnerable part of the U.S. coast. It rivals the most powerful storm ever to strike the state.

"People there are going to get blasted," said Kerry Emanuel, an atmospheric scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who studies the physics of hurricanes and their connection to theclimate. "This is exactly the kind of thing we're going to have to get used to as the planet warms."

Hurricane Ida is the latest storm to batter the United States this summer. Tropical Storm Henri weakened as it inundated coastal communities in New England earlier this month, but it still knocked out power to more than 120,000 homes in three states and dumped a record 1.89 inches of rain on New York City in just one hour.

And hurricane season is far from over, as five other tropical systems are now sweeping over the Atlantic Ocean.

But for now, all eyes are on Ida.

Scientists had been bracing for the worst since the moment forecasters identified a tropical depression forming last week. The Gulf of Mexico in August is always a hotbed of hurricane formation. "This time of year, it's like bathtub water," said Brian Tang, an atmospheric scientist at the University at Albany in New York.

Lately, conditions in the ocean have been exceptionally bad. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, parts of the Gulf are three to five degrees Fahrenheit higher than the average for the end of the 20th century. Research shows that human greenhouse gas emissions have caused the ocean to warm faster in recent years than at any point since the end of the last ice age.

All this warm water is to hurricanes what gasoline is to a car engine, Tang said. A powerful storm takes energy from the ocean and converts it into roiling clouds and roaring winds.

As Ida developed, it traveled over the hottest parts of the gulf, sucking up energy to fuel its rapid growth. With no shifting upper atmosphere winds to disrupt it, the ring of thunderstorms around the hurricane's center - called the eyewall - started to churn faster and faster.

Even worse, the sea surface temperature rose as the hurricane got closer to the coast.

"That's really like stepping on the accelerator," Tang said. "Flooring it, basically."

Barely 24 hours after it was identified as an unnamed tropical depression in the Caribbean on Thursday, its wind speeds reached 75 miles per hour - enough for the storm to be upgraded to a hurricane. By Saturday night, winds were hitting 105 miles per hour, making Ida a Category 2 storm.

Kimberly Wood, an atmospheric scientist at Mississippi State University, went to bed with a sinking feeling in her gut.

She woke Sunday to reports from the National Hurricane Center that peak winds were at 150 miles per hour. She thought of all the people who would not have time to evacuate in response to the sudden escalation.

She looked again at satellite images showing what scientists call a "well-organized" storm.

Wood wishes that the scientific terminology didn't sound so much like a compliment. "It sounds like we're cheering it on, but we're not," she said. "I feel sick to my stomach."

Emanuel of MIT calls such rapid intensification a "canary in the mine" for climate change. Warmer conditions raise the "potential intensity" for storms - in other words, how bad they can get if nothing disrupts them. Climate change has also widened the disparity between the amount of heat in the ocean and the amount of moisture the atmosphere can hold, which accelerates the process of evaporation and energy transfer.

"Things happen faster," he said. "It's getting to a larger velocity, and it's taking less time to get there."

In a 2017 paper published in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Emanuel found that once-in-a-century intensification events - in which wind speeds accelerate about 70 miles per hour in just 24 hours - could happen every five to 10 years by 2100. Human-caused warming could lead to never-before-seen escalation of hurricanes, causing unheard-of surge in wind speeds of 100 miles per hour or more.

Sign up for the latest news about climate change, energy and the environment, delivered every Thursday

Climate change not only sets the stage for bigger, fiercer, faster storms, it also makes the deadliest aspect of hurricanes - a deluge of water - even more intense.

For each degree Celsius that air heats up, it is able to hold 7 percent more moisture. This leads to exponentially heavier precipitation during storms.

Rainfall from Hurricane Harvey, which hit Houston in 2017, was made at least 15 percent worse by human-caused warming. Emanuel has found that events like it could become six times more frequent by the end of the century.

"It's hard to say for any one thing, 'Yes, for sure this is climate change,' " Wood said. "But the warmer waters and the amount of moisture in the air, this in general is going to increase as the climate warms."

Torrential rain can worsen the effects of hurricanes even when the wind isn't very strong. Wood noted that Hurricane Henri had deteriorated to a tropical storm by the time it made landfall in Rhode Island, but its torrential rain triggered widespread flooding.

In a small stroke of luck for residents of coastal Louisiana and Mississippi, Hurricane Ida is not expected to slow down significantly as it moves across the land - a behavior that made rainfall from Harvey and Henri especially extreme. But meteorologists still have forecast as much as 20 inches of rain for areas in Ida's path.

Rising sea levels linked to global warming will also exacerbate the storm's effect. Few places in the United States have suffered more from rising waters as Louisiana, where seas in some areas are 24 inches above their 1950 levels. This is partly because of development that has eroded the coastline and caused land to sink. But it is made worse by faraway melting glaciers and the fact that ocean water expand as they warm.

The higher the baseline sea level, the more water will be pushed on shore by wind during hurricanes.

Wood urged residents not to underestimate the potential power of all this water. Just six inches of moving water can knock a healthy adult to the ground. Two feet is enough to float a car, sweeping away the vehicle and anyone inside it.

A 2014 study in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society found that 76 percent of fatalities from hurricanes between 1963 and 2012 were caused by storm surge or flooding.

"Those who are hunkering down on the coast are going to be pretty battered from this," Wood said.

In an era when climate change has raised the bar for how bad hurricanes can become, Emanuel said, Hurricane Ida is a hint of what can happen when a storm reaches its "full potential."

Energized by hot water, unobstructed by landforms or disruptive wind, Ida surged ashore Sunday with overwhelming force. Towering waves have ripped boats from their moorings and threatened to sweep people out to sea. Trees toppled and roofs went flying amid brutal blasts of wind.

With conditions too dangerous to attempt rescue operations, officials pleaded with people in flooded areas to stay in their homes and wait for the storm to pass.

This monster could not be battled or outrun. As night fell on Louisiana and Ida plowed inland, all people could do was endure.

Updated August 26, 2021

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How climate change helped make Hurricane Ida one of Louisiana's worst

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From its birth, the storm was destined to become a monster. It formed from air that was hot, moist and thick with clouds. It incubated in the sultry Gulf of Mexico, drawing power from water that was unusually warm.

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willed fires in California can be seen on NASA's MISR instrument. the wiled fires has scorched over 1 million acres of land. you can see the smoke from the cameras placed on the spacecraft the image on the left is showing how high the smoke is.

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The climate change is getting so bad that this mid west city is trying to flee to a safer place because sea levels are rising and wildfires are spreading

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In Colorado a called Lake Mead is drying up fast. The lake is a reservoir constructed by Hoover Dam. The river supplies water for 40 million people from Colorado to Nevada, California, Arizona and Mexico. The river has not been full since 1983 and has been getting lower and lower  on water since from the climate change.

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Antarctica and Greenland are melting, the ice that is melting is causing the water level to rise. The water rising could do extreme amounts of damage to the ocean, Boston and shanghai. Scientists are still trying to figure out how long it's going to take for them  to be completely melted but have estimated that it would be done melting by 2100.

Source: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/antarctic-greenland-ice-melt-less-bad

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It's not exactly news that Greenland and Antarctica are shedding ice at record rates.

But in 2016, an eyebrow-raising idea ricocheted through the scientific community: It was possible, the authors said, that a warmer planet could push the towering ice cliffs at the fringes of the Antarctic ice sheet to essentially self-destruct, collapsing like a set of dominoes.

What was extra shocking was just how fast the ice could retreat under this runaway scenario, leading to about three feet of sea level rise fed from Antarctica alone by 2100-much faster than previous estimates, which generally proposed increases of only a few centimeters by the end of the century.

But two new pieces of research, published Wednesday in Nature, suggest a more measured retreat is likely in the coming decades. Both studies revise the estimates of just how much sea levels will rise by 2100 downward, suggesting that Antarctica could contribute somewhere between about three to 16 inches to the world's oceans under the "worst case" scenarios.

Adding that to the other components that make up sea level rise-how the ocean expands as it warms (which will likely add about 10 inches), the melt from mountain glaciers (about six inches), and changes to the amount of water stored in lakes and rivers on land (one and a half inches), and the total is still a daunting number somewhere between just under two- to over three- foot range.

That is in no way a get-out-of-jail-free card, say the authors of both studies. It's still an enormous amount of extra water that could slosh up onto coasts, enough to debilitate cities from Boston to Shanghai. But the most drastic impacts of sea-level rise, they say, are likely to kick in only after the turn of the century, giving communities around the world more time to adapt.

What's more, changes to the ice sheets in both Greenland and Antarctica could also trigger planet-wide shifts in temperature, ocean circulation, and many other parts of the climate system, says says Nick Golledge, a climate scientist at the Antarctic Research Center of the University of Victoria, Wellington, and the lead author of one of the studies.

"The sea-level estimates maybe aren't as bad as we thought, but the climate predictions are worse," says Golledge.

( See what the world would look like if all the ice melted.)

Wait-Ice could disappear HOW fast?

More and more evidence emerges every year showing that the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are getting smaller. But the holy grail questions for scientists and communities everywhere concern their future: How much smaller will they get, and how fast will they shrink?

The answers will reverberate far beyond the scientific community. If residents of Palau are going to have an extra three feet of water sloshing at their doorstep by 2100, they need to know sooner rather than later.

To answer these questions, scientists had to develop computer simulations that mimicked the ways the ice sheets behave. To check whether they were working right, scientists would compare their models to real observations.

But only recently have satellites been launched into space that could precisely weigh the ice sheet from afar, giving a concrete sense of how much ice is sloughing off. These data go back only a few decades-barely a blink of Earth's eye.

So scientists looked to the past, to periods like the Pliocene, about 3.4 million years ago, or the Last Interglacial, about 120 thousand years ago-periods when the planet was as warm or warmer than today. They tested whether their models matched up with what we knew about how the ice sheets melted and how high sea levels rose at those times in the past.

One study, led by researchers from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst and Penn State, found that the ice sheets in their models could only match that data from the past if they included a mechanism called the "marine ice cliff instability."

The idea was simple: Ice is a material, like steel or wood, that can stand only so much stress before it bends or breaks. Many ice sheets in both Greenland and Antarctica stretch out into the sea around them, like the cap of a mushroom floating on top of the water below. Those edges are "buttressed," or supported, by long tongues of ice shelves, which help keep the ice behind them stable. But if those ice shelves are lost, they can leave in their wake tall cliffs towering over the ocean or rock below. And if those cliffs are tall-over about 300 feet-the ice behind will fail, shearing off in enormous blocks.

This process-called "MICI," for "marine ice cliff instability"-seems to be underway at the Jakobshaven glacier in Greenland. A buttressing ice shelf melted away, leaving the glacier behind it to retreat even more rapidly, '"unzipping" into the ice sheet," Richard Alley, a climate scientist from Penn State who was not involved in the study wrote in an email.

MICI hasn't yet been observed in Antarctica, where there are much larger glaciers. But if MICI were triggered there, the authors suggested, the collapse of some major glaciers, like Thwaites or Pine Island in West Antarctica, could ensue rapidly and irreversibly, committing the oceans to an extra nine feet of water over the coming centuries.

These numbers were bigger and coming sooner than most of the previous estimates. So across the scientific community, researchers started asking: Was MICI real? Was it possible that it could influence the vast glaciers of West Antarctica, some of which were at least ten times bigger than Jakobshaven?

"The question was, this hasn't been observed in Antarctica, and certainly not on such a scale," says Frank Pattyn, a glaciologist at the Free University of Brussels in Belgium who was not involved in the study. "We were all asking, can such a mechanism be scaled to the bigger place?"

( Read about how one ice shelf on the Antarctic Peninsula may be the first of many to collapse).

Do the models need MICI?

Tamsin Edwards, a climate scientist at Kings College in London, read the original paper and immediately wondered whether she could use careful, sophisticated math to better pin down the likelihood of MICI occurring.

In her office amidst the snowy peaks of Grenoble, France, where she was visiting, she started to work through the model, using statistics to dig into the details of how the different pieces of physics might influence the overall shape, size, and behavior of the ice sheets-both in the past, at those hot points in Earth's climate history, and in the modern world, where satellite data could tell her precisely where the ice sheets were melting most. Once she could tell that the results from the model matched up with data describing the past and present, she could be more confident that it would forecast the future well.

She found that when she "turned off" the MICI part of the model, she could still find answers that matched up with those past and present reconstructions of the ice sheet.

That doesn't mean that MICI doesn't exist, she says. But it does mean that there's a lot more work to be done to understand how, why, and maybe when it might kick in.

And when she and her colleagues looked at what the MICI-less versions of the model predicted would happen to the ice sheet in the future, they found that sea-level rise ramped up significantly in the 2060-2070 decade, but hit not more than about 16 inches under the IPCC's RCP 8.5 scenario (commonly referred to as the "worst case" scenario).

What happens in the Antarctic...

In a separate analysis, the team led by Golledge found that their ice sheet model could match the modern and Last Interglacial records well-also without MICI. Warm water soaking the base of the ice sheets, they found, was enough to force key parts of the ice sheet to melt away.

They used that model to predict how the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets will speed up their melting in the coming decades. If the world continues to burn greenhouse gases unabated, following the worst-case scenario, the authors predict that the two ice sheets will add about 10 inches to the world's oceans by 2100.

That number is similar to what the IPCC projected for the "worst case scenario" in their last comprehensive report in 2013, predicting about nine inches of sea level rise from Greenland and Antarctica. It is smaller than the number predicted by the 2016 study, which said that Antarctica alone might feed more than three feet of sea level rise into the oceans by 2100.

The sea level rise estimates may be lower, but the overall picture of how melting ice sheets will affect climate is grim.

Golledge and his colleagues also attached their ice sheet model to a global climate model, in order to see how the impacts of ice melting at the poles would influence climate and oceans in farflung parts of the world (in the past, ice sheet models have traditionally been run separately, primarily because computers haven't been powerful enough to link them together).

Changes in the ice sheets, they found, could influence global climate profoundly-slowing down major ocean circulation pathways, skewing air temperatures around the world, and somewhat surprisingly, making climate more variable from year to year.

"What happens in the Antarctic does not stay in the Antarctic, and that's what they show very clearly," says Pattyn.

The impacts are already leaking out of the poles. "We're living in a time when, even in the last few years, we have seen extreme weather events become even more and more common," says Golledge. "Dealing with steady warming is easier, in many ways. But if things are just unpredictable and extremely variable from year to year-well, that's a much harder problem for society to solve."

MICI in the future

Does MICI exist? It's still not clear, says Matthieu Morlighem, a cryosphere scientist at the University of California, Irvine, who was not involved in the studies. But scientists are throwing their weight into solving the question.

"The holy grail is to find a law that would apply to every single glacier in Greenland and Antarctica that would capture the way that glaciers calve and transform," says Morlighem.

And we certainly should not rule it out, says Alley. "If sufficient warming occurs to remove the ice shelf of Thwaites Glacier in West Antarctica, and to drive retreat into the deep basins, the calving cliff could be much higher and wider than at Jakobshavn, generating higher stresses, which would be expected to drive faster fracture based on well-understood physical principles," he wrote, "leav[ing] the real chance of retreat beyond some threshold becoming very rapid."

This story has been updated to clarify the values of the potential sea level rise contributions from the different ice sheets at the end of the century.

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Antarctica's ice is melting, but the scariest prediction for the future may be on hold

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It's not exactly news that Greenland and Antarctica are shedding ice at record rates. But in 2016, an eyebrow-raising idea ricocheted through the scientific community: It was possible, the authors said, that a warmer planet could push the towering ice cliffs at the fringes of the Antarctic ice sheet to essentially self-destruct, collapsing like a set of dominoes.

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The chaparral fire started burning around noon on Saturday august 27th, and has burned around 1,400 acres of California country side. 150 fire fighters, 2 helicopters, 4 air tanks, and 23 engines are taking care of the blaze. The Caldor fire, which has been ravaging the country side east of Sacramento for around 2 weeks, is the states "number one priority".

source: https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/29/weather/us-wildfires-update-sunday/index.html

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New California wildfire forces evacuations and grows to 1,200 acres in less than 6 hours | CNN

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Some San Diego County residents have been forced from their homes because of a new wildfire, the Chaparral Fire, burning southwest of Murrieta, California.

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the oceans were warming up causing the hurricane more power and possibly killing and injuring people and or animals

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The bootleg fire in Oregon caused by months of drought is the biggest wildfire of the year so far, that has already burned 340.000 square acres. this is just one of many wildfires burning around the world right now. these wildfires are so extreme that they can generate there own weather creating things such as "fire tornadoes" they are made the same way as a normal tornadoe but they are made of flames instead of just wind and air.

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the US is at war with afghanistan. over 241000 people died in afghanistan seance 2001.

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Due to the climate change fueled drought in the west, Lake Mead, a river reservoir east to the Nevada and Arizona border, recorded its lowest water level since it was filled in the 1930s. Though a drought on Lake Mead was to be predicted with or without climate change, 25,000,000 people rely on its water. The last time Lake Mead was considered to be full was 2000. Farmers will be largely effected by water shortages, and some Native tribes across the river basin have been promised water they have yet to receive. If a certain amount of water isn't maintained, water will stop flowing into Lake Mead 

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Due to the climate change fueled drought in the west, Lake Mead, a river reservoir east to the Nevada and Arizona border, recorded its lowest water level since it was filled in the 1930s. Though a drought on Lake Mead was to be predicted with or without climate change, 25,000,000 people rely on its water. The last time Lake Mead was considered to be full was 2000. Farmers will be largely effected by water shortages, and some Native tribes across the river basin have been promised water they have yet to receive. If a certain amount of water isn't maintained, water will stop flowing into Lake Mead 

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According to climate.gov, for the past 200 years the global mean sea level has risen around 8-9 inches. This is caused by several different ways including glaciers melting due to global warming. This threatens jobs across coastlines, risks lives, and creates damaging floods.

Source: https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-sea-level

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Last month Germany and Belgium had an extremely rare occasion, a 1-in-400 chance of the amount of rainfall they had, that caused a flood. This event is 1.2 to 9 times more likely to happen now after the heat trapping gases warmed the world.  Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/23/climate/germany-floods-climate-change.html

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Warming increased the likelihood of the record downpours last month in Germany and Belgium and also made them wetter, according to a study.

The roof of a home destroyed by floods in July collapsed into the Ahr River in Rech, Germany. Credit... Christof Stache/Agence France-Presse - Getty Images

The violent and deadly flooding in Germany and Belgium last month was an extremely rare event, scientists said Monday, but one that was made more likely by climate change.

The scientists found that the record rainfall that led to the flooding, including a 24-hour total of 3.5 inches in the Ahr and Erft river valleys in western Germany, was a 400-year event, meaning in any given year there was a 1-in-400 chance of such a downpour occurring in the region.

But the analysis showed that while rare, such an event was 1.2 to 9 times more likely now than it would have been more than a century ago, before emissions of heat-trapping gases warmed the world by more than 1 degree Celsius (about 2 degrees Fahrenheit).

And if the world warms to 2 degrees Celsius, as is likely without drastic cuts in emissions, the probability of such an event would increase even more, becoming 1.2 to 1.4 times likely as currently.

"It's still a rare event," said Maarten van Aalst, director of the International Red Cross/Red Crescent Climate Center, who contributed to the research. "But it is an event we should be increasingly prepared for."

The researchers also found that warming had increased the intensity, or amount of precipitation, of such a heavy rainfall by 3 percent to 19 percent. And at 2 degrees Celsius, the intensity would increase another 0.8 percent to 6 percent. Both findings are in keeping with a basic fact of climate change, that warmer air holds more moisture.

The heavy rains in mid-July caused floodwaters to surge through river valleys in north-central Europe, carving up villages and leaving destruction and death behind. More than 220 people were killed, most of them in Germany.

During the flooding, the peak flow of the relatively small Ahr River was closer to that of the Rhine, one of Europe's largest. "You had a huge river for a short amount of time rushing through the valley of the Ahr," said Enno Nilson, of the German Federal Institute of Hydrology, who was also part of the research team.

The study is the latest in the growing field of rapid attribution science, which examines extreme weather events like downpours and heat waves to see whether they were influenced by climate change, and if so, to what extent. It was conducted by World Weather Attribution, a collaboration among climate scientists and others.

The studies are performed quickly, while the event is still in the public's mind. The speed usually means that the studies are not peer-reviewed until later, but they use peer-reviewed techniques of analysis, incorporating models and observational data.

The flooding study comes with some caveats, the researchers said. By itself, rainfall doesn't tell the whole story of a flood; river flow rates and water levels are better indicators of a storm's eventual impact. But the flooding destroyed many instruments that would have provided that data, "so we focused our assessment on heavy rainfall as the main driver," said Sarah Kew, a climate scientist with the Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute.

The rainstorms occurred over two relatively small areas, too small to be represented in many climate models. So the researchers used a "pooled regions" approach, including other areas from north of the Alps to the Netherlands.

Despite these limitations, "we still are quite confident that the results we provide are quite useful," said Frank Kreienkamp, a climate scientist with the German Meteorological Service.

The low end of the range of outcomes - that warming made such a rain event 1.2 times more likely - suggests that climate change had less of an influence and that the event was more a result of natural climate variability. But even that figure represents an increase in likelihood of 20 percent attributable to climate change, which is significant, Dr. Kew said.

The research was made public two weeks after the publication of a major United Nations report on climate change, which found, among other things, that extreme weather events will continue to increase in frequency and magnitude as warming continues.

"If you look at the results we found, they reinforce the conclusions" of the U.N. report, Dr. Kreienkamp said.

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Climate Change Contributed to Europe's Deadly Floods, Scientists Find

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Warming increased the likelihood of the record downpours last month in Germany and Belgium and also made them wetter, according to a study. The violent and deadly flooding in Germany and Belgium last month was an extremely rare event, scientists said Monday, but one that was made more likely by climate change.

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in parts of Afghanistan, temps have been higher than average. Meaning it has doubled and spring rains have declined and there are many droughts throughout Afghanistan. the hazards of Wars and climate change have been "colliding" punishing many people and us soilders.                                                   source: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/30/climate/afghanistan-climate-taliban.html?auth=link-dismiss-google1tap

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in parts of Afghanistan, temps have been higher than average. Meaning it has doubled and spring rains have declined and there are many droughts throughout Afghanistan. the hazards of Wars and climate change have been "colliding" punishing many people and us soilders.                                                   source: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/30/climate/afghanistan-climate-taliban.html?auth=link-dismiss-google1tap

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Climate change is fueling hurricanes like ida.Climate change helped ida rapidly gain strength right before it made landfall. In about 24 hours, it jumped from a Category 1 to a Category 4 storm as it moved over abnormally hot water in the Gulf of Mexico.

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Climate change is fueling hurricanes like ida.Climate change helped ida rapidly gain strength right before it made landfall. In about 24 hours, it jumped from a Category 1 to a Category 4 storm as it moved over abnormally hot water in the Gulf of Mexico.

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Climate change in Indiana is causing the  coldwater fish to drop. “One of the other effects of climate change is that rainfall especially in the spring  tends to come in bigger batches, stronger rainstorms so you get more flooding and more runoff that means you get more nutrients coming off the land.”

source:
https://www.wfyi.org/news/articles/purdue-climate-change-hurts-indiana-fish

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December 30, 2019

Article origination IPBS-RJC

Climate change is causing populations of Indiana's coldwater fish, the cisco, to drop.

Back in the 1950s, ciscoes were in more than 40 Indiana lakes. Now the Indiana Department of Natural Resources says it's only found in seven.

Barny Dunning teaches wildlife ecology at Purdue University. He says climate change increases the amounts of the two ingredients needed to create harmful algal blooms. The first is warmer water temperatures.

"One of the other effects of climate change is that our rainfall - especially in the spring - tends to come in bigger batches, stronger rainstorms," Dunning says. "So you get more flooding and more runoff - and that means you get more nutrients coming off the land."

Dunning says bigger algal blooms can deprive fish like ciscoes of oxygen in a lake.

Robert Ecenbarger has been fishing for ciscoes in Little Crooked Lake outside of Fort Wayne since the 1970s. He's won the state's Fish of the Year with ciscoes eight years in a row - the honor goes to the largest fish of that species caught that year.

"They're really good smoked to eat. They're a blast to catch. You've never seen a fish fight so hard and bite so light," Ecenbarger says.

Ecenbarger says they also feed a lot of the more popular fish to catch - like salmon and trout.

To save the fish, Purdue University researchers say landowners should work to prevent fertilizer and runoff from reaching Indiana's lakes.

Contact Rebecca at rthiele@iu.edu or follow her on Twitter at @beckythiele.

Indiana Environmental reporting is supported by the Environmental Resilience Institute, an Indiana University Grand Challenge project developing Indiana-specific projections and informed responses to problems of environmental change.

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The rally was part of a two-stop trip to West Lafayette and Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Sanders' visits to both Indiana and Iowa this weekend are being billed as a way to reach out to voters in more conservative areas.

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Public Affairs / August 27, 2021

State Sen. Dennis Kruse of Auburn said his years of service have been the "opportunity of a lifetime" and that he was retiring to spend more time with his wife and family.

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Purdue: Climate Change Hurts Indiana Fish

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December 30, 2019 Article origination IPBS-RJC Climate change is causing populations of Indiana's coldwater fish, the cisco, to drop. Back in the 1950s, ciscoes were in more than 40 Indiana lakes. Now the Indiana Department of Natural Resources says it's only found in seven. Barny Dunning teaches wildlife ecology at Purdue University.

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Hurricanes Ida went from being a category 1 to a category 4 hurricane because of climate change. How you wonder, because when the hurricane went over the Golf of Mexico the warm ocean water made the hurricane get more energy. When a hurricane gets more energy it becomes a lot more dangerous and deadly like hurricane Ida did.

Source:
https://www.npr.org/2021/08/30/1032442544/how-climate-change-is-fueling-hurricanes-like-ida

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Very hot temperatures have been happening in United States and Canada. It is creating aggravating droughts, it has been fueling wild fires, and creating many health conditions. Scientists say its a glimpse of what lies for us in the future.
Source: https://www.nbcnews.com/science/environment/heat-wave-2021-climate-scientists-warn-new-normal-rcna1664

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In a summer already full of extreme weather,it's the heat waves roasting hundreds of millions of people across three continents that are confirming a grim climate prophecy for many experts.

Sizzling temperatures in the United States and Canada and persistent heat in parts of Europe and northern Africa are creating dangerous health conditions, aggravating droughts and fueling wildfires around the world. And it's this troubling confluence of climate threats that researchers have been warning about for two decades.

"Climate scientists were predicting exactly these kinds of things, that there would be an enhanced threat of these types of extreme events brought on by increased warming," said Jonathan Martin, a professor of atmospheric science at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. "It's very distressing. These are not encouraging signs for our immediate future."

While August is typically one of the hottest months in the Northern Hemisphere, this week's heat waves add to a growing list of recent extremes. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced Friday that July was the hottest month since record-keeping began 142 years ago. Catastrophic flooding killed more than 200 people in Europe last month, and wildfires are raging in Siberia, across the Mediterranean and along the western coasts of the U.S. and Canada.

But to many experts, these events offer just a glimpse of what lies ahead in future summers because of climate change.

This week, a United Nations panel released an alarming report on the state of climate change and the consequences of further global warming. The assessment highlighted the threat of extreme weather events, including how global warming will make heat waves both more frequent and more intense.

The U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change found that severe heat waves that previously occurred once every 50 years will now likely happen once per decade. And in a study published last month in the journal Nature Climate Change, scientists determined that record-shattering heat events are up to seven times more likely to occur between now and 2050, and more than 21 times more likely to occur from 2051 to 2080.

The oppressive heat that blanketed the Pacific Northwest early this summer demonstrated how dangerous heat extremes can be. Hundreds of deaths were linked to the June heat wave, and more than 35 cities across Washington state and Oregon tied or set new temperature records.

"The heat event that we had in the Pacific Northwest in June - it's not that we're suddenly going to see that every summer, but the recent extremes are certainly a preview of what we'll see more frequently in the future," said Karin Bumbaco, a research scientist at the University of Washington and Washington's assistant state climatologist.

Heat waves occur when a ridge of high pressure parks over a region, suppressing cloud formation and causing air to compress and warm. The resulting heat domes have been associated with tropical cyclone activity, which can alter the circulation of air over the Northern Hemisphere and trigger unusual weather patterns.

Heat waves occur naturally in the summer, but climate change is exacerbating these events because emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases are causing average temperatures to increase. These changes to baseline temperatures mean that when heat waves do occur, they are more likely to be severe, said Gerald Meehl, a senior scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Colorado.

"If average temperatures are increasing everywhere, that increases the odds of more intense heat events," he said. "Even relatively small increases in average temperatures cause a much bigger shift in the extremes."

Extreme weather events, including heat waves, are driven by a complex mix of atmospheric processes and can vary from year to year, but climate change helps amplify the threats, said Philip Mote, a climate scientist at Oregon State University.

Global warming can also create feedback loops that then make other extreme events more likely to occur. Droughts, for instance, can intensify heat waves because the sun can more easily heat the ground when there is less moisture in the soil to evaporate.

"Right now, we have drought conditions over half the country, so that's also playing into why we're seeing so much heat this summer," Bumbaco said.

Yet even while climate scientists have spent the past few decades projecting the effects of global warming, Mote said the intensity and pace of changes to the planet have been surprising.

"I've been involved with climate research for 23 years, and I honestly didn't think it would get this bad this fast," he said. "This isn't really news to anyone who have been studying this for a while, but it's depressing to see it coming true."

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Heat waves, wildfires & drought: How this summer is a 'preview' of Earth's coming climate crisis

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In a summer already full of extreme weather,it's the heat waves roasting hundreds of millions of people across three continents that are confirming a grim climate prophecy for many experts. Sizzling temperatures in the United States and Canada and persistent heat in parts of Europe and northern Africa are creating dangerous health conditions, aggravating droughts and fueling wildfires around the world.

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High school students in Indiana are working with a state lawmaker to create a bill that addresses climate change issues.  Their group is called "Confront the Climate Crisis" and their goal are to help Indiana achieve carbon neutrality and address environmental racism.

Source: https://www.wfyi.org/news/articles/youth-activists-to-craft-climate-legislation-with-state-senator