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Allies: Britain, France, Russia, Italy, United States
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria

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Axis: Germany, Italy, and Japan
Allies: Britain, Soviet Union, China, United States (The Big Four Allied Powers), other countires like France, Australia, India, New Zealand

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World War 1: Nationalism caused an intense competition among nations, with each seeking to overpower the other. By  the 20th century Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, and France had all developed a fierce rivalry.  Another cause of the war was Imperialism. The nations of Europe competed fiercely for colonies in Africa and Asia. The quest for colonies sometimes pushed European nations to the brink of war. Land meant wealth in those days, and the more you had the wealthier you were. Militarism was also a huge big factor of the war. Between 1803-1914 there were 48 wars fought in Europe. During times of peace Europeans would spend enormous amounts of money and manpower building up their armies in preparation for the next big conflict. Most of these wars were small border clashes that resulted in not much of anything being accomplished. Europe had gotten tangled in a web of alliances, the fighting might have been between Russia and Serbia on one side and Austria and Germany on the other but Russia had made a secret pact with France to come to each others aid in case of attack.  Belgium had made a similar pact with Great Britain.
World War 2:Among the causes of World War II were Italian fascism  in the 1920's, Japanese  Militarism and invasions of China in the 1930's, and especially the political takeover in 1933 of Germany by Hitler and his Nazi Party and its aggressive foreign policy. The immediate cause was Britain and France declaring war on Germany after it invaded Poland in September 1939.

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World War 1: The heir to the Austro-Hungarian, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and his wife, Sofie took a trip to the capital of Bosnia where they assassinated the pair. Austria declared war on Serbia on July 28th 1914.
World War 2: Hitler attacked Poland by surprise, the soviets then occupied the eastern half of Poland and then annexed Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. The second thing was the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1914. The US declared war on Japan and its allies and shortly after the bombings.

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World War I Trench Warfare: In this type of warfare, soldiers fought each other from  trenches, both armies had huge losses of human life for pitifully small land gains of only inches.
World War II Blitzkrieg: Blitzkrieg is German for "lightning war." Germans used fast moving tanks and planes followed by massive infantry forces to take the enemy by surprise and overwhelm them. Though working out at first for the Germans, they were soon worn out by the power of the United States and Russia
Weapons used in both wars: There were a total of 271 guns and other small arms that were used in both world wars. Rifles, pistols, mortars, and grenades were weapons that dominated in both wars. They include weapons manufactured by many diffrent countries and companies in the world.

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Causes of the Wars: Total War on Homefront

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Causes of the Wars: Total War on Homefront

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WWI and WWII - "Total War"
The meaning of the term "Total War" is that the countries involved in the war are unrestricted to the use of weapons, territory and combatants involved, or the objects pursued to the war effort. Countries, such as Germany, Austria, Russia, and France had their entire force of government determined to win the war. Total war implies several changes in the countries because it signifies that everyone is an enemy. Assumptions can made that civilians are organizing an underground resistance and certain trading could have been put to a halt with specific countries.
Factors needed for allies to win - WWI
At the beginning of the First World War, the three allies were France, Britain, and Russia. Germany was starting to win, but one of the most significant factors to understand the lost for Germany was the United States and how the country decided to team up with the Allies. The United States had the resources to enter the war at a powerful position because they had a vast population and a great industrial base that could provide weapons and materials in their possession. The addition of the United States to the Allies was a great combination to win over Germany. The weakening of Germany was very significant as well, as the massive German Offensive of 1917 failed and Germany's allies started leave Germany isolated because Germany's allies saw that German was no longer as powerful as before.
Factors needed for allies to win - WWII
Three main factors that allowed the Allies to win World War Two were the transformation and resistance of the Soviets, the supply of weapons America had, and the Allied air power. Similar to the First World War, Germany had much success at the beginning of the war, as the British and Soviet forced were fairly close to being defeated. Within a year after the Soviets were weakened, their factories began to produce more weaponry than Germany. Soviets aided themselves and were able to compensate what they lost and gave the first genuine defense for Germany. At the same time, America enabled their ability to produce massive amounts of weapons. The Allied war effort was strengthened once again due to America's industrial capitalism and their high levels of engineering skills. FDR believed that air combat was essential to reducing American casualties. The American military was able to an air force that surpassed those of Japan and Germany. The key to this strategy was tactical bombing through several attacks and the economic and military core of the enemy's state.
New Rights/Freedoms Women Gained
Women in the United States were presented with an important opportunity, which was through the factories. The U.S. needed their army to be as big as possible, so all of the men were send and women needed to take their place in factories. Women were now doing what a man would do, such as making certain weapons, Women took advantage of this opportunity and were able to know the rest of America that they are not weak. Their work in the factories helped them win the right to vote. Women's suffrage became a law in many countries after the war. Women were also able to seek careers, so the numbers of women in education, medicine, and other professions significantly increased. Several women had to speak out for the greater freedom in their lives in order to gain all of the new opportunities and freedoms.

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World War 1-
Costs of war from Influenza: Influenza threatened nations of each side of WW1. It hit England and India in May, and by the fall, it spread through Europe, Russia, Asia, and to the United States. The epidemic killed soldiers and civilians. In India, at least 12 million people died, due to influenza. 1,500 people in Berlin died in one day. The epidemic killed 20 million people worldwide.
What caused such tremendous suffering?: Both sides in WW1 paid a huge price in terms of human life. About 8.5 million soldiers died, due to the war. 21 million were wounded, and the war also led to the death of countless civilians, due to starvation, disease, and slaughter. Suffering resulted in a negative economic impact on Europe.

World War 2-
Costs of war for both sides- By the end of WW2, close to 40 million Europeans had dies, 2/3 of them are civilians. Warsaw had a population of 1.3 million, and after Soviet soldiers entered the city, only 153,000 people remained. Allied bombs demolished 95% of the central area of Berlin.

What caused such tremendous suffering?- Fighting ravaged Europe's countryside, and agriculture has been completely disrupted. Thousands died as famine and disease spread through the bombed-out cities. Able-bodied men had served in the military, and the women had worked in war production. Few were able to plant in the fields. Transportation systems were destroyed, so the meager harvests often did not reach the cities. Communist Party membership skyrocketed in France and Italy.

Both Wars-
WW1 Genocide- Deportation of villagers from the Zeitoon Region:
-whole villages were deported with only hours notice
-men were bound tightly together with ropes/chains
-women were whipped like cattle (pregnant, or with children)

Calling attention to the killing of people in Eastern Turkey
-mostly women and children had been massacred & a few of the unfortunate people will ever reach their stated destination.

WW2 Genocide- Death camp in Poland
-gas chambers were being built
-workers were murdered every day
-everyday, there were new transports & deportees were sent to the gas chambers
-many saw that their children, wives, or relatives died.

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Consequences of the Wars: Treaties and Peace Ideas

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Consequences of the Wars: Treaties and Peace Ideas

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World War 1 The Versailles was one the 5 treaties negotiated by the allies
The western powers signed separates peace treaties in 1919 and 1920 with defeated nations in the end of the the treaty of Versailles did little to build a lasting peace , the USA became an dominant nation the league of nations was in position to take action on other complaints. The settlements at Versailles represented and came to the conclusion that quicksand eventually would give away , in a little more then 2 decades the treaties legacy of bitterness would help plunge the world into another catastrophic war

World War 2 -Cessation of hostilities between the US and Germany was proclaimed on December 13th, 1946 by President Truman
-Paris Peace Conference( July 29th-October 15th, 1946) & on February 10, 1947, the Paris Peace Treaties were signed. The Allies negotiated the details of peace treaties with Italy, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, & Finland, following the end of World War 2. These treaties called for war reparations, commitment to minority rights, & territorial adjustments