# data[].attributes.headline
Barriers Begin to Crumble

 

-The
Korean war was the first war to integrate different races together in battle

-Baseball
had always been segregated into two categories; the all-white and negro leagues

-Branch
Rickey, general manager for the Brooklyn Dodgers, wanted to break the color
line and tap into the vast talent in the negro leagues

-In
1947, Rickey signed a contract with an African American Army veteran named
Jackie Robinson to become the first African American in the all-white leagues
of baseball

-He
gained many fans and at the end of his first year was named rookie of the year

-More
importantly, he paved the way for other African American athletes to compete in
professional sports

-Truman
proposed federal laws to have lynching a crime, protecting the rights of
African American voters, and to ban discrimination in hiring, but because of
the south these were never put into action

-In
1948, though, he ended segregation in the military; letting all colored
soldiers fight alongside each other in the Korean War

 

Desegregating the Schools

 

-In
1951 Oliver Brown sued the board of education in Topeka, Kansas, for sending
her daughter to a different school under the segregation laws

-The
school she was sent to was farther away than the nearest school, and wasn't as
nice but she couldn’t go there because it was whites only

-The
case Brown v. Board of Education reached the supreme court, with Thurgood
Marshall representing Brown

-The
court ruled in favor of Marshall and one year later took away "separate
but equal" all over America

-It
went smoothly in some places but not so much in others; the biggest battle was
in Little Rock, Arkansas

-The
Little Rock school board had planned to send nine African American students to
a usually all-white school, but on September 4, 1957, Orval Faubus; governor of
Arkansas, called in the state's national guard to block the school entrance

-Elizabeth
Eckford faced challenges such as the mob and the national guards, but after
several weeks president Eisenhower sent in federal troops to enforce the
supreme court's ruling

 

The Montgomery Bus Boycott

 

-On
December 1st, 1955, the events of Rosa Parks went down

-News
of the arrest spread quickly, and members of the Women's Political Council of
Montgomery took a daring step

-African
Americans made up about 70% of the people that rode busses to get around daily.
What if they all boycotted the busses the day Parks was brought to trial?

-The
council distributed 52,000 fliers, and on December 5th, not a single African
American passenger was on one of the busses

-The
protest was supposed to only last a day, but that night some 7,000 people met
at a local Baptist Church to discuss the matters

-Martin
Luther King Jr. was there to urge them to keep the boycott going; but
Montgomery's leaders responded with outrage

-King's
home was bombed and several were jailed including King, but the boycotting kept
going

-The
boycott lasted 381 days, until November 1956, the Supreme Court ruled that bus
segregation was unconstitutional and was then on prohibited

 

 

 

Section 3- The Civil Rights Movement Continues

 


 King's Strategy of Non Violence



 Dr. Martin
     Luther King Jr. ,     a young priest, became a civil rights
     activist after the victories     African-Americans had made
     in the civil rights movement inspired him. 
 He believed
     in avoiding     violence while protesting and encouraged
     nonviolent protesting. 
 King studied
     and believed in     Mohandas Gandhi a person who liberated
     India nonviolently. 
 A. Philip
     Randolph     contributed mostly to Dr. King's
     thinking. 
 King and
     others formed the     Southern Christian Leadership
     Conference SCLC for short. They worked     nonviolently for
     African American equal rights. 


 

Nonviolent Protest Spreads


 Nonviolent
     protests spread     and sit-ins (a common way of protesting
     in which you sit in a restaurant     until they serve you)
     became a form of protest. 
 One Freedom
     Ride (African     Americans would ride a bus and sit in the
     front seats and try to get     others to come aboard) was
     violently attacked whenever it reached Alabama. 
 James
     Meredith was attacked     by a riot whenever he tried to go
     on the campus of the University of     Mississippi. 
 King's I had
     a dream speech     was very important to the civil rights
     movement. 


 

Civil Rights Legislation


 Kennedy was
     assassinated     before he could get his civil rights bill
     through congress so President     Johnson did it for
     him. 
 A mass
     protest happened in     Alabama as protesters for equal
     voting rights marched they were tear     gassed, clubbed,
     and whipped. 


 

The Movement Splinters


 There was
     another civil     rights leader who believed violence was
     the only way, his name was Malcolm     X. 
 Malcolm X
     was shot to death     in 1965. 
 Stokely
     Carmichael believed     in complete separation of the two
     races. 
 Tons of
     violent protests     broke out in poor neighborhoods
     killing thousands of peoples. 
 King was
     shot to death in     1968 by a white segregationist. 


 

Summing Up the Civil Rights Era


 African
     Americans were being     put in increasing political
     positions. 
 African
     Americans and other     groups that had been discriminated
     against were supposed to be preferred     and chosen more
     often than others by affirmative action. 

# data[].attributes.subject
Barriers Begin to Crumble

 

-The
Korean war was the first war to integrate different races together in battle

-Baseball
had always been segregated into two categories; the all-white and negro leagues

-Branch
Rickey, general manager for the Brooklyn Dodgers, wanted to break the color
line and tap into the vast talent in the negro leagues

-In
1947, Rickey signed a contract with an African American Army veteran named
Jackie Robinson to become the first African American in the all-white leagues
of baseball

-He
gained many fans and at the end of his first year was named rookie of the year

-More
importantly, he paved the way for other African American athletes to compete in
professional sports

-Truman
proposed federal laws to have lynching a crime, protecting the rights of
African American voters, and to ban discrimination in hiring, but because of
the south these were never put into action

-In
1948, though, he ended segregation in the military; letting all colored
soldiers fight alongside each other in the Korean War

 

Desegregating the Schools

 

-In
1951 Oliver Brown sued the board of education in Topeka, Kansas, for sending
her daughter to a different school under the segregation laws

-The
school she was sent to was farther away than the nearest school, and wasn't as
nice but she couldn’t go there because it was whites only

-The
case Brown v. Board of Education reached the supreme court, with Thurgood
Marshall representing Brown

-The
court ruled in favor of Marshall and one year later took away "separate
but equal" all over America

-It
went smoothly in some places but not so much in others; the biggest battle was
in Little Rock, Arkansas

-The
Little Rock school board had planned to send nine African American students to
a usually all-white school, but on September 4, 1957, Orval Faubus; governor of
Arkansas, called in the state's national guard to block the school entrance

-Elizabeth
Eckford faced challenges such as the mob and the national guards, but after
several weeks president Eisenhower sent in federal troops to enforce the
supreme court's ruling

 

The Montgomery Bus Boycott

 

-On
December 1st, 1955, the events of Rosa Parks went down

-News
of the arrest spread quickly, and members of the Women's Political Council of
Montgomery took a daring step

-African
Americans made up about 70% of the people that rode busses to get around daily.
What if they all boycotted the busses the day Parks was brought to trial?

-The
council distributed 52,000 fliers, and on December 5th, not a single African
American passenger was on one of the busses

-The
protest was supposed to only last a day, but that night some 7,000 people met
at a local Baptist Church to discuss the matters

-Martin
Luther King Jr. was there to urge them to keep the boycott going; but
Montgomery's leaders responded with outrage

-King's
home was bombed and several were jailed including King, but the boycotting kept
going

-The
boycott lasted 381 days, until November 1956, the Supreme Court ruled that bus
segregation was unconstitutional and was then on prohibited

 

 

 

Section 3- The Civil Rights Movement Continues

 


 King's Strategy of Non Violence



 Dr. Martin
     Luther King Jr. ,     a young priest, became a civil rights
     activist after the victories     African-Americans had made
     in the civil rights movement inspired him. 
 He believed
     in avoiding     violence while protesting and encouraged
     nonviolent protesting. 
 King studied
     and believed in     Mohandas Gandhi a person who liberated
     India nonviolently. 
 A. Philip
     Randolph     contributed mostly to Dr. King's
     thinking. 
 King and
     others formed the     Southern Christian Leadership
     Conference SCLC for short. They worked     nonviolently for
     African American equal rights. 


 

Nonviolent Protest Spreads


 Nonviolent
     protests spread     and sit-ins (a common way of protesting
     in which you sit in a restaurant     until they serve you)
     became a form of protest. 
 One Freedom
     Ride (African     Americans would ride a bus and sit in the
     front seats and try to get     others to come aboard) was
     violently attacked whenever it reached Alabama. 
 James
     Meredith was attacked     by a riot whenever he tried to go
     on the campus of the University of     Mississippi. 
 King's I had
     a dream speech     was very important to the civil rights
     movement. 


 

Civil Rights Legislation


 Kennedy was
     assassinated     before he could get his civil rights bill
     through congress so President     Johnson did it for
     him. 
 A mass
     protest happened in     Alabama as protesters for equal
     voting rights marched they were tear     gassed, clubbed,
     and whipped. 


 

The Movement Splinters


 There was
     another civil     rights leader who believed violence was
     the only way, his name was Malcolm     X. 
 Malcolm X
     was shot to death     in 1965. 
 Stokely
     Carmichael believed     in complete separation of the two
     races. 
 Tons of
     violent protests     broke out in poor neighborhoods
     killing thousands of peoples. 
 King was
     shot to death in     1968 by a white segregationist. 


 

Summing Up the Civil Rights Era


 African
     Americans were being     put in increasing political
     positions. 
 African
     Americans and other     groups that had been discriminated
     against were supposed to be preferred     and chosen more
     often than others by affirmative action. 

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