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Biodiversity is the variety amongst all living things in an ecosystem.
Some factors of biodiversity are:
- Genetic variety
- Life form variety
- The impact species variety has on a groups ability to function

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Biodiversity is measured by two components; richness and evenness.
Richness is the number of species within a specific sample.
Evenness is the proportions of different species within an ecosystem, an example of this can be shown on the right -->

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Evenness is the measurement of this factor. Located below, community one would have more of an even environment leading to better diversity

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General diversity is something to strive for, as it is what defines a healthy ecosystem. As shown by the recording of evenness and richness in the systems below, biodiversity in an ecosystem is typically what represents a healthy ecosystem.

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Ecosystem sustainability is defined as the maintenance of the composition, structure, and processes an ecosystem goes through on a daily basis. Two main contributors are Species Redundancy and Niche Complimentary values.
Species Redundancy = The point an ecosystem reaches where species become redundant is when it no longer has an impact on the ecosystem functions. Meaning a loss of a certain species has no major effect on said ecosystem.
Niche Complimentary = The process of two different species using different forms of a resource to survive. This assists in one type of resource not going extinct due to over-consumption from multiple separate species.

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Definition: Each species residing in an ecosystem has their own unique set of genetics. Genetic diversity is what measures genes inherited throughout multiple generations.
Importance: Genetic diversity ensures a species ability to adapt to the environment around them. This occurs through the process of natural selection, those with the strongest genetics survive to pass them on to future generations to ensure the populations future ability to adapt to environmental changes.

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One thing that can be found in many different species is various alleles within a population that distribute different frequencies that impact the appearance of a population.  A good example of this is multiple colors in maize.

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As you can see below, between the two diagrams the one on the right showcases a healthier amount of species redundancy. The variety of plant species provides more openings for the time of day certain species of pollinators can visit.

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Species Partnership and Redundancy Example 

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Species Partnership and Redundancy Example 

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These two species operate near each other the ensure mutual survival. The spiders provide the frog protection from predators, while the frogs consume insects who eat the tarantulas eggs.
The hypothesis of species redundancy could also link into this relationship, if this were a healthy ecosystem the frogs species dying out would not negatively impact the spiders.

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Some benefits that come with diversity are:
- Plants in the community are able to survive droughts and disease outbreaks
- Nitrogen fixtures assist in creating healthier soil (example: deep rooted plants bringing soil to the surface)
- Diverse mammal communities lead to species working together (example: Colombian Lesserblack Tarantulas and Humming Frogs)

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Two Ways Humans can Preserve/Increase Biodiversity 

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Two Ways Humans can Preserve/Increase Biodiversity 

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Some ways you can support preservation of natural resources in your everyday life are--
- Plant things such as flowers or nectar based plants, this helps both bees and butterfly's! Two important pollinators
- Check the labels of the things you purchase. Although finding reasonably priced items made from local sources is difficult, it is not impossible.

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There are typically four ecosystem services that are regularly referenced in systematic studies--
1. Provisioning Services: Any type of benefit that can be extracted from nature (ie. fruits, vegetables, drinking water, timber, oils)
2. Regulating Services: Depicts many of the basic services that make like possible, such as plants creating clean air, bacteria decomposing water, bees pollinating flowers, and trees preventing erosion.
3. Cultural Services: How nature has guided our cultural mindset, many religions are centered around nature as well as human philosophies. Creativity is born from interacting with nature.
4. Supporting Services: Even ecosystems themselves require underlying aspects of support, these can be photosynthesis, nutrient cycling, and the creation of soils.

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Human Behaviors Impact on said Services 

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Human Behaviors Impact on said Services 

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With each definition humans have had a negative impact on the separate services--
1. Provisioning Services: One example of humans interfering with this is oil drilling, this process uses a high amount of fossil fuels and is ultimately harmful for the environment as the supply is dwindling.
2. Regulating Services: Deforestation is a concern in my communities, a prime example being the amazon rain forest. This is harmful not only to animals but also other humans.
3. Cultural Services: Cultural erasure and genocide has taken away some prime observations made by those before us.
4. Supporting Services: Greenhouse gases play a part in harming supporting services as it impacts the nutrient cycle.

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- socratic.org
- uidaho.edu
- treehugger.com
- biologyonline.com
- nwf.org
- yale.edu