# data[].attributes.body
((1950s-1960s) Bardot: She was a French Film actress that became an international sex symbol. She broke taboos about nudity. Her career waning, she appeared in her last film in 1973. She was also an outspoken animal rights activist and created an animal welfare organization. She was fined on several occasions for racial hatred.

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(1989) Rock and Roller Cola Wars: Started by Caleb Bradham, Coke and Pepsi compete to become the best soda selling the company they both intended to become the top sellers. In which Pepsi won the blind taste tests and beat Coke in sales for a time.

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(1989) China’s under Martial Law: China established a martial law including 300,000 troops in Beijing. The People’s Republic of China was established. This was established because of a movement at Tiananmen Square where many students protested.

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(1987-1988) Hypodermics on the Shore: There was medical waste found on the shores of New York and New Jersey. Medical waste was washed up on a 50 mile stretch including bandages and used hypodermic needles. Many of the Beaches were shut down because of the improper disposal of medical waste.

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(1947) Bernie Goetz: Also known as the “subway vigilante”. Goetz was sent to jail for 250 days on attempted murder of four teenagers during a mugging in the NYC subway. He was in possession of an illegal arm. In April 1966, Darrell Cabey won the civil case against Bernie Goetz.

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(1960s-1980s) Crack: Crack destroyed the myth that in the 1960s that illegal use of the drug is a private matter. There was a significant increase in Crack use in the US and was highly popularized at this time period.

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(1960s-1970s) AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, a chronic (possibly) life-threatening condition caused by HIV. In the 1960s HIV spread all throughout Africa to Haiti to the Caribbean then to New York and San Francisco in the 1970s. This was a whole outbreak of AIDS and HIV in the US.

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(1964-1989) Homeless Vets: A study in 200 cities demonstrating that the number of homeless veterans had tripled. This means that a quarter of homeless people in the US were veterans. Since men from 18 and older were being drafted into the Vietnam War they were forced.

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(1960s-1990s) Foreign Debts:  Money borrowed by the government from another country’s government. The debt in the 1960s increased to $386.6 Billion dollars and in 1979 $845 Billion, and in 1989 it reached to around $3 trillion dollars. This is important because America owed foreign countries and was in heavy debt.

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(1984-1985) Heavy Metal Suicide: Incidents of suicide. John Callum committed suicide while listening to Ozzy Osbourne’s song “Suicide solution” Heavy metal music arose around the 1960s which typically consisted of dark lyrics. One year later two men shot themselves while listening to Heavy Metal.

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(1951-2012) Sally‌ ‌Ride‌:‌ ‌‌An‌ ‌American‌ ‌Astronaut,‌ ‌Sally‌ ‌joined‌ ‌NASA‌ ‌in‌ ‌1978‌ ‌and‌ ‌was‌ ‌the‌ ‌third‌ ‌woman‌ ‌to‌ ‌ever‌ ‌go‌ ‌to‌ ‌space‌ ‌(1983)‌  ‌Sally‌ ‌Ride‌ ‌made‌ ‌two‌ ‌shuttle‌ ‌flights‌ ‌and‌ ‌became a champion of education in science as well as an important feminine figure.

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(1975) "Wheel‌ ‌of‌ ‌Fortune"‌:‌ ‌‌Contestants‌ ‌guess‌ ‌hidden‌ ‌phrases‌ ‌by‌ ‌guessing‌ ‌the‌ ‌letters‌ ‌one‌ ‌at‌ ‌a time.‌ ‌If‌ ‌they‌ ‌guess‌ ‌correctly‌ ‌they‌ ‌win‌ ‌money‌ ‌or‌ ‌prizes.‌ ‌Wheel‌ ‌of‌ ‌Fortune‌ ‌is‌ ‌the‌ ‌longest-running ‌game‌ ‌show‌ ‌on ‌American‌ ‌Television.‌

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"Wheel of Fortune", Sally Ride, heavy metal suicide

Foreign debts, homeless vets, AIDS, crack, Bernie Goetz

Hypodermics on the shore, China's under martial law

Rock and roller, cola wars, I can't take it anymore

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(1979) Russians in Afghanistan: Entered and occupied in 1979, revived tensions between the US causing people to think that their protesting should be the start of a second cold war

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Ayatollahs in Iran: Called America the great satan and his influence caused his followers to storm the US embassy in Tehran taking American hostages and the crisis lasted 15 months. He was a very strict Muslim and forced them to follow sharia law

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Terror on the airline: The Korean air disaster was the shooting down of a civilian aircraft by soviet jets, resulting in the deaths of Americans and South Koreans that the soviet union tried to cover up

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Palestine: The USSR began supplying Egypt with the goal of splitting Palestine from Britain's Israel, Palestinians eventually attack Israelis during the 6-day war. Israel bombs cities they believe are helping and the US only condemns their actions but doesn't stop any violence

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(1980) Reagan: Became president in 1980. His very strong anticommunism views allowed him to bring an end to the cold war and the bringing down of the berlin wall

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Watergate: A scandal leading to Nixon's resignation, the expansion of presidential veto power, and the reduction of congressional power. Members of Nixon's presidential campaign were caught wiretapping phones

(1970s) Punk rock begin: A music genre that emerged in the mid-1970s, punk rock bands rejected the perceived excesses of mainstream rock

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(1960s) Woodstock: Woodstock was a music festival that half a million people waited for. The event would be known for lots of sex, drugs, rock n roll, and rain and became synonymous with the counterculture movement of the 60s

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Moonshot: Refers to the space race between the soviet union and the united states. There was not a clear winner but many technological advances were made benefiting mankind

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(1968) Richard Nixon Back again: Richard Nixon returned from the wilderness in 1968, standing for the presidency presenting himself as a peacemaker who would end the Vietnam war. He announced the policy of Vietnamisation and expanded military operations in Laos and Cambodia

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Birth Control: Birth control was seen as the best method for family planning during the cold war for Russians. Pregnancy rates went up due to the shortage of birth control contraceptives

(1969) Ho Chi Minh: He was the leader of Vietnam and died in 1969 not living to see the end of the Vietnam War

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Birth control, Ho Chi Minh, Richard Nixon back again

Moonshot, Woodstock, Watergate, punk rock

Begin, Reagan, Palestine, terror on the airline

Ayatollah's in Iran, Russians in Afghanistan

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(1961) British Politician Sex: This talks about the Profumo Affair, a political scandal involving John Profumo, the Secretary of State for War in Britain, and his extramarital affair with Christine Keeler.

(1963) JFK -- Blown away: This talks about the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Some people believed that his death was a part of a conspiracy involving the Vietnam War.

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(1963) Pope Paul: Pope Paul VI was the Pope of the Catholic Church. He reigned during a period of great change and ferment in the Church following the Second Vatican Council.

(1965) Malcolm X: Malcolm X was a civil rights activist, minister, and Black nationalist leader who was assassinated.

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(1962) John Glenn: He was the third American in space, and the first American to orbit the Earth, circling it three times in 1962.

(1962) Liston beats Patterson: This was the first boxing match where a world heavyweight champion would be knocked out in the first round.

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(1962) Ole Miss: This line talks about the Ole Miss Integration, which began when riots broke out at the University of Mississippi against the admission of James Meredith, a black student. She would sue for being denied admission on the basis of race, and she would win, becoming the first black graduate of the university in 1963.

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(1962) “Lawrence of Arabia”: This was a film about a British Intelligence Officer who fought alongside Arab guerrilla forces in the Middle East during WWI.

(1957) British Beatlemania: The Beatles wrote their first song. They would change the face of modern music and cause an obsession with them (Beatlemania) in the 1960s.

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(1961) Bay of Pigs: This was an event where the U.S. tried to overthrow the Communist Cuban government through a CIA mission, in accordance with the US’s policy of containing communism. However, this mission failed and made the US look weak in the Cold War.

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(1961) Dylan: Bob Dylan was a folk songwriter who began making music in 1961. His songs tackled social and political issues.

(1961) Berlin: It divided Berlin into West Berlin and East Berlin. West Berlin would be blockaded through this wall, but the US would try to send supplies through the Berlin Airlift. The wall would be broken down about two months after this song was released.

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(1940) Hemingway: He was a novelist who had an understated style. He wrote, “For Whom the Bell Tolls”.

Eichmann: He was a major organizer of the Holocaust during WWII.

(1961) “Stranger in a Strange Land”: This is a book was about a man born on Mars who came down to Earth. It became an icon of the 1960s counterculture.

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Hemingway, Eichmann, "Stranger in a Strange Land"

Dylan, Berlin, Bay of Pigs invasion

"Lawrence of Arabia", British Beatlemania

Ole Miss, John Glenn, Liston beats Patterson

Pope Paul, Malcolm X, British politician sex

JFK – blown away, what else do I have to say?

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(1960) Psycho: Psycho was a thriller movie directed by Alfred Hitchcock.

(1960) Belgians in the Congo: The country of Belgian Congo gained independence from Belgium in 1960 to become simply the Congo. For the next several years there was civil strife, resulting in 100,000 deaths, as Congolese political parties fought for power.

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(1960) Kennedy: John F. Kennedy was elected President of the United States in 1960.

(1960) Chubby Checker: Singer Chubby Checker came out with the song The Twist, which started a national dance sensation. Soon, not only teens but also adults were doing the twist. The dance was responsible for popularizing "fast dancing" or rock-and-roll among adults.

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(1960) Payola: Many disk jockeys were exposed for taking bribes to play certain songs on the radio, thus biasing the record sales. Top national disk jockey Allen Freed was convicted of payola. American Bandstand TV dance show host Dick Clark was accused of payola but found innocent.

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(1960) Syngman Rhee: Syngman Rhee was the first President of South Korea, serving from 1948 to 1960. His method of rule became unpopular, and he was forced to resign by a student-led democratic movement.

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(1960) U2: The United States had been sending the secret U-2 high-flying spy plane over the Soviet Union to take pictures and gather information when one was shot down by a Russian missile. The pilot Francis Gary Powers was taken prisoner and later released in an exchange for a Soviet spy who had been arrested in the U.S. Heightened cold war tensions.

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(1959) Edsel is a no-go: Ford Motor Company came out with a new car, the Edsel. The car was named after Edsel Ford, who was Henry Ford's son. The car was to fit in between the Ford and Mercury, but it was the wrong car at the wrong time and lasted only a few years until it was discontinued.

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(1959) Castro: Fidel Castro had been a wealthy lawyer, advocating social justice and protesting the influence of the United States in Cuba. He became involved in political activism and led the revolution to overthrow Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959. He was then sworn in as the Prime Minister of Cuba. Moving toward Communism, he alienated the United States.

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(1959) Hula hoops: Hula Hoops became a national fad. Everywhere, you would see children and even adults trying to spin the large plastic hoop around their waist. TV celebrities would also display their skills with the hoop. The fad peaked and died out quickly.

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(1959) Space monkey: The most famous "space monkey" was Ham, who was sent up in an American space satellite for a suborbital flight, as a prelude to sending a man in space. Ham was not really a monkey, but a chimpanzee. The actual year he went into space was 1961.

(1959) Mafia: Mafia leaders met in upstate New York to get better organized.

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(1959) Buddy Holly: Buddy Holly was a popular singer and leader of the Crickets rock group. He was killed in a plane crash, along with singers The Big Bopper and Ritchie Valens.

(1959) Ben Hur: Ben Hur was a spectacular movie starring Charlton Heston. It was set around the time of Christ.

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Buddy Holly, Ben Hur, space monkey, mafia

Hula hoops, Castro, Edsel is a no-go

U2, Syngman Rhee, Payola and Kennedy

Chubby Checker, Psycho, Belgians in the Congo

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(1958) Children of Thalidomide: A drug developed to manage the symptoms of morning sickness during pregnancy, Thalidomide became available over the counter in Germany on October 1st, 1957. The drug caused between 5000 and 7000 infants to be born with a malformation of the limbs. only 40% of these children survived.

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(1958) Starkweather Homicide: Charles Starkweather killed 11 people between January 21st and January 29th during a two-month road trip with his 14-year-old daughter Caril Ann Fugate in Nebraska and Wyoming. Starkweather was executed 17 months later Fugate served 17 years in prison before her release from incarceration in 1976.

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(1958) California Baseball: The Brooklyn Dodgers and the New York Giants are transplanted into California becoming the Los Angeles Dodgers and the San Francisco Giants. on April 15th the teams faced each other in their first game on West Coast soil. The Giants won 8-0 before 23,448 fans at Seals Stadium.

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(1958) Charles de Gaulle: The May 1958 crisis results in the French military seizing control of Algeria from the Fourth Republic. At this point, Charles de Gaulle is elected to the position of Prime Minister of France leading to the formation of the Fifth Republic which currently governs France.

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(1958) Lebanon: On July 15 President Eisenhower authorizes Operation Blue Bar, a military strategy to stop riots and ease political and religious tensions in Lebanon, at the behest of Lebanese President Chamoun.This is the first application of the Eisenhower Doctrine under which the US would intervene to protect regimes it considered threatened by communism.

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(1957) Bridge On The River Kwai: This is a British-American WW2 film, based on the eponymous French novel 1952 by Pierre Boulle. The film is a work of fiction but relies on the construction of the Burma railway in 1942-43 as its historical setting.

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(1957) Zhou En-Lai: Zhou Enlai is Premier and Foreign Minister of the People’s Republic of China. He became a popular and practical administrator during the “Great Leap Forward” of 1958 and later pushed for modernization to reverse damage caused by the “Cultural Revolution” of 1966 to 1976.

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(1957) Sputnik: The USSR launches Sputnik1, the first artificial Earth satellite, on October 4, ushering in a new age of technology and communication. The launch transpired during the height of the Cold War, raising public anxiety when America fails to duplicate the effort of the Russians.

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(1957) Kerouac: Jack Kerouac’s novel On the Road is published. Weeks later, a review of the book by Gilbert Millstein appeared in the New York Times, proclaiming Kerouac “The voice of a new generation.” Kerouac’s controversial and anti-conventional style lays the foundation for the liberal revolution of the 1960s.

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(1957) Mickey Mantle: Mickey Mantle wins his second MVP award. He leads the league in runs and walks and bats a career-high. The previous year he had won the Major League Baseball triple crown, which is awarded to a batter who leads either the National or American league in batting average, home runs, and runs batted in over a full regular season.

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(1957) Pasternak: Boris Pasternak, Finishes his novel Doctor Zhivago in the USSR. The story takes place between the Russian Revolution of 1905 and the Second World War. The following year, Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, an event that both humiliated and enraged the Soviet Union’s Communist Party.

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(1957) Little Rock: In September, a group of young black students, later known as Little Rock Nine, attempted to attend the segregated Central High school in Little Rock AR. The governor sent police and the Arkansas National Guard to stop them. By the end of the month, President Eisenhower decided to protect their right to attend the school.

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Little Rock, Pasternak, Mickey Mantle, Kerouac

Sputnik, Chou En-Lai, "Bridge on the River Kwai"

Lebanon, Charles de Gaulle, California baseball

Starkweather homicide, children of thalidomide

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(1956) Trouble in the Suez: On July 26, the President of Egypt decided to nationalize the Suez Canal due to damage caused by WWII. Egypt wanted British troops away from the Suez Canal to repair the massive amount of damage it received in hopes of Britain and America financing the construction of the Nile River. After Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal an uprising occurred known as the Suez Crisis. The Suez Crisis began once Egypt took over the Suez Canal. The takeover was followed by a military attack from France, Israel, and Great Britain in attempts to recover control over the Suez Canal.

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(1956) Peyton Place: Peyton Place is a novel written by Grace Metalious. The novel is about three women who are forced to come to terms with their identity as women and as well as their sexuality within this small conservative which caused a lot of controversies. There is also a film based on the novel that was released in 1957.

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(1929-1982) Princess Grace: Princess Grace is also known as Grace Kelly. Grace Kelly was an American film actress. She was one of the most famous actresses in Hollywood. She was most known for her appearance in the Hollywood films “ The Country Girl” and “Mogambo”. Grace Kelly retired in 1956 from Hollywood films and married Prince Rainier. She then became the princess of Monaco.

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(1956) Krushchev: Nikita Krushchev was a Soviet Union leader. On February 25, Krushchev made his famous secret speech. Krushchev denounced deceased Soviet Union leader, Joseph Stalin's “cult of personality” and the leadership role of the soviet union. His term marks the beginning of de-Stalinization. De-Stalinization is a series of political reforms within the Soviet Union after the death of Stalin. It condemned the crimes committed by Stalin and destroyed the image of Stalin being a great leader. Krushchev wanted to bring back more socialist ruling.

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(1955) Alabama: The Montgomery Bus Boycott occurred within the state of Alabama. The bus boycott lasted until December 20, 1956. The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a peaceful civil rights protest where African Americans refused to ride the city busses in Montgomery, Alabama to protest against segregated seating.

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(1956) Budapest: Budapest is the capital of Hungary. The Hungarian Revolution took place against the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union was a communist nation that took over the capital city of Budapest. The uprising caused anti-soviet sentiments to begin. President Eisenhower chose not to intervene in the war despite his doctrine he previously stated.

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(1955) Disneyland: Disneyland is a theme park that was created in Southern California by Walt Disney. Disneyland made its debut on July 17. Walt Disney created Disneyland to have educational and amusement to entertain the children and adults. Disneyland proved not to be ready for the public quite yet. The park ran out of food and drinks and many of the rides began to malfunction.

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(1935-1977) Elvis Presley: Elvis Presley was an American singer, songwriter, and actor who is also known as one of the most influential Rock and Roll artists. In November 1955 he signed a recording contract with RCA Victor. He later earns the title of the King of Rock and Roll with major songs like “Heartbreak Hotel”.

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(1955) Peter Pan: NBC presented the Peter Pan Broadway musical live on television. It was the first full-length Broadway production on color television. The live performance attracted a large audience with over 65 million views. This broke the world record for the most number of viewers for a single television show. Mary Martin received an Emmy award for his Broadway production.

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(1786-1836) Davy Crockett: Davy Crockett was an American folk hero, frontiersman, soldier, and politician. He was very popular amongst the people with both his real and fake adventures. Davy Crockett helped over 100 men defend the Alamo against the Mexican army. The Mexican army captured Alamo and Crockett was killed in battle. He became a well-known hero because he fought in the Texas Revolution for what he thought was right. He was also in the Tennessee Militia as a scout. Davy Crockett was also known as a television series that was based on the exploits of real-life frontiersmen. The show aired on ABC as a popular Disneyland series. The show demonstrated the power of television to captivate its audience.

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(1955) Brooklyn Dodgers: In a fifteen-year span, the Brooklyn Dodgers transformed into a contending baseball team. Even though they did win the pennant five times they never won the World Series. After many years, they finally won a World Series for the first time against the New York Yankees.

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(1950s) James Dean: James Dean was an American film actor. He is remembered as a cultural icon. He was the symbol of the confused, restless youth of the 1950s. James Dean is most famous for his role in the film Rebel Without a Cause. In the movie, he played a rebellious teenager which captured the feeling of unrest that had been growing in the 1950s. He did not get to perform in many films due to a car crash he was in. Dean died on September 30, 1955, at the age of 24.

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(1879-1955) Albert Einstein: Albert Einstein was a German-born physicist who developed the theory of relativity. He is considered one of the most influential physicists in the 20th century. His theory of relativity helped us understand space, time, gravity, and the universe. He is also known for his contribution to the development of the theory of quantum physics.

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Einstein, James Dean, Brooklyn's got a winning team

Davy Crockett, Peter Pan, Elvis Presley, Disneyland

Bardot, Budapest, Alabama, Krushchev

Princess Grace, Peyton Place, Trouble in the Suez

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(1945) Juan Perone: He was an Argentine politician and former general

(1919) Toscanini: He was an Italian conductor and renowned for intensity and perfection.

(1946) Dacron Dien Bien Phu falls: Decisive engagement in war and Signaled end of French colonial influence

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(1947) Communist Bloc: Group of Socialist states

(1954) Roy Cohn: He assisted with the McCarthy investigation of possible suspected Communists.

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(1954) Nasser: He was an Egyptian politician and was the President of Egypt. He led the overthrow of the monarchy.

(1953) Prokofiev: Sergei Prokofiev dies te composer dies March 5th the same day as Stalin.

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(1927) Joseph Stalin: He was a Revolutionary war general for the Soviet Union. He was a part of the Communist Party and was the Chairman.

(1953) Malenkov: He was a politician who succeeded Stalin in success and was the secretary of the Soviet Union after Stalin.

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Joseph Stalin, Malenkov, Nasser and Prokofiev

Rockefeller, Campanella, Communist Bloc

Roy Cohn, Juan Peron, Toscanini, Dacron

Dien Bien Phu falls, "Rock Around the Clock"

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(1952) Santana Goodbye: Philosopher George Santayana, the man who made the famous quote “Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it.”, dies in 1952

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(1952) Liberace: Liberace was a very famous pianist during this time with him having very exciting performances and was in fact one of the highest-paid performers as well.

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(1952) Marciano: Rocky Marciano became the world heavyweight champion from 1952 to 1956 and is the only heavyweight champion to have finished his career to be undefeated.

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(1952) England's Got a New Queen: Queen Elizabeth II succeeded King George the 6th in which she later became the longest-reigning monarch in world history. This would be a very important event because this displays England getting a new Monarch this day.

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(1952) Vaccine: The Polio vaccine was discovered by Dr. Jonas Salk and a team at the University of Pittsburgh and became widely available stopping the constant threat of polio across the world.

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(1952) Eisenhower: After the presidency of Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected president in the 1952 election on an overwhelming win against Democrat Adlai Stevenson.

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(1951) "The Catcher in the Rye”: This was a novel that was produced in 1951 and was very popular by the teenage community because of angsty themes and critiques about society. This book now is usually banned in schools very often because of its “communist plot” that it has.

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(1951) ”The King and I”: was a popular Broadway film at the time and received critical acclaim as well. This musical is the fourth longest-running broadway in history at the time of its finishing its run and had many tours and revivals after that.

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(1951) Brando: Marlon Brando was a famous movie actor at the time and was influential enough that he received an academy award for the “On The Waterfront” role. He is regarded as one of the greatest and most influential actors of 20th-century film

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(1951) Panmunjom: was a small village that had peace talks between North Korea and South Korea between 1951-1953 to create an armistice for the Korean war. Panmunjom is still used today for peace talks as well.

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(1951) Sugar Ray: Sugar Ray Robinson was a professional boxer who was infamous at the time because he went on a 91-fight win streak and held the welterweight title from 1946-1951, he was a very important pop culture figure at the time and would be ranked as one of the greatest boxers of all time by sports watchers and others.

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(1951) H-Bomb: Hydrogen Bomb was a more destructive version of the first atomic bomb and was based around nuclear fusion. This was the second-generation nuclear bomb that was more compact and had greater destructive potential.

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(1951) Rosenbergs: The Rosenbergs were a couple that was executed because they sold nuclear secrets pertaining to the making of the nuclear bombs. They were the only two American civilians who were executed for espionage-related activity during this time.

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Rosenbergs, H-bomb, Sugar Ray, Panmunjom

Brando, "The King and I", and "The Catcher in the Rye"

Eisenhower, Vaccine, England's got a new queen

Marciano, Liberace, Santayana, goodbye

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(1926-1962) Marilyn Monroe: She was an actress and model. She became a huge actress and during her time she also became a huge sex symbol in the industry. She had a very hard childhood and was put into several foster care systems and was assaulted many times and even raped at age 11. She dropped out of high school at 15 and married Jimmy Dougherty in 1942 at 16. Her husband left for the south pacific and she became a model while he was gone. She had huge success eventually and became one of the leading actresses of her time and got lots of roles and huge audiences because of her figure and her voice.

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(1950s) South Korea: Another nation that fought in the Korean War. South Korea was fighting against communist North Korea and with the help of America, it won against the invasion that took place. the anti-communist dictator Syngman Rhee loved the support from America during the war. 10,000 North and South Korean soldiers were killed in battle before the war even began.