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Transactional leadership theories focuses on supervising and clarifying the need, distributing assignments or tasks and rewarding favourable behaviour. Leaders in this form of leadership have a command and control mentality. They use reward and punishment systems to gain the compliance of their members. The focus these types of leaders have is on the outcome rather than the process in achieving it.

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Transformational leadership theories is also known as visionary leadership as the leader works with those beneath them to identify problems and create a vision together. It makes use of positive views and encouragement to influence the achievement of a common vision by displaying favourable beliefs, actions, bahaviour, values and traits. This form of leadership theories work to make changes that will assist in achieve the common vision or goal.

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Situational leadership theories suggests that leaders need to be able to adapt in order to meet the needs of those following their lead and evolve to meet the demands of a situation. This form of leadership acknowledges that there be more than one way to resolve a situation. Situational leadership is a also ensuring that people beneath a leader is able to deal with situations using the skills and knowledge they have been equipped with. This theory suggests that the success of leadership is achieved through controlling a context. Contingency leadership theories suggests that leadership success is based on behavioural patterns which a fitting in a given situation. This form of leadership suggests that leadership actions or behaviours need to adapt to suit the situation and hand in order for leadership to be a success.

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Behavioural leadership focuses on how leaders behave, it indicates that these forms of behaviour is then copied by other leaders who view it as effective. It focuses on how the behaviour of a leader influences the actions they perform. The success of these actions are gaged by viewing the results these actions yield. These theories suggest that leaders can pick and choose the type of behaviour to portray to make them a better leader.

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Trait Leadership theories suggests that leadership qualities are abilities and characteristics that a person is born with that make them a natural leader. They focus on the traits that make a leader effective.

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Trait leadership theory looks at the innate qualities and characteristics that makes a leader, it looks at the individual's capacity to influence others. This theory states that leaders are born and not made.

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The transactional leadership theory is that managers should provide people with what they want in exchange for their cooperation. It implies that employees need structure, guidance, and supervision in order to carry out jobs correctly and on time because they lack self-motivation.

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Behavioural leadership theories is about identifying the behaviour of effective leaders versus ineffective leaders. This theory states that behaviour is learned from the environment and that inborn factors have a little influence in behaviour and that leaders are created based on learnable behaviour.

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Transformational leadership is a leadership theory that depends on team support to achieve success, to be effective, this objective must be emphasized in the front and center. When used correctly, transformational leadership may dramatically change a struggling or underperforming team into a productive and energetic group of individuals. The first step in achieving this is determining the difficulties and abilities of each individual member.

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Situational and contingency leadership theory is about the leaders actions which should vary according to the circumstances that they are facing, meaning the leadership methods used to solve a problem changes according to the situation. This theory states that leaders need to ensure that members had the necessary skills, knowledge and guidance if they had to do the work.

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Focuses on leadership or a leader that motivates followers by exchanging rewards with them for services. Leaders assign clear task and rewards congruent behavior. The followers trust the leader because they need to have the problems solved. Transformational leaders develop followers and respond to organizational challenges.

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Robyn Wainwright ST10119140
- mission: strategic leaders establish a clear mission for their organisation. Then everyone else can align their goals and objectives to that vision.
- plan: leaders perform planning activities to structure work. Which involves analysis, brainstorming and project management.
- plot: strategic leaders inspire and motivate others to achieve the companies (school's) goals.
- power: using strategic leadership can determine where power lies in the organisation (school)

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Based on the notion that there is an exchange between managers and employees.
Further points out that employees are not self-motivated and requires structure, instructions and monitoring for them to correctly complete tasks on time.
Leaders who follow this theory are opposed to change, favour structural policies and procedures. Thrive on following rules and doing things in order.

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Transactional Leadership Theories

Transactional leadership theory is based on the idea that managers give employees something they want in exchange for getting something they want. It posits that workers are not self-motivated and require structure, instruction, and monitoring to complete tasks correctly and on time. Transactional leaders are generally split into three dimensions: contingent reward, management-by-exception: active, and management-by-exception: passive. A transactional approach assumes that all employees value external rewards. An example would be monetary compensation. It works on the belief that people are not self-motivated. Many emerging leaders feel motivated by intrinsic rewards.

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A leader should adapt to the situations, according to the situational approach. According to the contingency theory, the appropriate leader should meet the correct situation. According to the contingency theory of leadership, a leader's success depends on whether or not their management approach is appropriate for a given situation. The situational and contingency approaches to leadership are centered on how the circumstance in which a person acts affects the success or failure of their leadership efforts.

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1.transactional leaders focus on the followers’ self-interest through exchanging different things to motivate them, these exchanges may be of different natures like salary or bonus in exchange for some task accomplishment.
2. transactional leadership is preferred when the objectives are the short term.
3. transactional leaders work within systems, try to avoid risks and try to achieve the goals on already set parameters.

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Transactional leadership theories take the reward/punishment style, transactional leadership assign tasks and attach a reward at the end of completion of the task, they want to see results in a short term.

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Transactional leadership theory is based on what both parties agree on, what transaction happens between the two. it is based on the idea that if a manager give employees something they want something in exchange for getting what they want. This approach assumes that all employees value external rewards, it influences the achievement of a vision by modelling the desired values, traits, beliefs and behaviour to realise a vision.

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The premise of the transactional leadership theory is that managers should provide people with what they desire in exchange for their cooperation. It asserts that employees need structure, guidance, and supervision in order to execute jobs correctly and on time because they lack self-motivation.

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Transactional leadership theory is a more structured management style, relies on strict checks and balances.

Employees are typically provided with their short- and long-term goals and expected to work toward them while being closely supervised. Everyone is also expected to abide by the strict rules established by the company.

Employees are rewarded for reaching their objectives, while those who miss their deadlines receive criticism

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Transformational Leadership Theories

Transformational leadership is a model of leadership that relies on the encouragement of a team to realize overall success. By raising a team's morale and self-confidence, the team can then align itself to an overall vision or common purpose. This purpose, however, must be established early on for it to be effective. There are four factors to transformational leadership, (also known as the "four I's"): idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration. each of these components is positively related to individual and organizational performance.

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A leadership style known as transformational leadership affects both social systems and individual behavior. In its optimal state, it brings about significant and constructive change in the followers with the ultimate objective of transforming followers into leaders.

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The behavioral leadership theory focuses on the behaviors of leaders and assumes that these actions can be used by other leaders. The style theory, believes that great leaders may be developed through teachable behavior rather than being born with it. Behavioral theories of leadership focus heavily on the actions of a leader.

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This theory uses rewards and punishments, this style is very rigid and focuses on the results that are achieved. The staff are expected to have their own motivation to work and focuses on individual performance.

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Implications of Transactional Theory. The transactional leaders overemphasize detailed and short-term goals, and standard rules and procedures. They do not make an effort to enhance followers’ creativity and generation of new ideas. This kind of a leadership style may work well where the organizational problems are simple and clearly defined.

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1.The contingency theories of leadership focuses on studying the behavior of leader which varies from one situation to another.
a. Based on views that leadership success depends on behavioral patterns that are contextually favorable.
2. Situational theory states that a leader should approach each situation accordingly with its circumstances, thus, the way they deal with a situation will change depending on the circumstances in order to best suit the situation.

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Focuses on the effective and ineffective behavior traits a leader has and the influence it has on their followers. How a leader behaves doesn't necessarily mean that he or she is born with these traits but can be absorbed from other leaders. Effective traits of a leader can be learned from other leaders and also ineffective traits are learners from other leaders.

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Transactional leadership focuses on results, conforms to the existing structure of an organization and measures success according to that organization’s system of rewards and penalties.

Transactional leaders have formal authority and positions of responsibility in an organization. This type of leader is responsible for maintaining routine by managing individual performance and facilitating group performance.

This type of leader sets the criteria for their workers according to previously defined requirements. Performance reviews are the most common way to judge employee performance. Transactional, or managerial, leaders work best with employees who know their jobs and are motivated by the reward-penalty system.

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1. Transactional leadership theory is focused on results, conforms with existing structures and cultures of an organisation and measures success according to that organisation's system of rewards and punishments. 2. A transactional leader is responsible for maintaining routine through the management of individual performance and supervising group performance. 3.  Transactional leaders work best with employees who know their jobs and are motivated by a reward-penalty system. -Shannon McDonogh ST10120137

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1. Transactional leadership theory is focused on results, conforms with existing structures and cultures of an organisation and measures success according to that organisation's system of rewards and punishments. 2. A transactional leader is responsible for maintaining routine through the management of individual performance and supervising group performance. 3.  Transactional leaders work best with employees who know their jobs and are motivated by a reward-penalty system. -Shannon McDonogh ST10120137

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Depend on the encouragement of a team to realise the overall success of an organisation. Looks and causes change in individuals and social systems. Focus on changing and constantly transforming, growing and developing as an organisation by taking in consideration the interest of individuals

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It is predicated on the notion that a leader's activities should alter depending on the challenges they are encountering; in other words, leadership techniques change depending on the'situation' in which the leader is leading.

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Situational and Contingency Leadership Theories

Situational (or 'Contingency') leadership models are based on the idea that the leader's actions should vary according to the circumstances he or she is facing - in other words, leadership methods change according to the 'situation' in which the leader is leading. Three popularly studied contingency theories are Fiedler's Contingency Model, House's Path-Goal Theory, and Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Model. Situational theories of leadership work on the assumption that the most effective style of leadership changes from situation to situation. To be most effective and successful, a leader must be able to adapt his style and approach to diverse circumstances.

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Transformational leadership theories rely on the group working together to solve problems, the focus is on transforming others to support each other for the benefit of the whole team.

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Transformational leadership is a leadership theory based on the concept that a leader operates with team members or followers outside of their immediate self-interests to recognize necessary reform, create a vision to guide the change through influence, encouragement, and implementing the change in conjunction with dedicated members of a group. Transformational leadership is the new leadership paradigm as it focuses on charismatic

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Transformational leadership is a leadership style that can inspire positive changes in those who follow.

Transformational leaders are generally energetic, enthusiastic, and passionate. Not only are these leaders concerned and involved in the process, but they are also focused on helping every member of the group succeed.

The primary goals of transformational leadership are to inspire growth, promote loyalty, and instill confidence in group members.

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The behavioral leadership theory concentrates on the behaviors of leaders and makes the supposition that other leaders can adopt these behaviors. The style theory, as it is sometimes known, contends that successful leaders may be developed through teachable conduct rather than being born with it.

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This theory states that this type of leading inspires other individuals so that they come up with their own ideas and take initiative. This can be a natural thing that a person can do while others need to learn this skill.

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Focuses on how leaders behave and assumes these behaviors can be copied by other leaders.

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Behavioral Leadership Theories

Behavioral leadership theory is a management philosophy that evaluates leaders according to the actions they display in the workplace. Furthermore, there are four styles of leadership: Directive leadership, Supportive leadership, Participative leadership, and Achievement-oriented leadership. They are goal-oriented and will use whatever methods are necessary to achieve their objectives. For example, they might adopt a dictatorial persona in the weeks leading up to a major deadline and then shift to country club leadership afterward to repair their relationship with their team.

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1. Transformational leadership theory encourages a style of guidance which emphasises motivating employees and creating a vision and encouraging them to work towards that vision. 2. Transformational leaders lead by example. 3. Transformational leaders focus on changing faulty systems and gathering employees that work well as a team in order to increase productivity and to work towards a specific goal.- Shannon McDonogh ST10120137

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1. Transformational leadership theory encourages a style of guidance which emphasises motivating employees and creating a vision and encouraging them to work towards that vision. 2. Transformational leaders lead by example. 3. Transformational leaders focus on changing faulty systems and gathering employees that work well as a team in order to increase productivity and to work towards a specific goal.- Shannon McDonogh ST10120137

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Situational or Contingency leadership models are based on the idea that the leader's actions should vary according to the circumstances he or she is facing - in other words leadership methods change according to the 'situation' in which the leader is leading.

It based on the important assumption that; there is no single ideal approach to leading because circumstances vary.

The core principle behind this model is that leaders are able to change their behaviour however, it should be noted that many are restricted by hidden limiting beliefs and old habits that persist despite training.

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According to the trait theory of leadership, leaders are defined by a set of innate or inborn traits. These characteristics might be personality factors, physical factors, intelligence factors.

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The goal of the trait theory of leadership is to discover several personality traits and qualities that are connected to effective leadership in a range of contexts.

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The goal of the trait theory of leadership is to discover several personality traits and qualities that are connected to effective leadership in a range of contexts.

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Thandeka Mabizela ST10119128

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This theory highlights that some leaders can be affective in one instance but not in another. This may lead to adapting your leadership style to the situation.

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Fiedler’s Contingency Theory The contingency theory of leadership was one of the first situational leadership theories. One of the very first contingency theories was proposed by Fred. E. Fiedler in the 1960s.The contingency theory of leadership supposes that a leader’s effectiveness is contingent on whether or not their leadership style suits a particular situation. According to this theory, an individual can be an effective leader in one circumstance and an ineffective leader in another one.

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The trait theory of leadership suggests that certain inborn or innate qualities and characteristics make someone a leader. These qualities might be personality factors, physical factors, intelligence factors, etc.

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1. Transactional leadership focuses on results, conforms to the existing structure of an organization and measures success according to that organization’s system of rewards and penalties. Transactional leaders have formal authority and positions of responsibility in an organization. This type of leader is responsible for maintaining routine by managing individual performance and facilitating group performance. Therefore, Transactional leadership theory is based on the idea that managers give employees something they want in exchange for getting something they want.

2.dimensions of transactional leadership:

Contingent reward, the process of setting expectations and rewarding workers for meeting them

Passive management by exception, where a manager does not interfere with workflow unless an issue arises

Active management by exception, in which managers anticipate problems, monitor progress and issue corrective measures.

3.Transactional leadership pros:

Rewards those who are motivated by self-interest to follow instructions

Provides an unambiguous structure for large organizations, systems requiring repetitive tasks and infinitely reproducible environments

Achieves short-term goals quickly

Rewards and penalties are clearly defined for workers

Transactional leadership cons:

Rewards the worker on a practical level only, such as money or perks

Creativity is limited since the goals and objectives are already set

Does not reward personal initiative

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A transactional leader is someone who appreciates structure and order. In order to accomplish goals on schedule or transport people and supplies in an orderly manner, they may oversee major enterprises, command military operations, or oversee multinational initiatives that are governed by norms and regulations. Wherever innovation and originality are valued, transactional leaders do not fit well.
Most frequently, transactional leadership and transformational leadership are contrasted. Self-starters who thrive in a regimented, guided setting are essential for transactional leadership. While choosing to influence rather than direct others, transformational leadership aims to inspire and motivate employees/people.

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This theory highlights that leaders are not born, they are made. Making reference to the fact that imitating a leader's behaviour can result in becoming a leader.

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This theory entails that leadership style changes or differs according to the situation or context they are in, the leader'  effectiveness is dependent on whether their leadership style suits the situation they are in, some leaders are effective or work well under stressful circumstances.

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1. Also referred to as charismatic/ visionary leadership and it influences the achievement of a vision by modeling the desired traits, beliefs, vision and behavior needed to realize the vision.
2.is a process of social exchange to have an impact on the performance of employees towards established goals.
3.the transactional leaders focus on the followers’ self-interest through exchanging different things to motivate them.

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The behavioral leadership theory focuses on how leaders behave, and assumes that these traits can be copied by other leaders.

Behavioral theories of leadership focus heavily on the actions of a leader—this theory suggests that the best predictor of leadership success is viewing how a leader acts.Action rather than qualities are the focal points of behavioral learning theory.

The behavioral theory has many advantages, primarily that leaders can learn and decide what actions they want to implement to become the kind of leader they want to be

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A leadership style known as transformational leadership affects both social systems and individual behavior. In its optimal state, it brings about significant and constructive change in the followers with the ultimate objective of transforming followers into leaders.

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Behavioral leadership theory argues that the success of a leader is based on their behavior rather than their natural attributes. Behavioral leadership theory involves observing and evaluating a leader's actions and behaviors when they are responding to a specific situation. This theory believes that leaders are made, not born.

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Trait leadership theory focus on the different traits a leader acquires that play a factor in the influence of others. leaders are born with these traits that enable them to be in leadership positions. There are five traits that separate leaders from a average follower: Intelligence, dominance, self-confidence, level of energy and task-relevant knowledge.

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1. Situational leadership suggests that different situations require different leadership styles and that in order to be a successful leader, you need to be able to adapt your behaviour to the situation. 2. Contingency theory believes that a leader's success is based on how well the leader's behaviour matches the needs of the situation. 3.  The difference between these two theories is that leaders using situational leadership theory may tend to blame/thank the situation for any shortcomings/success whereas the leaders who use the contingency theory thank their success to their ability/behaviours which helped them handle a situation. -Shannon McDonogh ST10120137

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1. Situational leadership suggests that different situations require different leadership styles and that in order to be a successful leader, you need to be able to adapt your behaviour to the situation. 2. Contingency theory believes that a leader's success is based on how well the leader's behaviour matches the needs of the situation. 3.  The difference between these two theories is that leaders using situational leadership theory may tend to blame/thank the situation for any shortcomings/success whereas the leaders who use the contingency theory thank their success to their ability/behaviours which helped them handle a situation. -Shannon McDonogh ST10120137

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Based on the notion that actions of a leader are different according to the circumstances he/she faces.
The manner of approach of a leader changes according/ to best suit a situation. Every situation is different and requires specific traits in leaders or a different type of leaders.

Situational favorableness is determined by three variables:
Leader-membet relations which is based on trust.
Task structure: refers to the clarity of the task required to complete a project.
Position power: refers to the authority/power a leader have over their team.

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This theory states that there are qualities which an individual is born with which make them suitable for a leadership role. 

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This theory states that there are qualities which an individual is born with which make them suitable for a leadership role. 

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Georgia Anderson st10119017

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According to the contingency theory of leadership, a leader's success depends on whether or not their management approach is appropriate for the given circumstance. This notion contends that a person might be a successful leader in one situation while failing miserably in another. According to this theory, you should be able to assess each circumstance and determine whether your leadership style will be useful or not if you want to increase your chances of becoming a successful leader. You must typically be self-aware, objective, and flexible to do this.

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The premise of the transactional leadership theory is that managers should provide people with what they desire in exchange for their cooperation. It asserts that employees need structure, guidance, and supervision in order to execute jobs correctly and on time because they lack self-motivation. By appealing to a follower's self-interest, transactional leadership motivates and directs them.

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The trait model of leadership is based on the characteristics of many leaders - both successful and unsuccessful - and is used to predict leadership effectiveness.

Strengths/Advantages of Trait Theory
It is naturally pleasing theory.
It is valid as lot of research has validated the foundation and basis of the theory.
It serves as a yardstick against which the leadership traits of an individual can be assessed.

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Trait Leadership Theories

The trait theory of leadership focuses on the leader and the qualities he demonstrates furthermore certain types of traits make leaders more effective. Consequently Trait theory in psychology rests on the idea that people differ from one another based on the strength and intensity of basic trait dimensions.  There are three criteria that characterize personality traits: (1) consistency, (2) stability, and (3) individual differences additionally trait theory gives constructive information about leadership.

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1.The trait theory of leadership, known as “Great Man theory’, was one of the first systematic efforts to study the concept of leadership in the early 20th century and its based on the notion of great men theory states that, there are some rare individuals who have the ability to revolutionize the history or bring a real change in the society.
2.Trait theories assume that leadership qualities of individuals are inherited and are a part of their personality, thes qualities may be social or political in nature.
3. Leaders are not necessarily born, but individuals wishing to be in leadership positions may develop the trait leadership are with sufficient knowledge and commitment.

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Behavioral leadership theories focus on behaviors that a leader should portray, it assumes that a leader has to display a certain behavior within the work place. Furthermore the manner in which the leader behaves decides whether they are good effective leaders or not ultimately model the behavior for others to copy.

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Matome Rasekgela ST10118947   The adventages of trait theory, It serves as a yardstick against which the leadership traits of an individual can be assessed, It is valid as lot of research has validated the foundation and basis of the theory and it is naturally pleasing theory as is driven by characteristic that one is born with.                                      

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Matome Rasekgela ST10118947   The adventages of trait theory, It serves as a yardstick against which the leadership traits of an individual can be assessed, It is valid as lot of research has validated the foundation and basis of the theory and it is naturally pleasing theory as is driven by characteristic that one is born with.                                      

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Transactional leadership is a style of leadership in which leaders promote compliance by followers through both rewards and punishments. This theory takes a behavioural approach to leadership by basing it on a system of rewards and punishments. short- and long-term goals are given and are to be worked on under supervision, and everyone is expected to adhere to strict guidelines. Employees who meet their goals are rewarded, while those who fail to meet their deadlines are reprimanded.

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ST10119094
Transactional leadership theory is based on the idea that managers give employees something they want in exchange for getting something they want. It posits that workers are not self-motivated and require structure, instruction and monitoring in order to complete tasks correctly and on time.

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The behavioral leadership theory concentrates on the behaviors of leaders and makes the supposition that other leaders can adopt these behaviors. The style theory, as it is sometimes known, contends that strong leaders may be developed via the application of teachable behaviors.

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Transformational leadership is a leadership theory that depends on team support to achieve organizational success. But in order for it to be successful, this goal needs to be set up front and center. When used effectively, transformational leadership can take a failing or unproductive team and radically turn it into an effective and vibrant collection of people. Identifying each individual member's challenges and skills is the first step in doing this.

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ST10119094
Transformational leadership is a model of leadership that relies on the encouragement of a team to realize overall success. By raising a team's morale and self-confidence, the team can then align itself to an overall vision or common purpose. This purpose, however, must be established early on for it to be effective.

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1.Transformational leadership is defined as a leadership approach that causes change in individuals and social systems. In its ideal form, it creates valuable and positive change in the followers with the end goal of developing followers into leaders.
2.There are four factors to transformational leadership, (also known as the "four I's"): idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration.

3.

Idealized influence describes managers who are exemplary role models for associates. Managers with idealized influence can be trusted and respected by associates to make good decisions for the organization.

Inspirational motivation describes managers who motivate associates to commit to the vision of the organization. Managers with inspirational motivation encourage team spirit to reach goals of increased revenue and market growth for the organization.

Intellectual stimulation describes managers who encourage innovation and creativity through challenging the normal beliefs or views of a group. Managers with intellectual stimulation promote critical thinking and problem solving in an effort to make the organization better.

Individual consideration describes managers who act as coaches and advisors to the associates. Managers with individual consideration encourage associates to reach goals that help both the associates and the organization.

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The behavioral leadership theory concentrates on the behaviors of leaders and makes the supposition that other leaders can adopt these behaviors. It is sometimes referred as the "style hypothesis", and it contends that strong leaders may be developed the application of teachable behaviors.

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ST10119094
Situational' (or 'Contingency') leadership models are based on the idea that the leader's actions should vary according to the circumstances he or she is facing - in other words leadership methods change according to the 'situation' in which the leader is leading.

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According to the trait theory of leadership, leaders are defined by a set of innate or inborn traits. These characteristics could be psychological, physiological, or intellectual.

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The premise behind situational and contingency leadership models is that a leader's activities should change depending on the challenges they are encountering; in other words, leadership techniques should adapt to the 'situation' they are in. The situational or contingency approaches to leadership focus on how an individual's activities relate to whether they are viewed as a leader or whether their leadership efforts are successful.

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ST10119094
The behavioral leadership theory focuses on how leaders behave, and assumes that these traits can be copied by other leaders. Sometimes called the style theory, it suggests that leaders aren't born successful, but can be created based on learnable behavior.

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Transformational leadership is a model of leadership that relies on the encouragement of a team to realise overall success. The foundation of transformational leadership is the promotion of consistent vision, mission, and a set of values to the members. Transformational leaders focus on “transforming” others to support each other and the organization as a whole.

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1.  contingency theory, also known as situational leadership, states that every situation that requires leadership is different and requires a specific type of leader. The favorability of a situation depends on how much influence and power you have as a leader.
2.Situational favorableness is determined by three variables:

Leader-member relations

Task structure

Position power

3.Leader-member relations are all about trust. Does your team trust you as a leader? The more they do, the higher your degree of leader-member relations and the more favorable the situation is.

Task structure refers to the clarity of the tasks required to complete a project. Higher task structure results in a more favorable situation. The more clear-cut and precise tasks are, the higher the situation’s task structure—whereas the vaguer they are, the lower the situation’s task structure.

Finally, position power refers to the authority you have over your team as a leader. If you can reward them, punish them, or tell them what to do, your position power is high. As you can imagine, higher position power makes the situation more favorable.

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ST10119094
You need to continuously adjust your approach based on what the situation requires and who you’re leading. Maybe you have one employee who prefers direct feedback and recognition in front of a large group, while another team member requires a more subtle approach. Or, perhaps you’re a far more hands-on leader in the midst of a crisis than you are during an average day.

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This theory focus on the behave of the leader.
Leaders are not born but can be made based on their behaviour. Focus on the actions of the leader and the manner in which the leader acts has an influence on the organisation.

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Trait leadership theories are focused on traits that deems someone a leader. It put emphasis on leadership traits being natural meaning one does not learn to be a leader but they are born a leader.

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St10119016
This theory prompts positive change within the society

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1. Behaviora  leaderdhip theories focus on the behaviors of the leaders, for instance, what leaders do and how leaders act.
2.Behavioral theories of leadership emphasized more on studying the determinants of behavior of a leader and concluded that using these determinants, leadership style can be learne.
3.Behavioral leaderdhip theories is based on 2 dimensions, the first is relation-orientated behavior which is associated with creating mutual respect and trust and showing the concern for the needs of employees. second one is task- orientation which is about work structure and goal achievement.

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1. This theory believes that leaders are made, not born. 2. Behavioural leadership theory argues that the success of leaders is based on their behaviours and not their innate traits. 3. Theorists suggest that anyone can become a leader if they implement certain behaviours.- Shannon McDonogh ST10120137

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1. This theory believes that leaders are made, not born. 2. Behavioural leadership theory argues that the success of leaders is based on their behaviours and not their innate traits. 3. Theorists suggest that anyone can become a leader if they implement certain behaviours.- Shannon McDonogh ST10120137

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Situational approach believes a leader should adapt to the situation at hand. Contingency Theory believes the right leader should match the right situation. The contingency theory of leadership supposes that a leader's effectiveness is contingent based on whether or not their leadership style suits a specific situation. The situational and contingency approaches to leadership is based on how the context of an individuals actions relate to whether their attempts at leadership are effective.

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Ntando Radebe st10118999
Transactional leadership focuses on results, conforms to the existing structure of an organization and measures success according to that organization’s system of rewards and penalties. Transactional leaders have formal authority and positions of responsibility in an organization. This type of leader is responsible for maintaining routine by managing individual performance and facilitating group performance.

This type of leader sets the criteria for their workers according to previously defined requirements. Performance reviews are the most common way to judge employee performance. Transactional, or managerial, leaders work best with employees who know their jobs and are motivated by the reward-penalty system. The status quo of an organization is maintained through transactional leadership.

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The behavioural leadership theory focuses on how leaders behave, and assumes that these traits can be copied by other leaders. Sometimes called the style theory, it suggests that leaders aren’t born successful, but can be created based on learnable behavior.

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MALESELA RACHABEDI ST10119080
1.
The behavioral leadership theory focuses on how leaders behave, and assumes that these traits can be copied by other leaders. Sometimes called the style theory, it suggests that leaders aren’t born successful, but can be created based on learnable behavior.

2. Behavioral theories of leadership focus heavily on the actions of a leader—this theory suggests that the best predictor of leadership success is viewing how a leader acts. Action rather than qualities are the focal points of behavioral learning theory.

3.Patterns of behavior are observed and categorized as “styles of leadership” in this theory. Some of the styles of leadership include task-oriented leaders, people-oriented leaders, country club leaders, status-quo leaders, dictatorial leaders, and more. At the end of the day, the actions and actual behaviors of a leader are what defines success in this theory.

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Ntando Radebe st10118999
Transformational leadership is defined as a leadership approach that causes change in individuals and social systems. In its ideal form, it creates valuable and positive change in the followers with the end goal of developing followers into leaders. Enacted in its authentic form, transformational leadership enhances the motivation, morale and performance of followers through a variety of mechanisms. These include connecting the follower's sense of identity and self to the mission and the collective identity of the organization; being a role model for followers that inspires them; challenging followers to take greater ownership for their work, and understanding the strengths and weaknesses of followers, so the leader can align followers with tasks that optimize their performance....

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The situational theory of leadership suggests that no single leadership style is best. Instead, it depends on which type of leadership and strategies are best-suited to the task. According to this theory, the most effective leaders are those that are able to adapt their style to the situation and look at cues such as the type of task, the nature of the group, and other factors that might contribute to getting the job done.

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ST10119075

The theory is based on the notion that the leadership traits are central to the success of the organisation.
Inborn or innate qualities and characteristics influence the leadership style of a person.
These qualities are personal, physical, and intelligent factors

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The behavioural leadership theory focuses on how leaders behave, and assumes that these traits can be copied by other leaders. It suggests that leaders aren't born successful, but can be created based on learnable behaviour. Supporters of this theory believe that all you need to do to be an effective   leader is to learn a certain set of behaviour.

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This is a leadership styles whereby leaders really on rewards and punishments in order to achieve optimal performance from their subordinates. - Taylor Crooks

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1.Trait theorists believe that leaders are born, not made. 2. This theory attributes five traits which differentiate leaders from followers, namely, intelligence, dominance, self-confidence, level of energy and activity and task-relevant knowledge.  - Shannon McDonogh ST10120137

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1.Trait theorists believe that leaders are born, not made. 2. This theory attributes five traits which differentiate leaders from followers, namely, intelligence, dominance, self-confidence, level of energy and activity and task-relevant knowledge.  - Shannon McDonogh ST10120137

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The behavioral leadership theory concentrates on the behaviors of leaders and makes the supposition that other leaders can adopt these behaviors. The style theory, as it is sometimes known, contends that successful leaders may be developed through teachable conduct rather than being born with it. The behaviors of a leader are extensively emphasized in behavioral theories of leadership; this theory contends that observing a leader's behavior is the best indicator of how successful their leadership will be. The behavioral learning hypothesis emphasizes behavior rather than traits.

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Transformational leadership is a leadership style that can inspire positive changes in those who follow. Transformational leaders are generally energetic, enthusiastic, and passionate. Not only are these leaders concerned and involved in the process, but they are also focused on helping every member of the group succeed.

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Malesela Rachabedi st10119080
1.According to trait leadership theory, effective leaders have in common a pattern of personal characteristics that support their ability to mobilize others toward a shared vision.

2.  traits include dimensions of personality and motives, sets of skills and capabilities, and behavior in social relationships.
3.
most leader traits can be organized into four groups:

Personality: Patterns of behavior, such as adaptability and comfort with ambiguity, and dispositional tendencies, such as motives and values, are associated with effective leadership.

Demographic: In this category, gender has received by far the most attention in terms of leadership; however, most scholars have found that gender is not a determining demographic trait, as male and female leaders are equally effective.

Task competence: This relates to how individuals approach the execution and performance of tasks. Hoffman groups intelligence, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and emotional stability into this category.

Interpersonal attributes:These relate to how a leader approaches social interactions. According to Hoffman and others (2011), traits such as extroversion and agreeableness are included in this category.

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Transactional leadership theory is based on the idea that managers give employees something they want in exchange for getting something they want. It posits that workers are not self-motivated and require structure, instruction and monitoring in order to complete tasks correctly and on time. Nokukhanya Nyathi 

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Transactional leadership theory is based on the idea that managers give employees something they want in exchange for getting something they want. It posits that workers are not self-motivated and require structure, instruction and monitoring in order to complete tasks correctly and on time. Nokukhanya Nyathi 

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This leadership approach that’s looks at change in individuals and social systems. This creates valuable and meaningful change in the followers and allows for them to have an end goal of also becoming a leader. - Taylor Crooks

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Transactional leadership, also known as managerial leadership, is a leadership style where leaders rely on rewards and punishments to achieve optimal job performance from their subordinates.