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Ethnic conflict: Ethnic conflict, a form of conflict in which the objectives of at least one party are defined in ethnic terms, and the conflict, its antecedents, and possible solutions are perceived along ethnic lines. The conflict is usually not about ethnic differences themselves but over political, economic,

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1. Describe some elements of "common culture." What do you think makes these common?
culture traits, music, customs, laws, and religion
2. Summarize one of the theories of ethnic identity. What are some of the reasons that different ethnicities have conflict?  they feel threatened by the government they feel like their right are being taken religion, language, tradition
3. How does nationalism play a part in the ethnic conflict? they want they other people out of there country

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In August 2017, a deadly crackdown by Myanmar's army on Rohingya Muslims sent hundreds of thousands fleeing across the border into Bangladesh.

They risked everything to escape by sea or on foot a military offensive which the United Nations later described as a "textbook example of ethnic cleansing".

In January 2020, the UN's top court ordered the Buddhist-majority country to take measures to protect members of its Rohingya community from genocide.

But the army in Myanmar (formerly Burma) has said it was fighting Rohingya militants and denies targeting civilians. The country's leader Aung San Suu Kyi, once a human rights icon, has repeatedly denied allegations of genocide.

Who are the Rohingya?

Described by UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres as "one of, if not the, most discriminated people in the world", the Rohingya are one of Myanmar's many ethnic minorities.

The Rohingya, who numbered around one million in Myanmar at the start of 2017, are one of the many ethnic minorities in the country. Rohingya Muslims represent the largest percentage of Muslims in Myanmar, with the majority living in Rakhine state.

They have their own language and culture and say they are descendants of Arab traders and other groups who have been in the region for generations.

But the government of Myanmar, a predominantly Buddhist country, denies the Rohingya citizenship and even excluded them from the 2014 census, refusing to recognise them as a people.

It sees them as illegal immigrants from Bangladesh.

Since the 1970s, Rohingya have migrated across the region in significant numbers. Estimates of their numbers are often much higher than official figures.

In the last few years, before the latest crisis, thousands of Rohingya made perilous journeys out of Myanmar to escape communal violence or alleged abuses by the security forces.

The exodus began on 25 August 2017 after Rohingya Arsa militants launched deadly attacks on more than 30 police posts.

Rohingyas arriving in Bangladesh said they fled after troops, backed by local Buddhist mobs, responded by burning their villages and attacking and killing civilians.

At least 6,700 Rohingya, including at least 730 children under the age of five, were killed in the month after the violence broke out, according to medical charity Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF).

Amnesty International says the Myanmar military also raped and abused Rohingya women and girls.

The government, which puts the number of dead at 400, claims that "clearance operations" against the militants ended on 5 September, but BBC correspondents have seen evidence that they continued after that date.

At least 288 villages were partially or totally destroyed by fire in northern Rakhine state after August 2017, according to analysis of satellite imagery by Human Rights Watch.

The imagery shows many areas where Rohingya villages were reduced to smouldering rubble, while nearby ethnic Rakhine villages were left intact.

Human Rights Watch say most damage occurred in Maungdaw Township, between 25 August and 25 September 2017 - with many villages destroyed after 5 September, when Myanmar's de facto leader, Aung San Suu Kyi, said security force operations had ended.

A report published by UN investigators in August 2018 accused Myanmar's military of carrying out mass killings and rapes with "genocidal intent".

The ICJ case, lodged by the small Muslim-majority nation of The Gambia, in West Africa, on behalf of dozens of other Muslim countries, called for emergency measures to be taken against the Myanmar military, known as Tatmadaw, until a fuller investigation could be launched.

Aung San Suu Kyi rejected allegations of genocide when she appeared at the court in December 2019.

But in January 2020, the court's initial ruling ordered Myanmar to take emergency measures to protect the Rohingya from being persecuted and killed.

While the ICJ only rules on disputes between states, the International Criminal Court (ICC) has the authority to try individuals accused of war crimes or crimes against humanity. The body approved a full investigation into the case of the Rohingya in Myanmar in November.

Although Myanmar itself is not a member of the court, the ICC ruled it had jurisdiction in the case because Bangladesh, where victims fled to, is a member.

Myanmar has long denied carrying out genocide and says it is carrying out its own investigations into the events of 2017. The country's Independent Commission of Enquiry (ICOE) admitted that members of the security forces may have carried out "war crimes, serious human rights violations, and violations of domestic law", but claimed there was no evidence of genocide.

Its full report has not yet been released, but questions have been raised.

With more than half a million Rohingya believed to still be living in Myanmar's northern Rakhine province, UN investigators have warned there is a "serious risk that genocidal actions may occur or recur".

The situation that led to "killings, rapes and gang rapes, torture, forced displacement and other grave rights violations" in 2017 remained unchanged, the investigators said in September, blaming a lack of accountability and Myanmar's failure to fully investigate allegations or criminalise genocide.

Rakhine province itself is the site of an ongoing conflict between the army and rebels from the Buddhist-majority Rakhine ethnic group.

What about the refugees?

The massive numbers of refugees who fled to Bangladesh in 2017 joined hundreds of thousands of Rohingya who had fled Myanmar in previous years.

Kutupalong, the largest refugee settlement in the world according to UNHCR, is home to more than 600,000 refugees alone.

While an agreement for the return of refugees was reached in early 2018, none returned. They said they would not consider going back to Myanmar unless they were given guarantees they would be given citizenship.

And as a BBC investigation showed, even those considering returning in the future may not be able to, with villages destroyed to make way for government facilities.

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Myanmar Rohingya: What you need to know about the crisis

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Who are they, why are they fleeing from Myanmar and what is the international community doing?

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1. Who are the Rohingya? What makes them different from other groups in Myanmar?
2. What happened on August 25th, 2017?
3. How has the country of  Bangladesh responded to the migration?
4. What is the current state of the Rohingya people?

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People in U.S. see stronger conflict in society than in other countries | Pew Research Center

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New findings reveal exactly how the United States is more divided than the other 16 advanced economies surveyed.

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Addison Kliewer, Miranda Mahmud, Sarah Beth Guevara

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Exiled to Indian Country: Trail of Tears shaped Oklahoma

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Part one of “Exiled to Indian Country” examines how the Trail of Tears — the forced removal of Native Americans to Oklahoma — shaped Oklahoma.

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1. How were Native Americans treated during the Trail of Tears?
Our government force native Americans out of their homes and into Oklahoma because the southern states wanted more land for plantations.
2. What was life like for Natives after removal?
It launched an era of genocide.

3. Infer. How do you think the Trail of Tears has affected the Native American population long term? You may look up another resource to answer this question.

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1. What are some of the conflicts the American people have today?
Peoples political status, people with different ethnic or racial backgrounds, people who practice different religions,

2. Do you consider these to be ethnic conflicts or for other reasons?
Some of them relate specifically to ethnicity but some have nothing to do with it.

3. Most of these conflicts are not violent, but what kind of affect do they have on Americans?
Breaking people apart through discrimination by creating racial sides to society and preaching one is above the other.

4. Infer. Why do you think Americans have more ethnic conflict than other countries? Does nationalism have anything to do with it?
We have the most diverse groups throughout the country due to many immigrants from people either freeing a broken country or looking for a fresh start. yes and no because some people are opposed to the thought of immigration but most I believe don't mind.

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Compare the Trail of Tears to the Rohingya genocide? What is similar? What is different? 

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Compare the Trail of Tears to the Rohingya genocide? What is similar? What is different? 

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In your opinion, what do you think the United States's role should be in ending these conflicts? Explain your answer. 

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In your opinion, what do you think the United States's role should be in ending these conflicts? Explain your answer. 

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1. It was very cruel to the Native Americans. They were forced to walk in the cold. They were not given their rights of freedom being fired out of the land that they had always been in.

2. After they were removed from their land. They had to be constantly fighting to keep their new lands and keeping their people safe. They had to be protecting their water rights all the time.

3. We think the trail of tears has affected the population. Many people lost their lives moving due to the cold weather. The Native Americans were not as advanced once they moved thousands of miles away. They probably were not able to bring a ton of things with them and so they kind of had to start over with their lives.

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1. The Rohingya is one of Myanmar's many ethnic minorities. Rohingya Muslims are the largest percent of Muslims in Myanmar.
2. Rohingya Arsa militants launched deadly attacks on many police posts. Many villages were burned, and many civilians were killed.
3. Refugees were going to Bangladesh, but Bangladesh stopped accepting them.
4. The refugees can't go through Bangladesh because they aren't allowed there, and they can't go back to their home. They said wouldn't go back until they would be given citizenship.

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Answer: I don't think there is much they can do. They could possibly have more housing and refugees for the people that need to flee their homes due to safety reasons. 

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Answer: I don't think there is much they can do. They could possibly have more housing and refugees for the people that need to flee their homes due to safety reasons. 

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I think the United States should not have made people leave that were in a place for other people. It shows discrimination between races and it does not seem very fair to the people that had to pick up their lives and start over! Also you did a great job teaching!!

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We don't want to get involved in even county because then we will never leave and we can't fix the thing in our country  

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We don't want to get involved in even county because then we will never leave and we can't fix the thing in our country  

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the united stats could try and help make peace with the other countrys

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Their is nothing to say but they should be left at peace with nothing but to work on our states

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I think that the us government should be helping out to make it better for the native Americans because they had such a hard time being ripped from there homes and put somewhere new they need to be given resources back.

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I don't think there is a complete way to get ride of these conflicts because there is always differences between people. Yes there are ways to diffuse certain scenarios but behind closed doors there is always going to be conflicts