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History RLS: George Washington gets romanticized by male biographers. Now a woman has taken him on.

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History RLS: George Washington gets romanticized by male biographers. Now a woman has taken him on.

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https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2020/02/15/alexis-coe-george-washington-biography/
1. A 1-2 sentence description of this RLS and how it links to the AOK.
Answer: This RLS talks about how many male writers of George Washington's biographies wrote about him in a romanticized way, which did not reveal the full truth about who he was as a person. This writing was affected by their perspective on George Washington.

2. What does this RLS tell us about the way knowledge in this AoK is subject to different perspectives and biases?
Answer: This RLS shows that different perspectives and biases can affect the knowledge that is gained and shared by different people. As shown in this example, the biographies about George Washington written by males tended to be more romanticized and painted him as a better person than he actually was. This highlights how different perspectives could affect the way we remember some facts, and how many people remembered George Washington in a romanticized way.

3. How might ‘truth’  be difficult to establish within this AOK as illustrated by this RLS?
Answer: The truth is difficult to establish within history, due to the lack of evidence to support various aspects of it, along with the biases and perspectives of Historians, which may lead them to share historical information which isn't entirely accurate. This is shown in this RLS, through how different historians wrote about George Washington differently based on their perspective.

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Left: The cover of "You Never Forget Your First: A Biography of George Washington" with an illustration by Alexis Franklin. Right: author and historian Alexis Coe. (Sylvia Rosokoff/Viking/Penguin)

Even if you missed the colorful cover, you would know Alexis Coe's " You Never Forget Your First: A Biography of George Washington " was different right from the preface, where she dryly takes on the hundreds of men who have written Washington biographies before she did. They seem a bit obsessed with his physical prowess, she writes, particularly, and disconcertingly, with his powerful thighs. She dubs these biographers the "Thigh Men of Dad History."

Coe is only the third woman to write a complete Washington biography, and the first to do so in at least 40 years. And, she claims, the male gaze of other biographers has distorted our impressions of the first president into something that is both less accurate and less interesting.

"He's recognizable by everyone, but what do you actually know about him?" she said in an interview with The Washington Post.

Consider the cherry tree story - it's a myth created in 1800 by Washington's first biographer, Parson Weems.

Also, he could tell a lie, which really came in handy with the masterful spying operation he ran during the Revolutionary War.

And what about those allegedly wooden teeth? Yes, he had horrible teeth, Coe explains, but his dentures weren't ligneous; they were made of ivory, cow and horse teeth, and sometimes human teeth removed from the people he enslaved. (He would pay them for their teeth, Coe writes, although not at market rate.)

So why call the book "You Never Forget Your First" if we have forgotten who Washington really was?

"Whenever we think of our first love or our first friend, our first experience doing anything, we don't have the sharpest memory of it," Coe explained. "We tend to romanticize it, and that's what happened with George Washington."

Many male historians have fallen victim to this romanticizing, too, she said. In other biographies, "there's just a lack of interest in issues outside of his masculinity, outside of military endeavors, outside of the 'great man' history and mythologies we tell about our nation," she said.

Most male biographers write little about his mother, Mary Ball Washington. When they do mention her, she's described as an uncouth, illiterate shrew who tried to control, and often embarrassed, her distinguished son. (See: Chernow, Ron.)

But when Coe looked for primary sources to back this up, she said the evidence just wasn't there. Chernow, who won the 2011 Pulitzer Prize for his much praised biography "Washington: A Life," referenced secondhand sources who referenced other secondhand sources, she maintains. (Chernow did not respond to an email seeking comment.)

In fact, Mary wasn't illiterate; there are letters written in her hand. Another conclusion is likelier, Coe writes: That she was a smart and determined single mother whose rich and famous son perhaps should have taken better care of her in her later years.

The worst July 4 that George Washington ever had - and how it led to a new nation

Male historians also emphasize that Washington never had children, and how this was integral to his elevation as the "Father of Our Nation."

Coe shows that although Washington never had biological kids, he loved children and raised many, including stepchildren, step-grandchildren, nieces and nephews. Domestic life was central to his being; he played with these kids, found them the best tutors and even dispensed love advice. When Washington's stepson Jack Custis died of typhus during key negotiations after the Battle of Yorktown, the great general left for nearly a week to be with his family.

Coe is a trained historian, but she isn't an academic. She spent her early career in public history exhibitions at the Brooklyn Historical Society and the New York Public Library before focusing on writing. She's also a consulting producer on Doris Kearns Goodwin's new George Washington series, which debuts on the History Channel on Sunday.

Coe's book is peppered with BuzzFeed-like charts and listicles packed with information both humorous and profound. "If history is boring, it's the historian's fault," she said. It has received mostly glowing reviews from readers and other historians, but on Saturday, a Daily Mail story inaccurately claimed Coe called Washington "an illiterate liar who cheated his way to top," causing a wave of online harassment. Some early reviews have also described the book as "irreverent" - a characterization she takes issue with.

"We've expected that presidential biographies should be reverent," she said. "If someone is reverent toward their subject, they can't really tell us about them in a truthful manner. They're biased."

Nowhere is this clearer than in Coe's real talk about Washington and slavery. As far as she knows, she is the first biographer to describe Mount Vernon as a "forced-labor camp," an accurate but controversial term that has moved through academic and activist circles in recent years.

George Washington owned slaves and ordered Indians killed. Will a mural of that history be hidden?

"Every biography has to mention that he owned slaves, of course," Coe said. "And it is absolutely true to say that he inherited slaves when he was still an adolescent, but it is not true to say that that was the only world that he knew," or that "he was a man of his times."

Washington spent time in regions where slavery was taboo or illegal, was pressured by close friends for decades to free the people he enslaved, and complained that he didn't have the money to pay the required fees to free them, even though he did, Coe found.

There's much more evidence that Washington's will, which provided a path to freedom for the people he enslaved, was written out of concern about his legacy than out of a sincere change of heart about slavery, Coe said.

"He was aware that people he admired throughout the world would judge him harshly," she said.

In one particularly disturbing passage, Coe describes how Washington sent an enslaved man, who had attempted to flee, to be sold in the West Indies, knowing full well that sending him to the harsh region was a virtual death sentence.

Her goal with the book is not to "cancel" Washington, she said, but to provide readers - especially first-time presidential biography readers - with the complete truth, so they can feel confident in drawing their own conclusions.

"I hope that he seems real," she said. "I need him to be a fully formed person."
This story has been updated. Read more Retropolis: How a painting of George Washington crossing the Delaware on Christmas went 19th-century viral Trump wondered why Mount Vernon isn't named after George Washington. Here's why. This map helped George Washington win the Revolutionary War. Now it's on display at Mount Vernon. George Washington's Supreme Court nominees were confirmed in two days. Only half showed up to work

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George Washington gets romanticized by male biographers. Now a woman has taken him on.

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Alexis Coe's biography of Washington - the first by a woman in 40 years - is called "You Never Forget Your First." But have we?

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https://aeon.co/ideas/the-concept-of-probability-is-not-as-simple-as-you-think
1. A 1-2 sentence description of this RLS and how it links to the AOK.
Answer: This RLS talks about how there are multiple ways to analyze the probability of something happening, based on the perspective of who is analyzing, and the background information present.

2. What does this RLS tell us about the way knowledge in this AoK is subject to different perspectives and biases?
Answer: This RLS highlights how knowledge may change depending on different perspectives, which allow for the analysis of different types of information, to reach a conclusion about something being analyzed. This is shown in this RLS through the analysis of the probability, where the projected probability of something happening can change based on the information given, and also the opinion of whoever is analyzing.

3. How might ‘truth’  be difficult to establish within this AOK as illustrated by this RLS?
Answer: Truth may be difficult to establish within math, as different pieces of information can be produced from one problem, which leads to people having to choose the one piece of information which is deemed as the truth. This is illustrated by this RLS, through probability, where there can be multiple values for the probability of something happen, and people are forced to choose the correct one, to deem it as the actual probability of something happening.

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The concept of probability is not as simple as you think | Aeon Ideas

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Working out probabilities is not simple as you might think, whether you’re a gambler, a quantum physicist or a juror

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NdGT: Scientists’ brains are wired to see differently

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NdGT: Scientists’ brains are wired to see differently

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https://bigthink.com/hard-science/neil-degrasse-tyson-scientists-brains-are-wired-to-see-differently/

1. A 1-2 sentence description of this RLS and how it links to the AOK.
Answer: This RLS talks about how scientists have a different perspective of the world than other people, and how this perspective helps them approach certain scientific questions.

2. What does this RLS tell us about the way knowledge in this AoK is subject to different perspectives and biases?
Answer: This RLS highlights how different perspectives and ways of thinking, can help extract information out of pre-existing objects. In this example, Neil Degrasse Tyson talks about unidentified flying objects, and how his perspective of the earth as an astrophysicist can help answer the question of what these objects are.

3. How might ‘truth’  be difficult to establish within this AOK as illustrated by this RLS?
Answer: The truth may be difficult to establish in this area of knowledge, as people with different biases based on religion and culture, may have knowledge ingrained in them that conflicts with science, as shown in the RLS. These biases make it difficult to determine what is the actual truth, and to accept this truth when it is found.

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Neil deGrasse Tyson: Scientists’ brains are wired to see differently

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Scientists are expert observers. Because of this, they can help us develop a keener view of the world — the cosmos.

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New Zealand Ditches GDP For Happiness And Wellbeing

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New Zealand Ditches GDP For Happiness And Wellbeing

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https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesellsmoor/2019/07/11/new-zealand-ditches-gdp-for-happiness-and-wellbeing/?sh=74af5d5f1942
1. A 1-2 sentence description of this RLS and how it links to the AOK.
Answer: This RLS talks about how GDP may not be a suitable tool to measure the well-being of a nation, which highlights how perspective can affect what is defined as the well-being of a nation.

2. What does this RLS tell us about the way knowledge in this AoK is subject to different perspectives and biases?
Answer: This is because the definition of the well-being of a nation may be different depending on different perspectives, and some may see GDP as a proper tool to measure well-being, while others may not depending on their perspective.

3. How might ‘truth’  be difficult to establish within this AOK as illustrated by this RLS?
Answer: The truth is hard to establish in human sciences, due to how complicated they can be, along with the unpredictability of humans, and the lack of objectivity within it. This is shown by this RLS, through how there is no objective tool to measure the well being of a nation, do to the many factors that affect people's well-being.

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Recently, GDP has come under scrutiny as a planning tool, with some decision-makers turning instead to the , a marker that focuses on the wellbeing of the citizens rather than an economic bottom line. Happiness Index This Index would help governments use their budgets with the aim to increase the welfare of its citizens instead of the nation's Gross Domestic Product .

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has always been a dependable tool for economic discussions, an index that is used to determine the health of an economy and the wellbeing of a nation. GDP is a measurement of the value of finished goods and services within a country over a specific time frame. A nation's Gross Domestic Product can then be divided by its population to determine the GDP per capita. This is, in turn, used to make assumptions on standards of living within that country, with the idea that the higher the per capita amount, the better the standards are.
See also: Renewable Energy Is Now The Cheapest Option - Even Without Subsidies
However, GDP has had mixed results when trying to illustrate the welfare of the people. As an economic tool, it only makes assumptions about the basic standards of living, which can be different across the socioeconomic spectrum of a nation. Additionally, better standards of living do not necessarily equate to better welfare, with the latter affected by a range of factors including but not limited to mental wellbeing, cultural resilience, and environmental health.
See also: Trump Asks UK To Drop Food And Environment Standards To Secure Post-Brexit Trade Deal The New Zealand Project
Nobel Prize-winning economist and designer of the modern GDP Simon Kuznets noted himself in 1934: "The welfare of a nation can scarcely be inferred from a measurement of national income." GDP, which had been used in one form or another since 1654, was reworked to its current state in 1934 when Kuznets presented a report to the US Congress regarding national wealth. However, as he expressed at the time, it should not be used as more than an economic tool to set an economic value of a country's production power, and that equating GDP to citizen welfare would be over-simplifying a very complex situation.

The Kingdom of Bhutan became the first nation to test a Gross National Happiness Index in 2008. Bhutan started to measure factors including psychological health, living standards, community vitality as well as environmental and cultural resilience - which the government would then use these metrics to inform its policies. Creative accurate measurements for these factors that are easy to measure is often challenging, an excuse often given for avoiding them altogether.
See also: Businesses Would Gain $2.1 Trillion By Embracing Low-Carbon Tech Communities Over Economics
New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern is the latest leader to adopt the Happiness Index metric, announcing a new budget that focused on improving the prosperity of local communities. Ardern hoped that : "(lay) the foundation for not just one well-being budget, but a different approach for government decision-making altogether." As part of the budget, there will be an increase of NZ$200 million (US$131 million) in services aimed at helping victims of domestic and sexual violence as well as housing programs for the nation's homeless population. as a "game-changing event" by London School of Economics Dr. Richard Layard, New Zealand's budget has set a new standard for progressive policy "no other major country that has so explicitly adopted well-being as its objective."

After unveiling New Zealand's new economic framework, the center-left government also explained the basis behind their shift in focus. All new spending must advance one of five government priorities: improving mental health, reducing child poverty, addressing the by indigenous Maori and Pacific island people, thriving in a digital age, and transitioning to a low-emission, sustainable economy. inequalities faced New Zealand's change in policy represents a shift that economists have long theorized could be a more effective use of government spending .

The 4.9-million strong nation has a long history of progressive policy-making and defending its interests against international superpowers , and as Max Harris lays out in his book The New Zealand Project , it makes it the ideal nation to lead a change in global views. In his 2017 publication, Harris explains how the island nation would be better served working towards integrating traditional community values focusing on collective welfare in order to tackle large issues such as climate change or social inequality. Harris' vision for a better, happier and more cohesive New Zealand is now a step closer to being fulfilled, with Jacinda Ardern's new wellness budget.

As Finance Minister Grant Robertson , the economic growth of a nation should not come at the cost of its citizens: "Sure, we had - and have - GDP growth rates that many other countries around the world envied, but for many New Zealanders, this GDP growth had not translated into higher living standards or better opportunities. How could we be a rockstar, they asked, with homelessness, child poverty and inequality on the rise?"

Robertson's statement summarizes the views of many governments worldwide, who are increasingly looking to create happier communities "For me, wellbeing means people living lives of purpose, balance, and meaning to them, and having the capabilities to do so." From the United Kingdom to , the Happiness Index has been adopted in various forms in order to improve the welfare of the general population, while also re-prioritizing the use of a nation's economic powers. New Zealand's decision to embrace it as a defining part of their national budget has started internationally to determine whether this new approach may be the most effective for both communities and their respective economies.

GDP may be an outdated metric when it comes to determining the welfare of a nation's populace and although it presents an accurate indication of a country's economic health, its role as a key budgetary tool. As nations increasingly move towards transitions toward sustainable development and efficient energy and technologies , the use of the Happiness Index could help spur investment in that improve the community, the economy, and the environment. New Zealand has always been at the forefront of change throughout the ages, and it is poised to continue its ways by pioneering a community-centered economic plan.

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New Zealand Ditches GDP For Happiness And Wellbeing

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Recently, GDP has come under scrutiny as a planning tool, with some decision-makers turning instead to the Happiness Index, a marker that focuses on the wellbeing of the citizens rather than an economic bottom line. In New Zealand, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern is looking to do things differently.

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Arts RLS - 2018 Turner Prize controversy

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Arts RLS - 2018 Turner Prize controversy

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https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/turner-prize-2018-winners-most-memorable-damien-hirst-grayson-perry-tracey-emin-chris-ofili-a8666201.html

1. A 1-2 sentence description of this RLS and how it links to the AOK.
Answer: This RLS talks about several controversial pieces of artwork which were perceived differently by different people.

2. What does this RLS tell us about the way knowledge in this AoK is subject to different perspectives and biases?
Answer: This RLS shows that biases and perspectives can affect the knowledge that is gained out of artwork. This is shown by how some pieces of artwork convey different kinds of information to different people depending on how they view the art, and their perspective on it.

3. How might ‘truth’  be difficult to establish within this AOK as illustrated by this RLS?
Answer: Truth is difficult to establish when it comes to art, due to how subjective it is, and how prone it is to change based on the perspective of the viewer of the art.

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The winner of the Turner Prize 2018 will be announced tonight, with four emerging artists competing for the honour and the accompanying £25,000 windfall.

Forensic Architecture, Naeem Mohaiemen, Charlotte Prodger and Luke Willis Thompson are this year's entrants, all video-centric creators concerned with "the most pressing political and humanitarian issues of the day", according to Tate Britain director Alex Farquharson.

Response to the nominations has mellowed considerably in recent years but in its 1990s heyday, when the accolade was regarded as a key event in the "Cool Britannia" calendar and provided a reliable source of controversy.

The Turner was routinely picketed by the Stuckists, a protest group calling for a return to figurative painting, who would demonstrate outside Tate Britain dressed as clowns bearing placards dismissing it as "a state-funded advertising agency for Charles Saatchi " and arguing that it should be renamed "the Duchamp Award for the destruction of artistic integrity".

"The only artist who wouldn't be in danger of winning the Turner Prize is [JMW] Turner ", they would rather pointedly argue.

The Guardian was moved to question whether Fiona Banner's 2002 entry Arsewoman in Wonderland amounted to art or pornography, putting the question to adult film star Ben Dover ("Porn is the new rock and roll and what this piece of art is, in my opinion, is verbal justification for it. It allows all the Islingtonites to get off on the sexy stuff without sanctioning porn").

Culture Minister Kim Howells dismissed the prize as "conceptual b******t", to the glee of Prince Charles, that same year.

Damien Hirst's cows preserved in formaldehyde are undoubtedly among the most iconic and divisive spectacles to have featured, along with Tracey Emin's My Bed (1998), which didn't actually win but was sufficiently notorious to inspire performance artists Yuan Chai and Jian Jun Xi to offer a riposte, staging a pillow fight among its sheets before being removed by security.

Both were synonymous with the so-called Young British Artists movement and came to be closely associated with the cigarettes-and-Chablis spirit of the moment.

The Turner Prize may be maligned in some quarters as pretentious or willfully oblique but, like Trafalgar Square's Fourth Plinth, it provides a rare opportunity to put challenging, immersive contemporary art before the general public and for that service alone deserves to be cut some slack.

With that in mind, here's a brief look back at some of its many memorable winners.

Gilbert & George, 1986

The duo - famed for dressing alike and resembling cohabiting bank managers - won for one of their trademark stained glass-inspired psychedelic collages in the second year of the Turner's life (painter Howard Hodgkin won the first).

They distanced themselves from the honour, however: "We don't like prizes. We are apart from all that."

Rachel Whiteread, 1993

Whiteread became the Turner's first female winner for House, a sculpture made by using a derelict house in east London as a mould, filling it with liquid concrete and stripping away the exterior cast to create a "fossil".

The divisive nature of the accolade was emphasised when she also won that year's Anti-Turner Prize, naming her "the worst artist in Britain", and saw her project dismissed as "meritless gigantism" by critic Brian Sewell, a staunch traditionalist who later argued that opening a gallery in the North East denied "more sophisticated" Londoners a chance to see new exhibitions.

Antony Gormley, 1994

Gormley, who felt so differently to Sewell he would later design the Angel of the North, won for Testing a World View.

The work was an installation of five identical cast iron figures, bent at the waist, arranged around the room in different positions to pose questions about architectural space and how human posture conveys mood.

Damien Hirst, 1995

Unquestionably one of the most famous works of art in the world, Hirst's Mother and Child Divided presented four glass tanks housing a cow and her calf severed in half, the carcasses suspended in formaldehyde.

The work developed an idea Hirst first put forth in 1991 when he embalmed a tiger shark in The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living.

Punk rock Renaissance man Billy Childish, a former boyfriend of Tracey Emin and founding Stuckist, gave one of the most clear-eyed assessments of Hirst and his body of work in the song "Art or Arse? (You Be the Judge)": "Damien Hirst's got his fish in a tank/Some say it's art, others think it's w**k".

Gillian Wearing, 1997

60 Minutes of Silence, Wearing's film of actors standing still for an hour dressed as policemen, is perhaps best remembered as the subject of a live Channel 4 News discussion that Emin stormed out of while in a state of heightened refreshment, a defining controversy associated with the Turner.

Chris Ofili, 1998

When it comes to materials, Chris Ofili's portrait paintings comprised of elephant dung coated in polyester resin take some beating. His reaction was also refreshing: "Oh man. Thank god! Where's my cheque?"

One, No Woman No Cry, quoted Bob Marley and poignantly depicted a black woman weeping for the murder of teenager Stephen Lawrence in Eltham, south east London, a crime that shocked Britain in 1993 and saw the victim's mother Doreen spearhead a campaign calling for an inquiry into the subsequent failed police investigation.

Steve McQueen, 1999

McQueen, who would go on to become an admired Hollywood director and make Hunger (2008), Shame (2011) and 12 Years a Slave (2013), was the first filmmaker to win the Turner.

Nominated for his 16mm black-and-white short films including Bear and Deadpan, in which he recreated a well-known Buster Keaton stunt from Steamboat Bill, Jr (1928), McQueen was somewhat overshadowed in the public imagination by Emin's unmade bed.

Martin Creed, 2001

Work No. 227: The Lights Going On and Off did precisely what its title suggested, being an installation in which an empty room is intermittently plunged into darkness.

The piece confounded some and infuriated others, with fellow artist Jacqueline Crofton pelting it with eggs. Madonna added to the furore when she shouted "Right on, m********s!" live on TV, before the 9pm watershed, when announcing Martin Creed as winner.

Ben Dover liked it though.

Grayson Perry, 2003

Hailed as "the first transvestite potter to the win the Turner" ("That we know of", he adds), Grayson Perry was honoured for his classically beautiful ceramic vases painted with satirical - and frequently sexual - contemporary imagery.

Accepting the award in the guise of "Claire" his teddy-sporting alter ego and wearing an exquisitely embroidered Victorian party frock, Mr Perry quickly became a national treasure.

Now primarily working in tapestry, he has since become a popular broadcaster, tackling themes related to social class and the changing face of masculinity on Channel 4.

Turner Prize 2018 shortlist: in pictures
Show all 15
He won huge plaudits for his 2013 BBC Reith Lectures "Playing to the Gallery", as good an introduction to the often perplexing world of modern art as you could wish for.

Susan Philipsz, 2010

One of the most interesting recent winners was Scotland's Susan Philipsz, the first to win for an entirely aural work.

A recording of the artist singing the traditional sea shanty "Lowlands Away" under Glasgow's bridges was played through speakers into the exhibiting gallery, conjuring an evocative sense of place and the past calling us back through time with ancient words.

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The Turner Prize's 10 most memorable and outrageous winners

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The winner of the Turner Prize 2018 will be announced tonight, with four emerging artists competing for the honour and the accompanying £25,000 windfall. Forensic Architecture, Naeem Mohaiemen, Charlotte Prodger and Luke Willis Thompson are this year's entrants, all video-centric creators concerned with "the most pressing political and humanitarian issues of the day", according to Tate Britain director Alex Farquharson.

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How might knowledge be viewed differently in this AOK via different perspectives?

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How might knowledge be viewed differently in this AOK via different perspectives?

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Answer: Knowledge may be viewed differently within History based on perspective, due to the different perspectives of historians leading them to share information based on these perspective. In addition to this, the historical knowledge that people were raised to know in their culture or religion may be difficult to change even if new evidence arises, as this is knowledge that was ingrained in them.

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How might knowledge be viewed differently in this AOK via different perspectives?

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How might knowledge be viewed differently in this AOK via different perspectives?

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Answer: Knowledge may be viewed differently within math depending on perspective, based on the information that someone uses to solve different math problems, leading them to reach different conclusions. The way of reaching an answer may also differ depending on different perspectives, which affect the way that someone would choose to solve a mathematical problem, which may also lead them to derive different mathematical information based on their perspective.

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How might knowledge be viewed differently in this AOK via different perspectives?

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How might knowledge be viewed differently in this AOK via different perspectives?

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Answer: There are many different types of art, which can all be perceived in different ways. The way art is perceived may depend on how ambiguous it is, and the knowledge that it is meant to convey. The knowledge that is derived from art may depend on the perspective of the viewer, based on their experiences, and their cultural/religious background.

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How might knowledge be viewed differently in this AOK via different perspectives?

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How might knowledge be viewed differently in this AOK via different perspectives?

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Answer: Knowledge may be viewed differently on this AOK depending on different perspectives, as a psychologist, or someone who has studied human sciences extensively, may view people differently than someone who has not. In addition to this, there are many psychological factors that affect how perspectives affect how people receive information, and this is something that is studied by human sciences.

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How might knowledge be viewed differently in this AOK via different perspectives?

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How might knowledge be viewed differently in this AOK via different perspectives?

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Answer: Knowledge may be viewed differently within natural sciences via different perspectives, due to the way different people view science based on the culture they were raised in and their religion. For this reason, knowledge from natural sciences is likely to be perceived differently by scientists who engage in these sciences, than people who don't.

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BQ4: How do our perspectives and biases shape our knowledge of the world?

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BQ4: How do our perspectives and biases shape our knowledge of the world?