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In 1857, the British who gained control of India sent the Mughal leader into exile.

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In 1857, the British who gained control of India sent the Mughal leader into exile.

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A Mughal leader named Akbar the Great came to throne at the age of 13 in 1556 and led Muslim India to a golden age.

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A Mughal leader named Akbar the Great came to throne at the age of 13 in 1556 and led Muslim India to a golden age.

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In 1526, troops lead by Babur swept out central India.

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In 1526, troops lead by Babur swept out central India.

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The Mughals were people from central Asia who invaded India.

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The Mughals were people from central Asia who invaded India.

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A group of Afghan warriors invaded the Safavids in 1722 causing their downfall. 

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A group of Afghan warriors invaded the Safavids in 1722 causing their downfall. 

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The Safavids used their riches to build palaces, mosques, schools, hospitals, roads, and bridges. 

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The Safavids used their riches to build palaces, mosques, schools, hospitals, roads, and bridges. 

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They fought with the Ottomans that lasted more than 100 years. Most of their battles were about the control over Mesopotamia's fertile plains.

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They fought with the Ottomans that lasted more than 100 years. Most of their battles were about the control over Mesopotamia's fertile plains.

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Safavids were a Shi'ite dynasty who became rivals with the Ottoman Sunnis.

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Safavids were a Shi'ite dynasty who became rivals with the Ottoman Sunnis.

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These Ottomans relied a lot on slaves to staff the government and armies. There was also a group of highly trained soldiers who were slaves.

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These Ottomans relied a lot on slaves to staff the government and armies. There was also a group of highly trained soldiers who were slaves.

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Suleyman I, one of the greatest sultans, led a powerful army with well equipped supplies which helped him conquer some of northern Africa and eastern Europe.

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Suleyman I, one of the greatest sultans, led a powerful army with well equipped supplies which helped him conquer some of northern Africa and eastern Europe.

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They ended the Byzantine Empire in 1453 by taking over Constantinople, which is now known as Istanbul. 

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They ended the Byzantine Empire in 1453 by taking over Constantinople, which is now known as Istanbul. 

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The Ottomans came together as frontier warriors against the Byzantines.

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The Ottomans came together as frontier warriors against the Byzantines.

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After he died, a civil war erupted and the Christian kings of northern Spain took over more and more of Al-Andalus. 

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After he died, a civil war erupted and the Christian kings of northern Spain took over more and more of Al-Andalus. 

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Under Abd al Rahman III's strong leadership, Muslim Spain united under his rule by 933.

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Under Abd al Rahman III's strong leadership, Muslim Spain united under his rule by 933.

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The last surviving prince of the Umayyads established a powerful and independent state called Al-Andalus.

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The last surviving prince of the Umayyads established a powerful and independent state called Al-Andalus.

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Muslim conquered Spain in 711 and most of it got taken over control by the Umayyads in 750.

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Muslim conquered Spain in 711 and most of it got taken over control by the Umayyads in 750.

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The Mongols stormed Baghdad and killed the last Abbasid Empire in 1258.

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The Mongols stormed Baghdad and killed the last Abbasid Empire in 1258.

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They created an army with mainly Turkish mercenaries and hired soilders.

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They created an army with mainly Turkish mercenaries and hired soilders.

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They ruled during the Golden Age in Muslim history, but the caliph were isolated.

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They ruled during the Golden Age in Muslim history, but the caliph were isolated.

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The Abbasids are descendants of Muhammad's uncle and overthrew the Umayyads in 750. 

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The Abbasids are descendants of Muhammad's uncle and overthrew the Umayyads in 750. 

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The Sunni were those who followed the Umayyads and the Shiite were those who disagreed and believed that only Muhammad's family could be the caliph.

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The Sunni were those who followed the Umayyads and the Shiite were those who disagreed and believed that only Muhammad's family could be the caliph.

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They moved the Muslim empire Capital from Damascus to Syria, which made it much easier to control lands they conquered, but many were unhappy and thought it was too far from Medina. 

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They moved the Muslim empire Capital from Damascus to Syria, which made it much easier to control lands they conquered, but many were unhappy and thought it was too far from Medina. 

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Map of Muslim Spain

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The Umayyads had a system where the title of caliph passed from father to son.

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The Umayyads had a system where the title of caliph passed from father to son.

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When all four caliphs were dead, a family known as the Umayyads gained power.

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When all four caliphs were dead, a family known as the Umayyads gained power.

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Map of Mughal Empire

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Map of Safavid Empire

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Map of Ottoman Empire

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Map of Abbasid Empire

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Map of Umayyad Empire