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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9qUdkYdiVw

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Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) - Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Treatment

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Painful Bladder Syndrome (PBS) / Interstitial Cystitis (IC)

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RCPA Manual 7th edition

Editors: Prof Brett Delahunt (Chair), Dr Rob Baird, Dr John Burnett, Dr David Gillis, Dr Diane Kenwright, Dr Zoe McQuilten, Dr Nelson Tang, Dr Bronwen Ross.

Acknowledgements: A/Prof Damon Bell, A/Prof Kevin Carpenter, A/Prof Merrole Cole-Sinclair, Dr Gemma Crighton, Ms Margaret Dimech, Dr Joan Faoagali, Dr Dimitri Gerostamoulos, Dr Paul Glendenning, Dr Narelle Hadlow, Ms Sarah Halawani, Ms Marion Higginson, Dr Zane Kaplan, Dr Richard MacKay, Dr Colin MacLeod, Ms Lauren Moir, Ms Donna Moore, Ms Belinda Neill, Dr Stella Pendle, Dr Tse-Chieh Teh, Dr Samuel Vasikaran, Ms Linda Vinski, Ms Vanessa White, A/Prof Bing Yu.

The RCPA wishes to acknowledge the Australian Government Department of Health for their generous support of the RCPA Manual 7th edition.

RCPA Manual 6th edition
Editors: Prof Brett Delahunt (Chair), Dr John Burnett, Dr Benedict Carnley, Dr David Gillis, Dr Nelson Tang, Dr Gillian Wood, Dr Bronwen Ross

PDST Authors: Dr Paul Glendenning, Dr Samuel Vasikaran, Dr David Gillis, Dr Narelle Hadlow, Dr Penelope Coates, Dr Claire Dendle, Dr Maryza Graham, A/Prof Christopher Florkowski, Prof Kris Barlow-Stewart, Dr Graham Jones, Dr Robert Norton, Dr Joan Faoagali, Dr Lisa-Ann Koe, Dr Gillian Wood, Prof Frank Bowling, Dr Vanessa Clifford, Dr Katherine Nicholls, Dr Anja Werno, Dr Ee Mun Lim, A/Prof Huy Tran, Dr Chiyan Lau, A/Prof David Sullivan, Dr Rosemary Miller, Dr Kenneth Sikaris, Dr John Duley, Dr Melissa Gillett, Dr Alan McNeil, Prof William Rawlinson and Dr Louise McCormack.

Acknowledgements: Dr Lisa Parker.

The RCPA wishes to acknowledge the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing for their generous support for the update and transforming of the RCPA Manual.

RCPA Manual 5th edition

Editors: Prof Brett Delahunt (Chair), Dr John Burnett, Dr Benedict Carnley, Dr David Gillis, Dr Nelson Tang, Dr Gillian Wood, Dr Tamsin Waterhouse.

RCPA Manual 4th edition

Authors: Prof Brett Delahunt, Prof Peter George, Dr David Gillis, Dr Debra Graves, Dr Michael Harvey, Dr Christine Johnson, Mr Andrey Zheluk, Dr Diane N Kenwright, Dr Peter Bethwaite, Dr Harold J Neal, Dr Alexa M J Kidd, Dr Jeremy Touhy, Dr Emmanuel J Favaloro, Dr Elizabeth Todorova, Dr Elizabeth Bernal-Hoyos, Dr Lucinda Wallman, Dr David Mitchell.

Acknowledgements: Dr David Smith, Dr Gary Lum, Ms Belinda Neil, Ms Maddeson Lavers, Mr Roman Danylak, Ms Rebecca Havey, Ms Lara McLaughlin, Mr Abishek Kumar, Ms Susan Mildenhall, Mr Peter Youll.

The RCPA wishes to acknowledge the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing for their generous support of the RCPA Manual 4th edition.

Acknowledgement for previous editions of RCPA Manual

The concept of producing a manual to guide clinicians in the use and interpretation of pathology tests originated with Professor Ernest Finckh during his time as President of the College (1979-1981). Professor David Thomas was responsible for the initial work done to translate the concept into reality and was co-editor of the first edition. Dr Eva Raik, as Honorary Secretary (1981-1986) and as Vice President/President (1991-1997) has provided support and, at times, much-needed encouragement throughout. The task has been actively supported by Council through almost two decades. Dr Jack Hamer (President 1997-1999) and the immediate past President, Professor David Davies actively supported the production of a third edition.

The College remains indebted to previous Editors, for their assistance in a difficult process and their commitment to the principles underlying this publication. Dr Jean McPherson, Dr Vera Stoermer, Dr Alan Clague, Dr Virginia Billson, Dr David Gillis, Dr Christine Johnson and Dr Mark Pilbeam, as past and/or present members of the Board of Education, have contributed to both the second edition and to the third edition. Dr Wendy Erber, Dr Ross Bradbury and A/Professor Ron Walls, and Professor Ron Trent and Dr Yiu-Lam Kwan were also contributors to the second edition.

Professor Stephen Cordner provided the section on the autopsy. Dr Allan Lloyd and Dr Michael Gribble contributed to the section on the reliability of test results. Written material, editorial comment and/or advice over the previous three editions was provided by a number of other colleagues. These individuals are listed below and are thanked for their contributions:

Dr Bentley Atcheson, Dr Gordon Baker, Dr Paul Bedford, A/Prof Thomas Boogert, Dr Michael Boyle, Ms Joan Brick, Dr Nigel Brown, Dr Ian Chambers, Mr Gary Clarke, Dr Peter Coleman, Ms Margaret Collecutt, Prof David Davies, A/Prof Olaf Drummer, Dr Geoffrey Forbes, A/Prof Margaret O Garson, Dr Maree Gleeson, Ms Irene Goodhew, Dr Michael Gribble, Dr Michael Guerin, Dr Leigh Hammond, Dr Gary Hoffman, Ms Linda Hueston, Ms Rebecca Jansma, Prof Geoffrey Kellerman, Mr John Lowan, A/Prof James McCluskey, Dr Richard McMullin, Dr Gabrielle Medley, Dr Matthew Meerkin, Dr Cliff Meldrum, Dr Howard Morris, Dr Nick Mulvany, Dr Stan Pilbeam, Dr Joanne Pink, Dr Bob Pritchard, Dr Eva Raik, A/Prof William Rawlinson, Dr Glen Reeves, A/Prof Peter Roberts-Thompson, Dr Arabella Smith, Ms Greta Spall, A/Prof Alison Street, Dr Graeme Suthers, Dr Amanda Thomson, A/Prof John Turnidge, Dr Philip Tynan, Dr Dakshesh Vakil, Prof John Vince, Dr David Williams and Ms Norma Worswick.

The technical infrastructure and design were developed by Hothouse Interactive. The RCPA wishes to acknowledge the contribution of Mr Simon Monk, Mr Simon Van Wyk and Mr Chris Noble.

The clinical algorithms were developed by the University of Sydney Department of Medical Education. The RCPA wishes to acknowledge the contribution of Dr Greg Ryan, Dr Tim Shaw, Dr Stewart Barnet and Mr Conor McCormick.

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RCPA Manual 7th edition Editors: Prof Brett Delahunt (Chair), Dr Rob Baird, Dr John Burnett, Dr David Gillis, Dr Diane Kenwright, Dr Zoe McQuilten, Dr Nelson Tang, Dr Bronwen Ross.

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MindMup 2 - Mind Map in the cloud. Zero-friction, free online mind mapping. The most productive online mind map canvas on the Web. Supports Freemind mindmap import/export.

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STI Guidelines Australia - STI Guidelines Australia

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Preeclampsia & eclampsia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

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Routine at first antenatal visit, before 20 weeks

Tests recommended: Full blood count, Blood group, Blood group and antibody screen, Rubella Ab status, Hepatitis B serology, Hepatitis C serology, HIV serology (HIV Ab and Ag combination) and Syphilis serology (TPHA or TPPT), Vitamin D.

MCS urine (microscopy and culture)

Other tests to consider: Cervical cytology, screening for haemoglobinopathies, Varicella zoster Ab.

Tests after the first visit: Obstetric ultrasound before 20 weeks gestation, screening for Down syndrome (see link below).

Routine at 26-28 weeks

Full blood count, including Haemoglobin and Platelet count.

Blood group and antibody screen. See also Haemolytic disease of the newborn.

Glucose challenge test. NB: The urine glucose is of no value in the detection of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Repeat Syphilis serology in high risk populations.

If high risk for infection

Genital swab for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, HIV serology (HIV Ab and Ag combination).

If the patient has recurrent genital ulcers, thought to be due to Herpes simplex virus infection, the diagnosis should be confirmed by virus detection. Documentation enables a more informed decision as to the need for Caesarean section if lesions are still present at the onset of labour.

Selective testing for cytomegalovirus (Cytomegalovirus detection) and toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma Ab) should only be considered for women at substantially increased risk of acquiring such infections, and ideally this testing should be done prior to pregnancy.

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Routine at first antenatal visit, before 20 weeks Tests recommended: Full blood count, Blood group, Blood group and antibody screen, Rubella Ab status, Hepatitis B serology, Hepatitis C serology, HIV serology (HIV Ab and Ag combination) and Syphilis serology (TPHA or TPPT), Vitamin D.

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Have fun  with this!
(Just skip the questions on things we haven't covered like Diabetes Insipidus ...)

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Put your knowledge to the test with this hormonally charged endocrinology quiz.

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Chronic kidney disease - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

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Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) - pathology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis & pathology

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Diabetes mellitus (type 1, type 2) & diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

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Lots of videos on topics we've covered on this channel  :)

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osmosis osmosis.org pathophysiology pathology education "creative commons" "medical school" "nursing school" medicine health nursing "medical education" phys...

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Osmosis.org is a leading medical & health education platform with an audience of over a million current & future clinicians & caregivers. Our vision: Everyon...

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Comment on the likely cause of the condition, & what should be done next? (max 50 words per case)

A 50 year old man presents with hypertension, elevated blood sugars, terrible knee arthritis and severe daytime fatigue. His wife complaints of his loud snoring and he has a reduced libido. His shoe size has recently increased. He also says that he has a dull persistent headache for several weeks now.

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Succinctly interpret the tests, comment on the likely cause of the condition, & what should be done next.

An 18 year old female patient complains of ongoing heavy periods, fatigue and palpitations. Her GP has ordered a full blood exam. She asks you to interpret it.

Patient Results |  Reference Range
Haemoglobin |  100.0 g/L |  (115-160)
Haematocrit |  0.318 |  (0.36-0.48)
Mean Cell Volume (MCV) |  79 fl |  80-100)
MCH |  31 pg |  (26.7-32.5)
MCHC|  27 g/dL |  (30.8-34.6)
Reticulocytes |  102 |  (50-100)
WBC |  4.9 |  (4.0-11.0)
Platelets |  180 |  (150-450)

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A 35-year-old female presents with a history of widespread muscle pain, low energy and a rash on the legs. Her GP suspects fibromyalgia and orders some tests:

ANA present in high titre

Antiphospholipid antibodies present

CRP 8

ESR 22

FBE: mild normochromic anemia with thrombocytopenia

Urine: mild proteinuria

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A 36 year old Torres Straight Islander comes to see you complaining of 3 months of fatigue, blurred vision and recurrent vaginal thrush. She has just moved from interstate after a divorce and has no regular GP. Her BMI is 30. BP 130/90. There is a family history of diabetes.

Write a brief letter of referral to a GP including your clinical concerns and requests for specific investigations.

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What is your advice and what tests should be performed?

A 24 year old female patient your opinion regarding how a person might get Chlamydia. She mentions her ex boyfriend had recently informed her by text message that he had had Chlamydia and that she should get tested. Ms X denies any symptoms and doesn't think she has got Chlamydia as she hasn't felt unwell and hasn't had any gynecological symptoms.

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Succinctly interpret the tests, comment on the likely cause of the condition, & what should be done next.

A 39-year-old woman presented with a painless swelling in her neck. The enlargement had been a gradual process over 2 years. She felt generally well.

Thyroid function tests:
T3 1.2nmol/l (NR 0.8-2.4)
T4 was 12nmol/l (NR 9-23)
TSH 6.3mU/l (NR 0.4-5mU/l).
AntiTPO 491 IU/ml (<35)
AntiTG 485 (<115)

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A 35-year-old Polynesian female arrives at your clinic with severe dyspnoea for the past 3 weeks. She is 30 weeks pregnant. She is unable to sleep supine at night. She developed a frothy hemoptysis and a coughing episode which would not subside. She has a history of Rheumatic fever as a child and has known to have a heart murmur. She was also dyspnooeic during her last pregnancy 5 years back but improved after delivery.

Why does she present with relapsing/remitting Congestive heart failure at 35 years of age? Comment on the likely cause of the condition, & what should be done next.

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Succinctly interpret the tests, comment on the likely cause of the condition, & what should be done next.

A 37 yr old who is 20 weeks pregnant presents with L lion pain, nausea and aches and pains over the body. She denies any lower UTI symptoms.

Examination:

Looks pale

Temperature: 39 deg C

RR 15

HR 110

SaO2 100%

Bp 100/60

Dry oral mucosa

Abdo: Gravid uterus consistent with dates

Soft, bowel sounds present, marked R sided loin tenderness to palpation

Generalised supra-pubic tenderness

Labs:

MSU: Leucocytes, Nitrites, Small blood

E coli >100 x107

FBC: elevated WCC

EUC: Creatinine normal & Urea slightly raised

Renal function test NAD

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A 29-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of increased sweating, palpitations and anxiety, with weight loss of 7kg.

Thyroid function tests:
T3 4.8nmol/l (NR 0.8-2.4)
T4 48nmol/l (NR 9-23)
TSH 0.4mU/l (NR 0.4-5_mU/l).
Anti TSH antibodies were detected.

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Interpret the tests, comment on the likely cause of the condition, & what should be done next.

Mrs Grey is a 93 year old woman who sees you for treatment of her back pain. She states that she has been having some pain when urinating and she has lost her appetite. She has also noted 4 months of increasing fatigue, itchy skin and complains of having to get up several times to urinate at night. Her past history is of osteoarthritis & 50 years of hypertension

Sodium: 139 mmol/L ( 135 - 145 )
Potassium: 4.7 mmol/L ( 3.5 - 5.5 )
Chloride: 103 mmol/L ( 95 - 110 )
Bicarbonate: 29 mmol/L ( 20 - 32 )
Urea: 8.8 mmol/L ( 4.0 - 10.0 )
Creatinine: 85 umol/L ( 45 - 100 )
eGFR 53 (> 90)

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An 80 yr old female complains of months of intermittent pains in her femurs, L loin and abdomen. She also has polydipsia, constipation, loss of height, and recurrent kidney stones. She is very upset. She is on 3 different blood pressure medications, but her BP is still 180/100.

PTH 85 (<65 pcg/mL)
Calcium 2.95 (2.13-2.65 mg/dL)
DEXA scan: T score < -2.5

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Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) - Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Treatment