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The French word for Philosopher. Philosophe's were social critics of the Enlightenment that created thoughts that usually challenged traditional beliefs.

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Mary and her sisters received no formal schooling but taught them selves. She became the strongest advocate for woman's education in the Enlightenment. She even ran a school for a short period of time. Her daughter went on to write Frankenstein.

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Rousseau was committed to individual freedom and in 1762 wrote "The Social Contract", a book that inspired many of the leaders of the French Revolution. He also inspired the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.

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Devoted his life to studying political liberty. In doing so, he believed that Britain had the most politically balanced government. His ideas about checks and balances and separation of power influenced the United States Constitution.

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Believed in the freedom of speech. He wrote 70+ books attacking the clergy, aristocrats, and the government. He was known for saying: "I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it.”

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The Enlightenment was a complete change in thinking mainly about human rights and freedom, woman's rights, art, literature, and questioning traditional thoughts.
Basically a period of reevaluation of the role of people, governments and rights.

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Enlightenment thinker. Locke completely disagreed with Hobbes. Locke believed that order would come from self ruling and freedom because people have the ability to make mistakes and then learn from them.

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Thomas Hobbes' idea written by Rousseau that people must sacrifice some freedom to a ruler in order to have simple protection and so that there would be order.

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Enlightenment thinker. Hobbes believed that in order for people to co-exist and survive, they need one supreme ruler that they serve. He claimed it would be a "symbiotic relationship" where the ruler is served by the people, and in return the people are given protection and food.

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The law that states every bit of matter attracts every other bit of matter in the universe and that the force of their pull is directly related to their masses.

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The Brilliant Mathematician and assistant to Brahe. He completed Brahe's calculations to prove the Geocentric theory wrong. He also found out that planets have a tilted orbital plane.

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The Greek astronomer and scientist that agreed with and expanded upon Aristotle's Geocentric theory.

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Copernicus is the astronomer that created the heliocentric theory. He had many people after him back up his theory such as Galileo, Brahe, and Kepler.

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A process created by Francis Bacon that helps scientists make an observation, question this or form a question, create a hypothesis and then make a prediction about this hypothesis, test your prediction, and then share your feedback.

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After college, Newton became certain that all matter is affected equally by the same forces. He concluded that these same forces exist in space. This is now known as Gravity. He also had his famous laws of motion. His first law: Every object in a state of uniform motion will remain in that state of motion unless an external force acts on it.
His second Law: Force equals mass times acceleration. His third law: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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Galileo was one of the most famous scientists/astronomers of all time. Using his own version of a telescope, he studied orbital planes,  stars, and planets. He wrote two books, one in 1610 saying the moon had a rough surface, the sun had black spots, and that Jupiter had 4 planets. In his second book (1632) he stated that he agreed with Copernicus about the Heliocentric Theory and was viewed as a threat to the Church. He was then placed under house arrest for the rest of his life.

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This theory is the correct theory and is the opposite of the Geocentric Theory. It was first introduced to the world of science when Nicolaus Copernicus presented the thought that the sun was the center of the universe. Kepler later discovered the planets had a tilted orbital plane. (I could not find a picture showing orbital plane)

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A complete change in thinking about the natural world and the willingness to question traditional beliefs.

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The Geocentric is the idea, created by Aristotle and supported by the church and Ptolemy, that all matter revolves around the Earth.