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-          From age of 6 months, infants being breastfed should have a supplement of vitamin A, C and D.

-          Infants should consume whole milk and full fat dairy products as a source of calcium for bones and teeth.

-          Vitamin A from kids fruit and vegetable purees ect, should be consumed for resisting infections and heathy skin + eyes.

-          Protein and iron for growth and development

-          Calcium rich foods from breast and formula milk. Some formulas are enriched with EFA (ARA and DHA for the babies brain and vision, Nucleotides for the babies immune system and Prebiotics and probiotics

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. Calcium and Vitamin D to achieve a high peak bone mass to avoid osteomalacia/osteoperosis later in adulthood.

. Adult Women require a greater amount of iron and folate to help avoid anaemia.

. 30g Fibre per day per person to improve bowel function and help prevent colon cancer etc.

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6-8 glasses of water each day
5 portions of fruit and vegetable each day
4-9 year olds need 19g of protein per day
Sugar (free sugar) 4-6 no more than 19g 7-10 no more than 24g
High amounts of calcium for bone and growth support
Two portions of fish per week, one of which should be oily
Children ages 4-6 (no more than 3g a day)
Children ages 7-10 ( no more than 5g a day)
Children ages 11 or above (no more than 6g a day)

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Dietary:
- don’t miss breakfast- starchy foods
- eat fruit and vegetables - 5-a-day
- iron-rich foods - especially girls
- healthier snack ideas
- 2L of water per day
- 1,300mg of calcium.
- protein for muscle development and elevated growth
- two portions of oily fish a week

Lifestyle:
- 60 minutes of physical activity per day
- brush teeth twice a day
- 8-10 hours sleep each night

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-Skipping breakfast
- Snacking on hi energy products
- Eating fast processed foods
-High sugar diets
- more diet trends ie; keto diet, vegetarian
- Social media trends from bloggers
- development in eating disorders ie; bulimia- causing mental health
- drinking protein shakes etc
- energy drink
- Alcohol
- Low intake of fruit and veg
- irregular meal times

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Pregnant women are advised to take folic acid supplements before conception and during pregnancy to lower the risk of neural tube defects in the fetus. (400mg)

Vitamin D supplements are recommended during pregnancy to allow optimal bone development of the unborn child and to help avoid rickets during childhood.

Iron rich foods such as meat, eggs and dark green vegetables to prevent iron deficiency

1000mg of calcium each day. A deficiency of calcium could cause the fetus to draw calcium from the mother's bones, which can put women at risk for osteoporosis later in life.

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• high energy nutrient dense foods

• protein and iron for growth and development e.g. beans, pulses, fish, eggs, meats

• avoid too many wholemeal foods as may be too filing before the child has taken in calories and nutrients they need.

• whole milk and full fat dairy - good source of calcium for bone development
Also a source of vit A which helps both resist infections and needed for healthy skin and eyes

• fruit - different types for different nutrients
Dried fruits given with meals rather than as a snack to prevent tooth decay

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Keto Diets- low carbohydrate, most have an idea to lose weight quickly but this often results in fatigue
Meat free diets (vegetarian/vegan)
Meal Kits- hello fresh/daily harvest/purple carrot/good kitchen ( helps with cooking but minimal effort required by the consumer as everything is weighed out already )
Convenient - on the go, ready meals for during work and after to avoid lengthy cooking times
Following certain diets such a low fat due to health concerns or allergies developed later in life such as gluten or lactose

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. Dehydration due to memory loss or high consumption of tea, coffee.

. High Salt Intake due to lack of taste buds. Also high salt intake due to intake of processed meats e.g. bacon and sausages most likely fried.

. Tannins in tea lead to decrease in iron levels and could lead to anaemia.

. Bile stones due to high sodium levels.

. Low Fibre intake lead constipation IBS or other bowel function issues and bowel and gut cancers.

. Calorie controlled foods.

.Tend to consume soft foodstuffs of lower nutritional value due to issues with mechanical digestion (dentures not fitting etc.)

. Higher intake of foods high in fat, salt and sugar (HFSS foods) as not much desire to eat healthily as benefits of this are viewed as limited.

. Not able to cook for themselves as much as possible reduction in fine motor skills due to arthritis, parkinson's disease etc. Leads to reliance on convenience meals if living alone.

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·       Kids TV programs influence range of food available i.e. minion smilies, paw patrol yogurts and Peppa pig cupcake baking kits

·       Social media pages which have parents making meals. Unrealistic standards

·       What friends take for lunch at school or at break time influences each other

·       Snack time encourages now fruit and cereal bars rather than previous years crisps and chocolate bars

·       Trends in reducing sugar within cereals i.e. sugar puffs

·       You tube influencers for kids and adverts which come up

·       Fast food advertisements and kids being good at technology. Availability of deliveroo and lack of parental guidance and controls over phones and how they spend time on them

·       Competition amongst parents for meal prep and lunches

·       Convenience meals and handy snacks for busy working parents or big families

·       Picky eaters in families – give anything to eat

·       Treats always available now compared to past years

·       Kids spoiled more and have tantrums over not getting their way

·       School meals can determine eating habits. If schools make a shepherd’s pie which children like they will likely prefer it to parents or opposite.