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A Zener diode is a silicon semiconductor device that permits current to flow in either a forward or reverse direction. The diode consists of a special, heavily doped p-n junction, designed to conduct in the reverse direction when a certain specified voltage is reached.

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Watt's Law states that: Power (in Watts) = Voltage (in Volts) x Current (in Amps) P = V I Combining with Ohm's law we get two other useful forms: P = V*V / R and P = I*I*R Power is a measurement of the amount of work that can be done with the circuit, such as turning a motor or lighiting a light bulb

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the SI unit of power, equivalent to one joule per second, corresponding to the power in an electric circuit in which the potential difference is one volt and the current one ampere.

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Volt-Ohm-Milli-Ammeter (VOM) Definition: The multimeter or volt-ohm-milli-ammeter (VOM) is the type of meter which performs the multiple functions. In other words, in VOM the multiple measuring functions are combined in a single unit. The multimeter is used for measuring voltage, current and resistance.

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A voltmeter is an instrument used for measuring electrical potential difference between two points in an electric circuit. Analog voltmeters move a pointer across a scale in proportion to the voltage of the circuit; digital voltmeters give a numerical display of voltage by use of an analog to digital converter.

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an electromotive force or potential difference expressed in volts.

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The volt is the derived unit for electric potential, electric potential difference, and electromotive force. It is named after the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta.

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A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider. If only two terminals are used, one end and the wiper, it acts as a variable resistor or rheostat.

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Valence shell is the outermost shell of every element. Atom of every element have different electronic configurations based on the atomic number of each element. Electronic configuration refers to the distribution of electrons in various shells/orbits/energy levels of every atom.

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solve serious problems for a company or other organization.

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a semiconductor device with three connections, capable of amplification in addition to rectification.

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The Static Switch makes a rapid switch from one source to the other in the event of a fault to the power supply used to power the load, or carry out test/maintenance. One of the two sources can be designated as the preferred power supply, to which the Static Switch will transfer the load.

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A breadboard is a construction base for prototyping of electronics. ... In the 1970s the solderless breadboard ( a.k.a. plugboard, a terminal array board) became available and nowadays the term "breadboard" is commonly used to refer to these. Because the solderless breadboard does not require soldering, it is reusable.

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a device converting solar radiation into electricity.

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A combination circuit is one that has a "combination" of series and parallel paths for the electricity to flow. Its properties are a combination of the two. In this example, the parallel section of the circuit is like a sub-circuit and actually is part of an over-all series circuit.

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An electrical network is an interconnection of electrical components or a model of such an interconnection, consisting of electrical elements. An electrical circuit is a network consisting of a closed loop, giving a return path for the current.

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a number of things, events, or people of a similar kind or related nature coming one after another.

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Semiconductor-based temperature sensors, or integrated circuit (IC) temperature sensors, operate with reverse bias, have a small capacitance and a low leakage current. They are formed on thin wafers of silicon. They are compact, produce linear outputs, and have a small range of temperature.

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A rechargeable battery, storage battery, or secondary cell, (or archaically accumulator) is a type of electrical battery which can be charged, discharged into a load, and recharged many times, as opposed to a disposable or primary battery, which is supplied fully charged and discarded after use.

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An electronic symbol is a pictogram used to represent various electrical and electronic devices or functions, such as wires, batteries, resistors, and transistors, in a schematic diagram of an electrical or electronic circuit.

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A schematic diagram is a picture that represents the components of a process, device, or other object using abstract, often standardized symbols and lines. Although schematic diagrams are commonly associated with electrical circuits, many examples can be found in other industries

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a device having a designed resistance to the passage of an electric current.

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the refusal to accept or comply with something; the attempt to prevent something by action or argument.

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a stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron, but of opposite sign.

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A primary cell is a battery (a galvanic cell) that is designed to be used once and discarded, and not recharged with electricity and reused like a secondary cell (rechargeable battery). In general, the electrochemical reaction occurring in the cell is not reversible, rendering the cell unrechargeable.

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Polarity in a Parallel Circuit. Just as in series circuits, electrical current flows “from negative to positive” through each of the load components in a parallel circuit.

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a device for viewing oscillations, as of electrical voltage or current, by a display on the screen of a cathode ray tube.

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a law stating that electric current is proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance.

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An ohmmeter is an electrical instrument that measures electrical resistance (the opposition offered by a substance to the flow of electric current)

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a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge, present in all atomic nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen.

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a machine, especially one powered by electricity or internal combustion, that supplies motive power for a vehicle or for some other device with moving parts.

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a device for giving light, either one consisting of an electric bulb together with its holder and shade or cover, or one burning gas or a liquid fuel and consisting of a wick or mantle and a glass shade.

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A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in the form of photons.

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an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

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An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece of semiconductor material that is normally silicon.

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a substance which does not readily allow the passage of heat or sound.

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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 

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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 

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The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers is a professional association for electronic engineering and electrical engineering with its corporate office in New York City and its operations center in Piscataway, New Jersey.

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An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated until it glows. The filament is enclosed in a bulb to protect the filament from oxidation. Current is supplied to the filament by terminals or wires embedded in the glass

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A hybrid car is one that uses more than one means of propulsion - that means combining a petrol or diesel engine with an electric motor. The main advantages of a hybrid are that it should consume less fuel and emit less CO2 than a comparable conventional petrol or diesel engined vehicle.

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a dynamo or similar machine for converting mechanical energy into electricity.

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Gas-discharge lamps are a family of artificial light sources that generate light by sending an electric discharge through an ionized gas, a plasma.

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A fluorescent lamp, or fluorescent tube, is a low-pressure mercury-vapor gas-discharge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light.

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a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.

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An electrode is a solid electric conductor that carries electric current into non-metallic solids, or liquids, or gases, or plasmas, or vacuums.

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Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge.

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Electrical engineering is one of the newer branches of engineering, and dates back to the late 19th century.

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Direct current (DC) is an electric current that is uni-directional, so the flow of charge is always in the same direction

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a semiconductor device with two terminals, typically allowing the flow of current in one direction only.

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Current is a mobile banking app and Visa debit card that offers online checking accounts with up to two days faster direct deposits and no hidden.

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the SI unit of electric charge, equal to the quantity of electricity conveyed in one second by a current of one ampere.

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A continuity tester is an item of electrical test equipment used to determine if an electrical path can be established between two points

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a person in charge of a train, streetcar, or other public conveyance, who collects fares and sells tickets.

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A compact fluorescent lamp, also called compact fluorescent light, energy-saving light and compact fluorescent tube, is a fluorescent lamp designed to replace an incandescent light bulb.

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A printed circuit board mechanically supports and electrically connects electrical or electronic components using conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from one or more sheet layers of copper laminated onto and/or between sheet layers of a non-conductive substrate

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Cell biology is a branch of biology that studies the structure and function of the cell, also known as the basic unit of life.

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A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field.

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a container consisting of one or more cells, in which chemical energy is converted into electricity and used as a source of power.

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An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that constitutes a chemical element.

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a measuring instrument used to measure the current in a circuit.

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a standardized wire gauge system for the diameters of round, solid, nonferrous, electrically conducting wire.

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Alternating current (AC) is an electric current which periodically reverses direction, in contrast to direct current (DC) which flows only in one direction.

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a federal agency under the Department of Defense (DoD) that primarily oversees dams, canals and flood protection in the United States, as well as a wide range of public works throughout the world.

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Truss bridge, bridge with its load-bearing structures composed of a series of wooden or metal triangles, known as trusses.

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a framework, typically consisting of rafters, posts, and struts, supporting a roof, bridge, or other structure.

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A total station (TS) or total station theodolite (TST) is an electronic/optical instrument used for surveying and building construction. It is an electronic transit.

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Simple in concept, a Robotic Total Station (RTS) is a Total Station that allows remote operation.

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the action of twisting or the state of being twisted, especially of one end of an object relative to the other.

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attach or fasten (someone or something) with string or similar cord.

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the state of being stretched tight.

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a bridge in which the weight of the deck is supported by vertical cables suspended from larger cables that run between towers and are anchored in abutments at each end.

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a rod or bar forming part of a framework and designed to resist compression.

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the arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements of something complex.

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The physical characteristics of fatty acid esters are closer to those of fossil diesel fuels than pure vegetable oils, but properties depend on the type of vegetable oil.

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Structural analysis is the process of breaking words down into their basic parts to determine word meaning.

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Static loading is a load that doesn't change over time.

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the branch of mechanics concerned with bodies at rest and forces in equilibrium.

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break off or cause to break off, owing to a structural strain.

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a road.

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Supported by Stone Columns and Aggregate Piers

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the technique, profession, art and science of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them.

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(of a moving ship or aircraft) twist or oscillate about a vertical axis.

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a turbine having a large vaned wheel rotated by the wind to generate electricity.

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push (something or someone) suddenly or violently in the specified direction.

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In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an object that has been intentionally placed into orbit.

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a flat piece hinged vertically near the stern of a boat or ship for steering.

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a set of things working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network.

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the action of driving or pushing forward.

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a type of fan that transmits power by converting rotational motion into thrust. A pressure difference is produced between the forward and rear surfaces of the airfoil-shaped blades, and a fluid (such as air or water) is accelerated by the pressure difference.

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the quality of a sound governed by the rate of vibrations producing it; the degree of highness or lowness of a tone.

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lift, raise, and hoist mean to move from a lower to a higher place or position.

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any internal-combustion engine employing a gas as the working fluid used to turn a turbine.

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up and down when flying or preparing to fly.

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a platform or compartment housed in a shaft for raising and lowering people or things to different floors or levels.

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to cause to move with slowness or difficulty dragged myself up the stairs dragging his feet.

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the angle between two intersecting planes.

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a higher velocity produces a lower pressure, so the low pressure over the upper surface of the aerofoil produces the lift.

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the science and technology of human space travel and exploration.

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the angle which an incident line or ray makes with a perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence.

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the angle between the chord of an airfoil and the direction of the surrounding undisturbed flow of gas or liquid.

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a hinged surface in the trailing edge of an airplane wing, used to control lateral balance.