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Harry Lloyd Hopkins was born in Sioux City, Iowa on 17 August, 1890 to David (Al) Hopkins and Anna Pickett.

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Harry Lloyd Hopkins was born in Sioux City, Iowa on 17 August, 1890 to David (Al) Hopkins and Anna Pickett.

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Harry's father was easygoing, gregarious and irreligious man who ran a store while his mother was a stern, straitlaced and devout Methodist (Hallilove, 1972). Harry inherited his father's easy manner and love of gambling and good living and his mother's sense of social responsibility and her fierce determination.

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Harry graduated from Grinnell College in 1912 as a socil worker.

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Harry graduated from Grinnell College in 1912 as a socil worker.

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He moved to New York City and began his career. Over two decades he worked in a number of charities that served the poor. According to Hallilove (1972), he displayed "sympathy, ambition, and phenomenal energy (p.186).In 1931, Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed him as executive director of the New York State Temporary Emergency Relief Administration.

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 When Roosevelt was elected president, Hopkins joined him as boss of the new Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA). 

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 When Roosevelt was elected president, Hopkins joined him as boss of the new Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA). 

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Hopkins headed up a series of federal relief and works agencies that employed millions: FERA (1933-1935), the Civil Works Administration (CWA) (1933-1934) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA)1935-1938. The President wanted action, and Hopkins was able to give it. In his first two hours on the job, he disbursed $5 million (Hallilove, 1972).

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The Civilian Works Administration was a short term program that was designed to get people back to work during the hard winter of 1933-34. It was unveiled on November 8, 1933 and by the time the program reached its peak 2 months later, 4,230,000 people were employed (Spartacus Educational, 2016).

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The Civilian Works Administration was a short term program that was designed to get people back to work during the hard winter of 1933-34. It was unveiled on November 8, 1933 and by the time the program reached its peak 2 months later, 4,230,000 people were employed (Spartacus Educational, 2016).

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During its 4 months of existence, built or improved some 500,000 miles of roads, 40,000 schools, over 3,500 playgrounds and athletic fields, and 1,000 airports. According to Spartacus Educational (2016) it has been estimated that the program pumped a billion dollars of purchasing power into the economy.

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Roosevelt did not like the idea of relief.

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Roosevelt did not like the idea of relief.

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In a speech to Congress in 1934 he described relief payments as  "a narcotic, a subtle destroyer of the human spirit... I am not willing that the vitality of our people be further sapped by the giving of cash, a market baskets, of a few hours of weekly work cutting grass, raking leaves or picking up papers in the public parks. The Federal Government must and shall quit this business of relief." (Spartacus Educational, 2016)

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When the CWA program ended, FERA took over the burden of relief. 

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When the CWA program ended, FERA took over the burden of relief. 

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The agency gave loans to states to implement relief programs.

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By the end of 1934, $3 billion had been distributed but the Depression continued and 20 million people were still on public assistance.

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By the end of 1934, $3 billion had been distributed but the Depression continued and 20 million people were still on public assistance.

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According to Hallilove (1972) Roosevelt's main priority was to get people working and off relief. He gave Hopkins the overall control of the WPA.

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The purpose of the WPA was to give wages to people who were on relief. By 1935, more than 3.5 million people were employed on WPA projects. These programs included the CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps), the NYA (National Youth Administration) and the PWA (Public Works Administration).

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The purpose of the WPA was to give wages to people who were on relief. By 1935, more than 3.5 million people were employed on WPA projects. These programs included the CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps), the NYA (National Youth Administration) and the PWA (Public Works Administration).

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These programs built countless infrastructure projects all over the country..

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Hopkins served as the 8th Secretary of Commerce. He also acted as Roosevelt's chief assistant during World War 2.

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Hopkins served as the 8th Secretary of Commerce. He also acted as Roosevelt's chief assistant during World War 2.

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He became Roosevelt's closest advisor and lived for a time at the White House (Hallilove, 1972). He was trusted and respected for his ability to get to the crux of an issue and for his ability to get things done. He did not pay attention to "bureaucratic orthodoxies" (Hallilove, 1972., p.107).

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Hallilove, M. (1972). Rendezvous with destiny: How Franklin D. Roosevelt and five extraordinary men took America into the war and into the world. New York, NY: Penguin Group
Leuchtenburg, W.E. (1963). Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal 1932-1940 New York, NY: Harper and Collins.

Spartacuseducational.com/USARhopkins.htm

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Harry Hopkins suffered years of poor health. He was diagnosed with cancer in 1937, and then as a result of the treatments, he then suffered from malnutrition. He died  in New York city in 1946. It was said of him "He had the purity of St.Francis of Assisi, and the sharp shrewdness of a race track tout" (Joseph E. Davis cited in Leuchtenburg, (1963), p. 136.)

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Harry Hopkins suffered years of poor health. He was diagnosed with cancer in 1937, and then as a result of the treatments, he then suffered from malnutrition. He died  in New York city in 1946. It was said of him "He had the purity of St.Francis of Assisi, and the sharp shrewdness of a race track tout" (Joseph E. Davis cited in Leuchtenburg, (1963), p. 136.)

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Hopkins did not fit the stereotype of the social worker of the time. 

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Hopkins did not fit the stereotype of the social worker of the time. 

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"For a social worker, he was an odd sort. He belonged to no church, had been divorced and analyzed, liked race horses and women, was given to profanity and wisecracking, and had little patience with moralists" (Leuchtenburg, 1963, p. 136). He did have a profound commitment to improving society and the lives of people.  In a speech in 1936 he said, "I believe the days of letting people live in misery, of being rock-bottom destitute, of children being hungry, of moralizing about rugged individualism in the light of modern facts - I believe those days are over in America. They have gone, and we are going forward in full belief that our economic system does not have to force people to live in miserable squalor in dirty houses, half fed, half clothed, and lacking decent medical care."