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Issues:

Following the death of a student at the hands of riot police in March 1988, angry demonstrations were made to protest police brutality (Sharp 245)

After the incident March 1988, Hundreds of students were killed, thousands more were arrested and expelled from school(Sharp 246)

In July, The Party Congress refused to accept General Ne Win's proposal of a referendum on democracy and named Sein Lwin (bad dude) new Party chairman. (Sharp 246)

Sein Lwin was the man widely responsible for the massacres in Rangoon. (Sharp 246)

Between August 8th-11th, more than 1,000 demonstrators were killed across the country. (Sharp 247)

Objectives:

What began as protests against police brutality, evolved into a nationwide campaign to bring down a 26 year old military dictatorship and restore democracy to the country.

Students demanded reinstatement of students expelled in March and the punishment of those responsible for the massacres of students. (Sharp 246)

Aug. 8th, hundreds of thousands gathered across the country demanding the resignation of the military regime and the installation of an interim gov. in order to prepare for multi party elections.

Sources:
Sharp, Gene. Waging Nonviolent Struggle: 20th Century Practice, and 21st Century Potential. Boston, MA: Extending Horizons Books, 2007.

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Opponent Group               (Ashley Martinez)

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Opponent Group               (Ashley Martinez)

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The government was a military dictatorship who wanted to silence those who spoke out against it.

University Students started protesting against the authoritarian regime. Consequently influencing a diverse group of civilians to join the cause, some of these individuals included military personnel, monks, and civil workers. (Sharp 250)

June 21, student march was brutally attacked by riot police, many died, government sanctioned a  ban on public gatherings and imposed a curfew. (Sharp 246)

Party Congress refused the idea for the national referendum on the issue of replacing one-party rule with a multi-party democracy.(Sharp 246)

September 10-11, 1988, Parliament called for general elections under a multiparty democratic system. (Sharp 248)

On September 24 1988, political opposition was born as the National League for Democracy registered as an official political party ( Sharp 248)

Sources
Sharp, Gene. Waging Nonviolent Struggle: 20th Century Practice, and 21st Century Potential. Boston, MA: Extending Horizons Books, 2007.

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Non-violent Struggle Group and wider grievance group

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Non-violent Struggle Group and wider grievance group

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(Noesha Rose)

-Students protested against the police and their actions of brutality.
-Nonviolent protest became
very violent.
-Many students killed by the police.
(lecture 12b)

..promote a nonviolent struggle, called, "political defiance", in Burma as main form of struggle needed to bring about democracy (Sharp 250).

- Buddhist monks joined other Burmese against military oppression (lecture 12b).

"Hundreds of protesters wereshot dead in the streets, most of them were students without any weapons" (Sharp 248).

"Very serious problems remain in developing and carrying out non-violent struggle strategy for liberation of Burma"
(Sharp 250).

Sources:
Sharp, Gene. Waging Nonviolent Struggle: 20th Century Practice, and 21st Century Potential. Boston, MA: Extending Horizons Books, 2007.

McGetchin, Doug. PowerPoint. PAX 3001 17f Peace 12b "Authoritarian Dictators SE Asia".

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General Situation          (Angelee Walker)

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General Situation          (Angelee Walker)

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Terrain and Geography

Burma/Myanmar.

Transportation

Peaceful demonstrators approached the city hall in Rangoon. (Sharp 146).

Communications

General Ne Win called for a national referendum on the issue of replacing one-party rule with a multi party democracy. (Sharp 246).

Sein Lwin responsible for student massacres in Rangoon as new party chairman. (Sharp 246).

Groups of Hinayana Buddhist monks called the Sangha joined other Burmese in demonstrating against dictatorship. (Sharp 247).

Air Force troopers joined marchers on September 9th (Sharp 247-248).

Climate and Weather

Burma- Summer to Fall

Political System and Governing
Regime

British Burma but gained independence in 1947 (Lecture 12b).

military dictatorship but had some democratic reforms after independence (Lecture 12b).

General Ne Win, ruler of Burma for three decades announced resignation as party chairman (Sharp 246).

Economic System

wanted change from military dictatorship to democracy

Judicial System

government banned public gatherings and imposed a curfew (Sharp 248).

DemoGraphics

Country wide civilians, monks, students.

Population Strata

China, across South Asia, all over country.

Control of Economic Resources and Life Support

military dictatorship

Status of Civil Services

"The Burmese democrats have as yet been unable to overcome political factionalism, prepare a grand strategy for ending the dictatorship, and create a movement strong enough to restore their long-lost democracy" (Sharp 250).

Sources

McGetchin, Douglas. "PAX3001F2017-12b.mp3." Lecture. Florida Atlantic University, 2017.

Sharp, Gene. Waging Nonviolent Struggle: 20th Century Practice, and 21st Century Potential. Boston, MA: Extending Horizons Books, 2007.

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Dependency of Opponent Group on Population Opinion

Burma was a communist government, they wanted to silence the students . (Sharp, 246)

The ruler of Burma agreed with the student demands, resigned, and told the remaining governmental figures to become a democracy. (Sharp, 246)

the governmental party instated the man who was responsible for massacring students to rule Burma. (Sharp, 246)

Dependency of the Protesting group on the government?

"After the Ne Win government fell, two new governments offered by the military could not survive..." (Sharp, 247)

"Under the threat of continued terror, most demonstrations ceased" (Sharp, 248)

Sources
Sharp, Gene. Waging Nonviolent Struggle: 20th Century Practice, and 21st Century Potential. Boston, MA: Extending Horizons Books, 2007.

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Third Parties                      (Kristen and Matt)

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Third Parties                      (Kristen and Matt)

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Monks
One of the most important third parties would be the Monks. They were influential with everyone in the country at the time, so the Monks getting involved was a huge gain of momentum for the students and civilians protesting and promoting peace.
A noticeable event was that there were some Monks injured or killed during protests, but not remotely close to the number of thousands killed otherwise. The military clearly made a point to not target them.
(Sharp 247)

Media
While not specifically listed in the text as a third party, the media clearly played a role in gaining numbers for the students protesting. Media is much more regulated there than in the United States, however word of protests spreading beyond the borders of the country helped gain support even today.
(Sharp 245-251)

Soldiers
Some soldiers became a very effective third party and were influentials by not listening to the commands to fire at the mass crowds.

Sources
Sharp, Gene. Waging Nonviolent Struggle: 20th Century Practice, and 21st Century Potential. Boston, MA: Extending Horizons Books, 2007