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In religion a lot of people were justifying slavery because of the fact that Ham was scorned to be a slave in the bible, and so were all his descendants. However Douglass says if that's the case slavery should be diminishing because a lot of slaves are mixed because masters have taken advantage of women slaves. So if their mixed their not exactly direct descendants of Ham.

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To use the pathos appeal on the audience he wanted to explain things in such a way that it hurts your feelings and you feel sad for the things they had to go through. For example he stressed his relationship to his mother to stress the fact that any white child would never have to experience being ripped away from their mom and being sold off. Causing you to feel sympathy towards everyone's situation.

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He "If the lineal descendants of Ham are alone to be scripturally enslaved,it is certain that slavery at the south must soon become
unscriptural; for thousands are ushered into the world, annually,
who, like myself, owe their existence to white fathers, and those fathers most frequently their own masters. " ( Douglass 4).

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Slaves only got " a monthly allowance of food and yearly clothing'" from the slave holders in Baltimore trade boat.

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~When he talks about his relationship with parents he says "My mother and I were separated when I was but an infant- before I knew her as a mother" stressing the fact that no one ever gets to be with their parents  ( Douglass 2).
~Also he explains the hardship of trying to have a relationship with her by saying "Never having enjoyed the , to any considerable extent,  her soothing presence, her tender and watchful care, I receive the tidings of her death with much the same emotions I should have probably felt at the death of a stranger" (Douglass 3).

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The appeal through logic so you have to reason your opinion with evidence of your own .

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The appeal to ethics which is basically explaining to someone why they should trust it and believe what has been written.

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Pathos is a an appeal to emotions  in order to get the audience to evoke  a certain emotion from what they are reading.