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When the Brexit result was announced on 24 th June 2016, there was a collective intake of breath around the country and across the whole of Europe. Despite the close polling, most people thought it would be a narrow win for remain. Throughout the campaign, much was made of the age divide with the vast majority of younger voters electing to stay in the EU.

So, after the final seismic result, what are the prospects for our youth and what does Brexit really mean for the millions of teenagers who are going to have to live with the consequences? In particular, what does it mean for their future education?

While it was initially thought that the turnout for the vote amongst 18-24 was fairly low at 36%, subsequent news reports revealed this was almost twice that, with 70% of young voters opting for remain (compared to 90% of older people who voted and who largely decided to leave). The opportunity for living and working abroad in places like France, Spain and Italy is no doubt a big benefit of the EU for both sides of the Channel. Young people have also grown up with the notion of being part of Europe compared to their older counterparts. What the future holds now depends on how the current Government handles the Brexit negotiations and what the EU give them.

Tales of the need for visas and restricted travelling opportunities and the effect on the social connection between the British and our EU counterparts are probably over exaggerated. Prior to the introduction of free movement of people, our young and old alike were able to travel, study and work in Europe without much hindrance. We also now live in a more globally connected world and with options such as social media that allow us all to reach out across boundaries there shouldn't be any reason our young will feel more or less European. With the growth in new technologies and ICO launches, a brand new era of careers is on the horizon as blockchain jobs become the fastest growing area of employment in 2017, where location means very little.

One area where there are worries, though, is how European students will interact across the EU and what happens to the funding that currently supports local educational needs.

Educational Impact of Brexit

Will our young be less likely to study in other European countries in a post-Brexit world? There's no doubt that these exchanges will continue to take place, after all we will still be part of Europe if not in with the exclusive membership deal we currently have. The question is whether there are going to be additional barriers that might demotivate students, for example, from undertaking an exchange year or studying abroad at all.

According to the Telegraph, there are currently 125,000 EU students studying here in the UK as well as some 43,000 members of staff who are working in universities from Brighton to Edinburgh. In the weeks after Brexit, the educational establishment has been keen to confirm that all these students and staff are protected with regards to their places and their funding. The same applies to the thousands of UK students studying over in Europe.

Those working in research and benefiting from Erasmus programmes feel particularly concerned at the moment and higher education is looking for a quick lead from the new Government to ensure that these areas are going to be safe. It's likely that education will be largely protected - it benefits both the UK and those in the EU to have access to research facilities and courses across the whole region. It is, however, yet to be set in concrete and we may have to wait at least two years from the triggering of Article 50 before we will really know the answer.

The Economic Impact of Brexit

UK universities benefit from an extra 15% of their funding from the EU at the moment and the serious concern for many is that this will disappear after Brexit. This could well be lost and then there will be an issue of how we cover the short fall so that universities don't suffer.

The ability of students to currently travel and study in Europe is helped by the Erasmus scheme and many academics also fear that this is going to be affected. The scheme provides funds to around 200,000 students and without it many may be more likely to stay at home and study rather than go abroad.

Under the current rules, students are able to study in an EU country as a 'home' student which means they don't have to pay the excess fees that overseas students from countries like China or India normally have to find. Students in the UK pay around £9,000 a year for their courses while an international student would have to pay between £15,000 and £25,000 a year. That's a big increase and will undoubtedly be one of the big factors in whether our young decide to go and study in Europe, if changes to fees are implemented following Brexit.

The smart money is on there being a reciprocal arrangement in place - it would make much more sense bearing in mind the number of EU students who also come to the UK to study. As with most things to do with Brexit, however, we are in unchartered territory and there's isn't complete certainty that everything will remain the same.

It's not just universities that have benefitted from EU funding and reciprocal relationships. Schools have received financing from the EU and this has proved vital in an area that is often chronically underfunded. Funding is also provided for young people who are unemployed or need valuable training opportunities, particularly from the European Social Fund (ESF). The government has already stated that these kinds of opportunity probably wouldn't be available for young people if the ESF wasn't there.

Of course, these are worrying times for young people and there are no real answers at the moment, particularly in the area of finance and the economic impact on students who are still at school and thinking about going to university. It will take a while to untangle the UK from the EU, potentially a lot longer than the two years stated after Article 50 is triggered.

A lot will depend on the negotiations between the EU and UK officials and whether there is a willingness to work together to largely maintain the status quo in areas such as education. The Government may, in the end, need to find the money to cover any losses that schools, higher education institutes and universities will suffer after a full Brexit has been achieved.

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What Brexit Means for Teenagers | A view for UK's young adults

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When the Brexit result was announced on 24 th June 2016, there was a collective intake of breath around the country and across the whole of Europe. Despite the close polling, most people thought it would be a narrow win for remain.

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EU-samarbejdet om uddannelse giver bl.a. studerende mulighed for at komme på udveksling i andre lande.

Samarbejdet om uddannelse på EU-niveau skal hjælpe EU-landene med at forbedre deres uddannelsessystemer, ved at landene måler sig med hinanden, udveksler erfaringer og lærer af hinanden. EU spiller kun en supplerende rolle som koordinator og rådgiver. Hvert EU-land har selv ansvaret for uddannelsespolitikken. Det betyder, at Danmark selv sammensætter uddannelsesforløb og selv beslutter indholdet af undervisningen i f.eks. folkeskolen.

EU's rolle er bl.a. at fremme:

Udvekslingsophold: gør det muligt for elever, lærere og studerende at tage en del af deres uddannelse, efteruddannelse eller praktikophold i et andet land. EU finansierer programmet ERASMUS+, som uddeler penge til formålet.

Tværgående samarbejde: styrker samarbejdet mellem skoler, gymnasier, universiteter og ungdomsorganisationer på tværs af grænser.

Reformrådgivning: rådgiver medlemsstaterne om at reformere uddannelsessystemerne, så de er bedre rustet til at håndtere fremtidens udfordringer.

Samarbejdet mellem EU-landene handler både om folkeskolen, ungdomsuddannelser, erhvervsuddannelser, videregående uddannelser og om livslang læring og uformel læring. Det kan være læring uden for det formelle undervisningsmiljø, f.eks. på sportspladsen og gennem frivilligt arbejde.

EU's statistikkontor, Eurostat, har lavet en app, hvor du kan sammenligne dig selv med andre unge europæere.

ERASMUS+

ERASMUS+ er et EU-finansieret program, der giver mulighed for at tage på udveksling i andre EU-lande.

ERASMUS+ giver bl.a. penge til:

udveksling af studerende, elever, lærere og frivillige,

samarbejde mellem uddannelsesinstitutioner og frivillige ungdomsorganisationer på tværs af grænser,

mulighed for at lærere kan arbejde på skoler i andre lande og dermed få nye erfaringer,

initiativer inden for sport, der bl.a. skal bekæmpe matchfixing (aftalt spil) og doping,

sprogkurser for folk, der skal på udveksling.

EU har afsat knap 110 mia. kr. til formålet i perioden 2014-2020 . Det betyder, at ca. 4 mio. europæere vil få mulighed for at studere eller komme i praktik i et andet land. ERASMUS+ giver også muligheder for udveksling i lande uden for Europa.

Udover de 28 EU-lande deltager disse lande også i ERASMUS+:

ERASMUS+ samler syv tidligere programmer inden for uddannelse, ungdom og sport.

Anerkendelse af kvalifikationer opnået i andre lande

Når studerende rejser ud for at tage en del af deres uddannelse i et andet land, er det vigtigt, at de eksaminer og erfaringer, de opnår i udlandet, også anerkendes hjemme. Derfor har EU udarbejdet nogle værktøjer:

Det europæiske meritoverførselssystem for erhvervsuddannelse (ECVET) skal gøre det lettere for folk at få godkendt og anerkendt deres arbejdsrelaterede færdigheder og viden opnået i forskellige lande, så de kan medregnes i deres faglige kvalifikationer.

Det europæiske meritoverførselssystem (ECTS) skal gøre det lettere for studerende på videregående uddannelser at få godkendt og anerkendt kvalifikationer opnået ved studieophold i andre lande. En række dokumenter hjælper med meritoverførsel og -akkumulering: kursuskataloger, læringsaftaler, eksamensudskrifter og tillæg til eksamensbeviset.

Europass består af fem dokumenter: CV, kvalifikationspas, mobilitetsbevis, sprogpas, Certificate Supplement og Diploma Supplement. Europass vigtigste opgaver er, at:

hjælpe borgerne med at formidle deres færdigheder og kvalifikationer på en effektiv måde,

hjælpe arbejdsgiverne med at forstå ansøgeres færdigheder og kvalifikationer,

hjælpe uddannelsesmyndigheder med at fastlægge og oplyse om indholdet af læseplaner.

EU har to overordnede mål på uddannelsesområdet:

Andelen af unge, der forlader skolen tidligt, skal reduceres til under 10 pct.

Andelen af de 30-34 årige, der har gennemført en videregående uddannelse, skal være mindst 40 pct.

Målene er fastlagt i EU's 10-årige vækststrategi, Europa 2020. Det er op til medlemsstaterne selv at beslutte, hvordan de vil opfylde målene. Målene er omsat til nationale mål og er ikke bindende for medlemsstaterne.

EU har også andre ikkebindende målsætninger for 2020:

Andelen af 15-årige med utilstrækkelige færdigheder i læsning, matematik og naturvidenskab skal være under 15 pct.

Mindst 20 pct. af de studerende på en videregående uddannelse skal på udveksling i udlandet.

Mindst 15 pct. af den voksne befolkning skal deltage i livslang læring.

Mindst 95 pct. af børn på 4-6 år skal deltage i førskoleundervisning.

Medlemsstaterne har ansvaret for uddannelsespolitik. EU spiller kun en supplerende rolle og hjælper medlemsstaterne med at sammenligne resultater og erfaringer. Denne samarbejdsform kaldes den åbne koordinationsmetode. Den betyder også, at der ikke vedtages ret meget EU-lovgivning på ungdoms- og uddannelsesområdet.

EU har ansvar for ERASMUS+-programmet. Desuden findes der to EU-agenturer, der beskæftiger sig med uddannelse:

Det Europæiske Center for Udvikling af Erhvervsuddannelse (CEDEFOP) er oprettet i 1975 med sæde i Thessaloniki i Grækenland. CEDEFOP udvikler akademiske og tekniske aktiviteter til støtte for den faglige uddannelse i EU.

Det Europæiske Erhvervsuddannelsesinstitut er oprettet i 1995 med sæde i Torino i Italien. Det hjælper EU's partnerlande og kandidatlande med at modernisere deres uddannelsessystemer, så borgerne kan få de kvalifikationer, færdigheder og andre kompetencer, de har brug for i dynamiske økonomier og samfund.

EU-landene deltager også i bredere internationale samarbejder på uddannelsesområdet.

PISA/OECD: I OECD-regi laver man PISA-undersøgelser (program for international undersøgelse af skoleelevers resultater). 34 OECD-lande og 31 partnerlande deltager i denne omfattende undersøgelse af 15-årige elever, der gennemføres hvert tredje år.

Bolognaprocessen er et samarbejde, som de europæiske undervisningsministre indledte i 1999. I dag deltager 47 lande i Bolognaprocessen, der handler om videregående uddannelser og erhvervsrettet grund- og voksenuddannelse. Målet med Bolognaprocessen er at udvikle Europa til et fælles område for videregående uddannelse, hvor studerende frit kan bevæge sig over grænserne. En anden målsætning er at gøre europæiske uddannelser attraktive for studerende fra andre verdensdele.

Københavnprocessen skal styrke det europæiske samarbejde inden for de erhvervsrettede grund- og efteruddannelser. Ligesom Bolognaprocessen er det et bredere samarbejde end kun EU-landene. Processen skal øge:

bevægelighed på tværs af grænser,

viden om hinandens uddannelser,

tværnational merit,

anerkendelse og samarbejde om kvalitetssikring.

Desuden er der samarbejde om uddannelse i regi af UNESCO, Norden og Europarådet.

1960'erne: EF-samarbejdet omfattede kun erhvervsfaglige uddannelser, som er nævnt i Romtraktaten, og der var få initiativer på området.

1975: Det Europæiske Center for Udvikling af Erhvervsuddannelse (CEDEFOP) oprettes.

1986: Programmet COMETT lanceres. Det handlede om samarbejde mellem universiteter og virksomheder om uddannelse på teknologiområdet.

1987: Det første ERASMUS-program lanceres og sender de første studerende på udveksling.

1989: Programmet LINGUA lanceres. Det handlede om at fremme kendskab til fremmedsprog.

Slut 1980'erne: EF's uddannelsesministre vedtager forskellige resolutioner om den europæiske dimension i undervisningen. Det vil sige, at eleverne skal lære om menneskerettigheder, demokrati, europæisk historie og kultur.

1993: Med Maastrichttraktaten får uddannelse et selvstændigt afsnit, der siger, at EU skal bidrage til et højt uddannelsesniveau ved at fremme samarbejdet mellem medlemslandene og supplere deres indsats. Den europæiske dimension i undervisningen skal udvikles, bl.a. via sprogundervisning. De studerendes og lærernes mobilitet skal fremmes ved øget anerkendelse af akademiske eksamensbeviser og studieperioder.

1995: Det Europæiske Erhvervsuddannelsesinstitut oprettes med sæde i Torino.

1992 og 1996: EU vedtager initiativer, der skal forbedre den gensidige information om de nationale uddannelses- og kvalifikationssystemer.

1994-95: Tre store femårige programmer vedtages: SOCRATES (mobilitet for studerende, herunder ERASMUS), Leonardo da Vinci (lettere adgang til erhvervsuddannelse) og Ungdom for Europa.

1997: EU opretter en europæisk volontørtjeneste med det formål at give unge europæere mulighed for at deltage i projekter i foreninger eller hos lokale myndigheder i EU eller i udviklingslandene.

2004: Europass-ordningen vedtages. Det er en videreudvikling af samarbejdet om gensidig anerkendelse af eksamensbeviser og andre diplomer.

2014: ERASMUS+ lanceres. Det samler en række tidligere programmer for mobilitet under et.

2015: Ministerrådet lancerer en ny arbejdsplan for ungdommens udvikling i årene 2016-2018. Arbejdsplanen søger bl.a. at fremme større deltagelse fra unge i det demokratiske liv i Europa. Derudover er der fokus på at skabe en nemmere overgang fra ungdomsliv til voksenliv, især i forbindelse med integration på arbejdsmarkedet.

Denne artikel dækker disse relaterede emner:

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EU-samarbejdet om uddannelse giver bl.a. studerende mulighed for at komme på udveksling i andre lande. Samarbejdet om uddannelse på EU-niveau skal hjælpe EU-landene med at forbedre deres uddannelsessystemer, ved at landene måler sig med hinanden, udveksler erfaringer og lærer af hinanden. EU spiller kun en supplerende rolle som koordinator og rådgiver.

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mindre arbejde

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Europæiske uddannelsessystemer har i moderne tid først og fremmest udviklet sig på baggrund af pædagogiske idéer, der tager udgangspunkt i oplysningstidens menneskesyn og i behovet for kvalificering af arbejdskraften. Desuden har statsmagten overalt forsøgt gennem skolens virksomhed at skabe loyale borgere.

Alle europæiske lande prioriterer i dag uddannelsessystemet højt ud fra både ideologiske og økonomiske begrundelser. I 1950'erne og 1960'erne øgedes de offentlige udgifter til uddannelse både i Øst- og Vesteuropa med mere end 10% om året, dvs. med mere end dobbelt så meget som væksten i bruttonationalproduktet. Mange lande forlængede den undervisningspligtige periode, og elevtallet i Europas grundskoler øgedes med 30% i samme tidsrum.

Der er indført skole- eller undervisningspligt i alle europæiske lande, selvom den ikke gennemføres fuldt ud overalt. I reglen omfatter den en 8-10-årig periode, i Storbritannien dog 11 år.

Udviklingen efter 2. Verdenskrig. Denne udvikling i de europæiske uddannelser kan karakteriseres ved ordene ekspansion, demokratisering og kvalitet. Ekspansionen faldt sammen med den økonomiske vækst i 1960'erne, mens kravet om demokratisering allerede blev rejst i årene umiddelbart efter 2. Verdenskrig; demokratiseringen satte dog først rigtig ind, da den økonomiske vækst nogle år senere skabte forudsætningerne for den. Sammenhængen mellem økonomisk vækst, ekspansion og demokratisering af uddannelserne var overalt i 1970'ernes Europa genstand for stor opmærksomhed fra politikeres, administratorers og forskeres side. Reformerne i den periode var derfor fortrinsvis strukturelle reformer, der sigtede mod at skabe uddannelsesmæssig enhed og sammenhæng.

Med den økonomiske afmatning og deraf følgende kraftigt stigende arbejdsløshed, der satte ind efter oliekrisen i midten af 1970'erne, blev opmærksomheden rettet mod en bedre resurseudnyttelse, der blev sat spørgsmålstegn ved uddannelsessystemernes opbygning og indhold, og der rejstes krav om politisk styring og kvalitetskontrol, ikke mindst under indflydelse af den amerikanske rapport A Nation at Risk (1983). Kvalitetskravet, der i Europa søgtes imødekommet gennem en stigende decentralisering af uddannelserne, fx hvad uddannelsesinstitutioners konkurrerende virksomhed angik, blev yderligere forstærket ved, at Europa inden for samme periode i stigende grad så sig inddraget i en økonomisk og teknologisk konkurrence med Asien og USA. Reformerne i den periode sigtede mere mod uddannelsernes indhold, normer og værdier end mod strukturen.

Mere uddannelse til flere. Ekspansionen i uddannelserne har gjort sig gældende på alle trin i de nationale uddannelsessystemer. Den åbne og obligatoriske grundskole har i hele perioden medført øget pres på de sekundære trin, dvs. ca. 11.-18. år. For kvindernes vedkommende har væksten i søgningen endda været større end for mænd, selvom der er stor forskel på, hvilke typer af uddannelser der vælges af hhv. kvinder og mænd, især inden for erhvervsuddannelserne.

Inden for de videregående uddannelser har ekspansionen givet sig udslag i en stærk vækst i antallet af universiteter og andre højere uddannelsesinstitutioner samt i nye institutionstyper som de såkaldte åbne universiteter. Samtidig har kravet om omstilling og fleksibilitet i den voksne del af befolkningen overalt i Europa øget interessen for voksenundervisningen, jf. et udtryk som life-long education, et begreb med oprindelse i den engelske uddannelsessituation i 1960'erne.

Internationalt samarbejde

Et vigtigt træk i efterkrigsudviklingen er etableringen af et internationalt samarbejde om uddannelser i UNESCOs, Europarådets og OECDs regi. Gennem de senere år er det dog samarbejdet inden for EU, der har været af størst betydning for medlemslandene. I henhold til Romtraktaten omfattede dette samarbejde oprindelig kun erhvervsuddannelserne, men det blev senere udvidet til også at omfatte de højere uddannelser. Fra slutningen af 1970'erne udvikledes en række udvekslingsprogrammer som fx ERASMUS, COMENIUS, LINGUA og TEMPUS. Og med artiklerne 126 og 127 i Maastrichttraktaten er det foreløbig mest vidtgående legale grundlag for et øget samarbejde på uddannelsesområdet blevet tilvejebragt, dog uden at der er tale om nogen form for harmonisering.

Læs mere om Europa.

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Europa - uddannelse | Gyldendal - Den Store Danske

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Europæiske uddannelsessystemer har i moderne tid først og fremmest udviklet sig på baggrund af pædagogiske idéer, der tager udgangspunkt i oplysningstidens menneskesyn og i behovet for kvalificering af arbejdskraften. Desuden har statsmagten overalt forsøgt gennem skolens virksomhed at skabe loyale borgere.

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EU-landene er ansvarlige for deres egne uddannelsessystemer, men EU hjælper dem med at fastsætte fælles mål og udveksle god praksis.

Det nye Erasmus+-program er skabt for at gøre noget ved ledigheden blandt de unge ved at øge deres kvalifikationer og beskæftigelsesmuligheder.

Muligheder for unge

EU's ungdomsstrategi støtter lige muligheder inden for uddannelse og beskæftigelse til unge og opfordrer dem til at spille en aktiv rolle i samfundet.

Erasmus+ - uddannelse erhvervsuddannelse, ungdom og idræt

Samlet budget - 14,7 milliarder euro (40 % mere end den foregående finansieringsperiode, som sluttede i 2013)

I alt får over 4 millioner mennesker (mest unge) hjælp til at studere, tage en erhvervsuddannelse, få erhvervserfaring eller lave frivilligt arbejde i udlandet

Programmet vil også hjælpe over 125 000 organisationer med at arbejde sammen med lignende organisationer om innovativ og moderne praksis for undervisning og ungdomsarbejde.

Europass - standard-CV

Europass er en række dokumenter, som hjælper folk med at præsentere deres færdigheder og kvalifikationer i et standardformat, der bruges i hele Europa. På den måde kan arbejdsgivere forstå kvalifikationer fra udlandet, og det bliver lettere for arbejdstagere at søge job i andre lande.

Kvalifikationer - sammenlignelighed og anerkendelse

Den europæiske referenceramme for kvalifikationer gør det lettere at sammenligne kvalifikationer fra forskellige lande ved at knytte eksamener og uddannelsesniveau til en fælles referenceramme. Den skal hjælpe europæerne med at studere og arbejde i udlandet.

Erhvervsuddannelse

Gennem Københavnsprocessen samarbejder de europæiske lande (herunder alle EU-landene), fagforeninger og arbejdsgivere om at forbedre erhvervsuddannelserne. Et af resultaterne er det europæiske meritsystem og netværk til kvalitetssikring, som hjælper folk med at arbejde og studere i udlandet.

Videregående uddannelse

Formålet med Bolognaprocessen og det europæiske område for videregående uddannelse er at gøre det lettere at bevæge sige mellem uddannelsessystemer i Europa ved at fremme gensidig anerkendelse af studieperioder samt sammenlignelige og ensartede kvalitetsstandarder.

Innovation og iværksætteri

Det Europæiske Institut for Innovation og Teknologi (EIT)

EIT's opgave er at gøre det muligt for for Europas bedste højere læreanstalter, forskningscentre og virksomheder at samarbejde om større samfundsmæssige udfordringer.

Forskning - Marie Skłodowska-Curie-programmet

Marie Skłodowska-Curie-programmet støtter karriereudvikling for og uddannelse af forskere inden for alle videnskabelige grene, især ved at hjælpe dem til at studere og arbejde i forskellige lande og sektorer.

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Uddannelse, erhvervsuddannelse og unge - Europæiske Union - European Commission

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EU's aktiviteter inden for uddannelse og unge omfatter politisk koordinering mellem EU-landene, finansiering af udvekslingsmuligheder i og uden for EU, fremme af gensidig anerkendelse af uddannelsesbeviser, internationalt samarbejde om erhvervsuddannelse, videregående uddannelse og viden og innovation og støtte til unge, der vil studere og arbejde i udlandet eller deltage aktivt i samfundet

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Brexit has forced the departure of the European Union Youth Orchestra from its UK headquarters to Italy, it has been announced.

The orchestra was established in London in 1976 but the British vote to leave meant it had to come up with a plan for a future outside the UK.

"It makes absolutely no sense for the office not to be in the EU," said the chief executive, Marshall Marcus. "You can't ask for EU funding and then not be in the EU."

The orchestra said on Wednesday it had accepted an offer from the Italian culture ministry to be based in Ferrara and Rome. Italy is the home of the orchestra's founding music director, the late Claudio Abbado, and the EUYO will have spring and autumn residencies at the Teatro Abbado in Ferrara from 2018.

The loss of the highly respected arts organisation was inevitable, but it will still be looked at with dismay by many in the arts world.

The orchestra's co-chairs, Sir John Tusa and Ian Stoutzker, said in a statement they were delighted with the agreement with the Italian government and the city of Ferrara. "This is a major endorsement of the achievements and potential of the EUYO as practical evidence of Europe in action," they said.

"This is a good day for musical and cultural cooperation in Europe. We are grateful to all parties for their vote of confidence in the European Union Youth Orchestra."

The orchestra has about 120 players every year, aged between 17 and 24, and this year has 13 from Britain. It appears unlikely that British players will be eligible in future years.

The orchestra said UK musicians were currently still eligible and no firm decision on future arrangements would be made until the outcome of negotiations between the EU and the UK.

The orchestra has existed for more than 40 years but had been threatened with closure in 2016 when the EU announced its attention to end funding.

That was seen by many as a bureaucratic decision and provoked a backlash. Three months later the European commission president, Jean-Claude Juncker, announced that the money would be found to continue funding the EUYO.

Marcus said the relocation would be a positive move, taking the orchestra forward into the next stage of its history.

Staying put was not an option. "June 23 was quite clear," he said. "The heart of your operation cannot stay in London."

Orchestras are particularly fearful of what Brexit might mean, given that so many have players from across Europe. What might the future be for British musicians in Europe? How easy will visas be? Will it be more expensive to transport instruments?

"There is a whole gamut of things for UK organisations, which means going out of the UK into the EU is going to become more complicated and more expensive," said Marcus. "The classical music industry operates with very slim margins. These things can be a bit of a killer."

He said Brexit would not stop the EUYO coming to the Proms or the Edinburgh international festival but there may be questions over other projects.

Marcus said the move signalled "a bold, imaginative and sustainable future for the EUYO".

The EUYO has about 3,000 alumni, many of whom are now conductors and players with some of the world's leading orchestras. It holds a rigorous audition process every year in all 28 member states of the EU.

The departure follows the relocation of the European Union Baroque Orchestra, from Oxfordshire to Antwerp, for similar reasons.

The EUYO has a reputation as an outstanding orchestra. A Guardian review of a concert in 2015 noted: "This was gripping, exhilaratingly good orchestral playing, surging with energy, laser-sharp focus and collective daring ... This year's EUYO has a technical prowess that is downright terrifying."

The EUYO also announced that the Italian broadcaster Rai would become its first official broadcast partner. It also plans to open an office in Brussels.

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EU youth orchestra to quit UK for Italy over Brexit

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Brexit has forced the departure of the European Union Youth Orchestra from its UK headquarters to Italy, it has been announced. The orchestra was established in London in 1976 but the British vote to leave meant it had to come up with a plan for a future outside the UK.

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Guest post by Sandra, news blogger for The Right Side of Truth.

When the people of Britain voted for Brexit in 2016, the world baited their breath. The monumental decision to leave the European Union was a shock to most, even those supporting the campaign to leave. Few expected the motion to pass, and the aftermath has seen uncertainty spread across the continent.

However, perhaps the most poignant fact within the Brexit debate is the narrow margin through which the referendum passed. Leave secured their victory by less than 4 percent the results revealed a society split down the middle. The aftershock brought even more uncertainty, as polls suggested that a subsequent vote would result in a remain majority.

While most fret over the future of the relationship between Europe and Britain, very few journalists examined the spread of the votes. A brief investigation suggests there's an interesting story to tell.
Brexit by Demographic
For a significant amount of time, social class was the frontrunner when it came to predicting values and voting habits. Traditionally, lower-income households would opt for left of center whereas high-earners were notoriously conservative. However, Brexit marked a change in this pattern that has since been reflected all across Europe in subsequent elections.

As of 2016, age became the most prominent dividing factor in political leanings. During Brexit, the 18-24 demographic saw a staggering 75 percent vote to stay. The next age bracket - 25-49 - also resulted in a remain majority, although the difference was a mere 8 percent. On investigating the other end of the charts, the result is entirely contrasting; only 39 percent of 65+ opted to stay in the EU.

This trend was not isolated to the Brexit decision. Subsequent elections across the continent saw a youth landslide for certain candidates and parties - as discussed in more detail below.

When considering the reason for this, it's clear that the differing experience of generations must instigate the contrasting opinions. So why exactly is it so much more important for young people that their country stays part of an international union? The answer may symbolize a complete change in our political future.

Decline in Patriotism
British patriotism is a touchy subject to discuss. As much of the country's symbolism has been hijacked by far right groups such as the ELD and National Front, it's very rare you'll see the cross of St. George or Union Jack flying from windows in houses. While the 2012 Olympics galvanized the country and inspired a short-lived spike in patriotism, the younger generation seems less than keen to celebrate their heritage.

This observation is reiterated by a recent YouGov survey, which revealed that passionate patriotism was only evident in 15 percent of young people. When comparing this to the 49 percent of 65+ who identified themselves as 'very patriotic,' it's clear that strong pride in the home state is taking a serious dive.

From this poll alone, the Brexit vote already begins to make more sense. The youth of Britain have no interest in living on an isolated island. This generation is setting their sights much further than their own borders - and the explanation for this is not hard to establish.
A Global Generation
The 18-24 years olds of today are living in a different world than that of their ancestors. They are afforded instant access to global events; they buy products from across the world and connect with people from different countries every day. In their lifetime, television, the internet, and globalization are all unquestioned concepts, as young people have been familiar with them all since birth.

A recent 2017 study by economic think tank Bruegel also expressed this idea. Exploring whether European citizens see globalization as an opportunity or hindrance for growth, the figures revealed a trend in the ideas of young people. Nearly 80 percent heartily support global consumerism.

It is on this platform of ideology that the youth of Britain voted so wholeheartedly against Brexit. In a world where physical borders are no longer a mark of restriction, what benefit is there in shutting ourselves off from the rest of the continent? But does this mass-move away from nationalism mark a continual change, or are we merely seeing an insignificant blip caused by current events? While a small percentage of young adults seem to share their predecessor's dream of re-establishing a Britain of its former imperial glory, most hold an opposing view to their patriot elders.
The Internet Effect
The online revolution took less than three decades to become a global phenomenon. The World Wide Web was only invented in 1989, but many teenagers and young adults of today have never experienced life without it. Unsurprisingly, the effect it has had on mindset and values is significant.

On average, 16-24-year-olds are online for 27 hours per week - almost equivalent to a full-time job. Their online influences come from across the globe, with sites like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube acting as a social platform for international users. These platforms provide alternative news articles, grassroots campaigns and eye-witness accounts. They allow young people to form views outside that of the mainstream media narrative. Some studies even showed that social media influence tended to have a left-of-center slant, offering another explanation for the strong unified ideals of most of Europe's youth.

Many online companies have already adapted to this global forum. Netflix, for example, offers a worldwide catalog with foreign language films and subtitled TV shows. Another testimony to the borderless internet is the increase in the use of Virtual Private Networks. More young people are investing in proxy services to wipe out any geo-restrictions to their content completely.
The statement here is clear: the youth have been born into a world where they are globally connected in an instant; universal technology has paved the way for universal political values. Most young people are more familiar with existing in a worldwide community than being isolated within their own borders.

The Age of Change

Brexit is not the only European vote that has signaled this stark divide in the views of young and old. Increasingly, young people in Europe are demanding politics that prioritize equality - for nationals and non-nationals. Just one year after the Brexit vote, the snap UK election saw a surge in support for socialist, Jeremy Corbyn. Despite claims of being a terrorist sympathizer, he received 60 percent of the youth vote.

A similar result occurred for Macron in France. Although Communist candidate, Jean-Luc Melenchon, seemed a youth favorite from early on, the young people of France banded together against the far-right nationalism of Marine Le Pen. Macron won with 56 percent of the 18-24 vote. Similarly, Austrian Eurosceptic Norbert Hofer lost against the green party's Alexander Van Bellen. Even after the 2012 financial collapse in Greece, it was the support of young people that solidified the rise of SYRIZA against the conservative New Democracy Party.

In Spain, the divide is even more bitter; as youth unemployment rises to 45.3 percent, the 65-and-over demographic ensured a repeat victory for the progressively stagnant Partido Popular. While the youth vote was loud in their support of leftist-coalition, Unidos Podemos, Spain's aging population tipped the scales against them.

It's evident that politics in Europe is facing a turbulent time, but the voice of its young people is clear. The age divide in values, so perfectly exemplified by the Brexit vote, acts as a poignant prediction for the future. As the internet generation continues to age and grow, it's undeniable that their influence will ignite real change across the continent. Whether this change will be sustainable is the question we need to consider next.
About the Author: Sandra is an alternative news blogger for The Right Side of Truth. Based in the US, her family is originally from England. She spends her time between the two continents, dedicated to finding and highlighting events often ignored by mainstream media. Brought up in a political household, she aims to ignite the same passion for truth in the next generation.

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What the Brexit Youth Vote Says About Our Political Future

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Guest post by Sandra, news blogger for The Right Side of Truth. When the people of Britain voted for Brexit in 2016, the world baited their breath. The monumental decision to leave the European Union was a shock to most, even those supporting the campaign to leave.

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Older Brexit voters with views "coloured by nostalgia from an imperial past" have "shafted" the young, Sir Vince Cable has said.

The Lib Dem leader has lashed out at hardline Brexit "martyrs" who view economic pain as a price worth paying to break away from Brussels.

Writing in the Mail on Sunday, he accused them of "masochism" and claimed older voters had imposed their will on a younger generation more comfortable with the European Union.

Sir Vince's strongly worded attack came after a YouGov poll suggested 61 per cent of Leave voters would consider significant damage to the British economy to be a price worth paying for leaving the EU.

He wrote: "To describe such masochism as 'martyrdom' is dangerous. We haven't yet heard about 'Brexit jihadis' but there is an undercurrent of violence in the language which is troubling."

Sir Vince, 74, added that the "self-declared martyrs" appeared to be "predominantly elderly".

"The martyrdom of the old comes cheap, since few have jobs to lose," he said.

The housing market, pensions and government policies - including some which were brought in while he was in the Cabinet - had contributed to a "growing rift" between the generations.

"The old have comprehensively shafted the young. And the old have had the last word about Brexit, imposing a world view coloured by nostalgia for an imperial past on a younger generation much more comfortable with modern Europe," he said.

Meanwhile, Whitehall sources sought to play down speculation that Theresa May would be prepared to pay a Brexit bill of £36bn, as part of a deal to strike a free trade agreement with Brussels.

The so-called "divorce" bill has been one of the main stumbling blocks in Brexit negotiations between the Government and Brussels.

The Sunday Telegraph reported that the Government will only agree to pay the sum if the EU treats it as part of a deal on future relations - including the comprehensive trade agreement sought by the Prime Minister.

The EU's stance is that trade talks cannot begin until significant progress has been made on the financial settlement, citizens' rights and Northern Ireland.

The newspaper quoted a senior Whitehall source saying the EU's position is that the fee should be €60bn (£54bn), but the "actual bottom line" was €50bm (£45bn).

The UK's position was quoted as €30bn (£27bn) and "the landing zone is €40bn (£36bn), even if the public and politicians are not all there yet".

A senior Government source told the Press Association "no such figure has been agreed" while another Whitehall source said it was "speculation".

Officials at the Brexit department would not comment on the report but referred to David Davis 's acknowledgement that the Government would work with Brussels "to determine a fair settlement of the UK's rights and obligations".
Additional reporting by Press Association
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Older generation has 'shafted' Britain's youth over Brexit, says Vince Cable

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Older Brexit voters with views "coloured by nostalgia from an imperial past" have "shafted" the young, Sir Vince Cable has said. The Lib Dem leader has lashed out at hardline Brexit "martyrs" who view economic pain as a price worth paying to break away from Brussels.

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Hvorfor stemte de unge for at blive?

Hvad er Brexit, og hvordan stemte de unge?

Hvilken effekt vil det nu have for de unge?

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http://www.ctvnews.ca/world/brexit-by-the-numbers-who-voted-to-leave-the-eu-1.2960810

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Who voted to remain, and why?

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According to polling data from YouGov, 75% of 18- to 24-year-olds voted to remain in the European Union. On Friday, the UK voted to leave, with 52% of the overall vote.

How does it feel to be one of that 75%?

When we tweeted a callout asking young readers for their responses, rather than the 20 or so we expected, we received more than 200 emails in half an hour. While a handful said they were pleased with the outcome, reading through them a picture develops of a generation angry about the direction the UK has taken.

This reaction was not limited to young people of voting age - we received responses from 16- and 17-year-olds who did not have the chance to have their say in this momentous decision.

Here's a selection of their responses:

I couldn't vote in what is probably the most important political decision the British people have made

I am 17 years old, I am a student and currently study politics. Last night a decision was made which will have a direct impact on my future. The decision to leave the EU was made without my voice being heard. I couldn't vote in what is probably the most important political decision the British people have made, an irreversible decision. I have followed these campaigns, I am capable of making an informed and rational choice - the fact that I wasn't able to, that many other informed and passionate 16/17-year-olds were not able to, seems to me incredibly undemocratic.

My future is completely changed; I will not have the benefits my parents and their generation have had, such as freedom of movement between all EU countries. Mostly I am outraged that this decision, which reflects on the British people, has been made without my consent. The future already looks less bright for us and it is a future I did not have a say in shaping.

Erin Minogue, 17

Today I am proud to be exceptionally indecent

Waking up this morning, it is heartbreaking to see my news feed is full of thoroughly dejected people. Most of these are young, intelligent and passionate, individuals who were determined to support integration, tolerance and compassion. Yet, our futures have been governed by the votes of narrow-minded older generations who now will sit back and see our bright futures dimmed. I am embarrassed and disappointed that our country has been manipulated by the xenophobic, racist and above all incorrect facts that have been spread. Nigel Farage stated that leaving the EU is a victory for the ordinary, decent people - today I am proud to be exceptionally indecent.

Lucinda Jones, 20, West Sussex

I've always felt unwanted, uncomfortable, underrepresented. This result confirms my fears

My first response was panic. I'm a recent graduate, already facing financial instability, uncertainty in the job market, trying to work out my future. A leave result means more anxiety for me, more instability to navigate and try to understand.

I'm also a woman of colour. From a young age, I've been aware of racist and nationalist attitudes in Britain, spread around the country outside of my home and haven of London. I've spent years watching people argue to dismantle the systems that allowed my mother and closest friends into the country to work, to lead better, productive lives. I've seen people screaming that my immigrant family (biological and chosen) are worthless, that they contribute nothing. And I've always felt unwanted, uncomfortable, underrepresented.

This result confirms my fears. That my families aren't seen as people, as human. They're numbers, they're a swarm, a threat. They're not welcome here, and as a product of immigration, neither am I. With this result, England clings on to its colonial history, and I'm ashamed.

Zainabb Hull, 23, London

I cannot envision how Brexit is going to bring working-class unity

Living in Northern Ireland, I am concerned the effects a leave vote has on political stability here with votes having been cast upon traditional party lines - green and orange politics prevailing. The DUP supported Brexit while Sinn Féin were for remain. The latter have already called for a poll on Northern Ireland's status within the UK, which will only serve to further complicate relations between Unionists and Nationalists. Nevertheless, what happens with the north/south border is a valid concern as bureaucratic measures will affect free movement and trade. We in Northern Ireland are, under the Good Friday Agreement, entitled to Irish citizenship and by extension, EU citizenship, but whether this claim to citizenship will now be dependent upon acquisition of an Irish passport is yet to be seen.

My main concern is what impact the leave verdict has upon jobs with so much employment, especially in the charity sector, dependent upon EU funding. Leave creates job uncertainty and is a huge snub to the immigrants living, studying, and working here. I cannot envision how Brexit is going to bring working-class unity. Instead, I imagine that it will result in reactionary policies that are only going to bring more social segregation and economic deprivation.

Eileen, 24, Belfast

I feel I've been let down by an older generation

I'm 17 but turn 18 in four days. This morning I've woken up to feel completely betrayed by my own country.

One thing that upsets me most is that this decision has been made by people who will not have to live with the consequences for as long as us. Young people voted to remain and older people voted to leave. I feel that I have been let down by an older generation who won't be affected by the volatility of this decisions.

Abi Kirkby, 17

I want to make sure that my first vote, my first taste of democracy, leads to something positive

Yesterday was my first vote: I voted to remain in the EU. I felt strongly that the EU was something which we needed to be. For me it wasn't about politics. It was not about whether we're Labour or Conservative, or right or left, it was about what we stand for. As a nation, could we really stand for abandoning an organisation which, although admittedly flawed, brings together so many nations in a common purpose? I hoped not. For me a vote for Europe was a vote for humanity and a vote for possibility and therefore this morning my first reaction was one of devastation.

After far too many tears and a lot of anger directed towards the older generations and the politicians who failed to make this referendum moral and true, I want to make sure that my first vote, my first taste of democracy, leads to something positive. My first vote is going to lead to even stronger political engagement. It's so important that despite this result we pull together to show the world that we are not hostile or prejudiced towards them.

We have to be open to the future, and work to create a positive future. We are the future and although today our country has chosen to disregard our opinions, from now on we have to work even harder to make our voices heard. Today is the start of a new future, of a different future. Let's not decide that everything is doomed. Instead, let's work for a positive and accepting future of possibility, rather than the hostility that has been shown today.

I know that the result of this referendum could have a huge impact on my future. I'm hoping to study German at university, but I also recognise that we can't be too negative about today. Nothing can come from deciding that everything is damned, we've got to rise from the ashes and show the world our capability for love and good.

Laura Peacock, 18, South Wales

I'm disgusted and terrified

I'm disgusted. Utterly and completely disgusted with my country and what they have done to my future. I'm 16 years old and therefore didn't vote on this matter, which incidentally I'm also absolutely furious about. The fact that people who are going to be gone in the next 10 years were allowed to vote on something that my peers and I have to live with for the rest of our lives is completely and utterly unacceptable.

I'm disgusted with the way the campaigns have been carried out and the fear-mongering that has taken place. I'm disgusted that this country are so fearful of immigration and the outside world they would cut themselves off entirely from any connections we may previously have had.

But most of all, I'm scared. I'm terrified. I'm terrified for my future, and what that may bring. I'm terrified that we live in a country of racists and bigots and that young people will have to live with their mistakes. I'm terrified that we are governed by a group of disgusting, rightwing, racist trolls who couldn't care less about what young people have to say. I'm terrified that this is the country I live in, and this is the choice that they have made.

Madeline Gomes, 16,

I feel scared for the future of the economy and the future of our country

I can't yet vote, and am completely furious with the result. Sixty-four per cent of my town's votes were counted for leave, and I don't think I have ever been so disappointed. Almost everything that made Britain great came from being a part of the structure of the EU, and I feel as if casual racism and colloquial xenophobic reactions to immigrants have blinded so many people to the extent in which they would rather rid immigrants than anything else ...there were so many benefits of being in the EU that people took for granted, and by the time they notice it'll already be too late. I feel scared for the future of the economy and the future of our country too. I am not feeling proud to be British, and I think that the majority of my demographic feel similarly.

Jack Webb, 17, Corby

I can't imagine staying here where my work is not valued

Today I'm disappointed and sad. I'm scared for my generation's future and generations to come.

Scientists receive so little funding from the UK we are very dependent on EU sources and collaboration. I won't be surprised if over the coming years the UK's output of original research falls because people, both European and British, choose to move and work elsewhere. I will likely be one of these people when I finish my PhD, I can't imagine staying here where my work is not valued and every day is a fight to stay funded.

I'm also sad that people have managed to be persuaded by the at times less than savoury leave campaign. 'X' amount of money won't be diverted back in to the NHS. We've seen enough money-based promises that the government fails to go through with to know that. It is going to be very costly to maintain a decent position within finance and trade with the rest of the world. Also, immigrants are just as responsible for this country's successe. They have given so much and continue to do so. Mainly, as citizens of the world, how can we turn away from people who are just looking for a better life and block ourselves off from the outside world?

Kirsten Dutton, 25, Newcastle

I have lived in this country all my life and for the first time feel very ashamed to be British

I am a 24-year-old British-Asian woman from London. I voted remain. I am so deeply saddened by the results I watched come in through the night. It seems I've been experiencing the run-up to the election in some sort of bubble on my Facebook page, where it is filled by the people who have similar political leanings. This is what makes it even more shocking.

In the past three weeks I have experienced harassment (physical and verbal) on public transport. Two out of the three have included racial slurs. It is hard to disassociate that from the rhetoric of the leave campaign, which seems to have given a voice to "moderate" racists and xenophobes. It can't be a coincidence that several of my friends have experienced a similar thing.

I have lived in this country all my life and for the first time feel very ashamed to be British. I am angry that the older generation have selfishly voted for a future that I will have to live with. Young people did not vote for this. I am angry that I have to wake up to Nigel Farage's smug face claiming that the NHS figures that have been touted were a lie. I am angry that my European friends, as well as my non-white British friends and family members have woken up to a less safe, more divided country.

Alexandra D'sa, 24, London

My future, and my friends' futures, have been taken away from us

Today, I am disgusted to be British ... I resent what I thought was a minority in this country, ignorant people, but it seems fear tactics from the likes of Farage and Johnson have convinced people to ruin a future that doesn't belong to them.

As a teenager living in London, my future, and my friends' future, has been taken away from us and tossed into disarray by people who are completely alien from the things they are scared of.

Immigration was never the problem, money was never going to go into the NHS, and we're less "free" than we ever were with the financial and political crash that is happening. And all we can do as the progressive and inclusive youth of Britain is watch our elders destroy what little we had to build on.

Seeing idiots like Farage call for "independence day" as the pound plummets makes me think that we were in a better place before we let bigots decide our future.

I don't know what to do, I sit here in awe of the place I am no longer proud to live in, surrounded by people I am no longer proud to be associated with. Fear has changed this country forever. I hope whoever voted leave is happy with the turmoil they've sent us into.

Matthew Healing, 18, London

Maybe this vote was too big for this country to handle

I feel so let down by the people who could vote and decided to put their own personal hatred before others. Maybe this vote was too big for this country to handle. Throughout this all I supported remain and feel upset and angry over this result. Everyone my age will be left to deal with the consequences of this and I couldn't even have a say in it.

Evidence is showing the impact already over this, with the fall in the pound and I fear the worst is yet to come. I fail to understand why people aged 60 and above feel aggrieved by the apparent threats immigrants cause like lack of jobs and homes when they are already living comfortably with their pensions and houses when it's young people who would be impacted by this, although I don't personally feel like we are, yet people my age have no say.

Heather Dowding, 17, Woking

I plan to claim German nationality

I'm a 20-year-old student in Scotland. Although originally from London I've lived most of my life in France, where my parents moved when I was young. I consider myself European rather than British or English or Scottish.

I strongly supported the Better Together side in the Scottish independence referendum, but today I would rather live in an independent, but European Scotland, than a UK broken off from Europe.

In the immediate few weeks, I intend to make good on my pledge to myself to claim German nationality to retain European citizenship, as I am eligible for it as a descendant of refugees of Nazism to Britain. I'm shocked that my grandparents, refugees themselves, voted leave to curb immigration.

Ben Bernheim, 20, Scotland

My future was left in the hands of people I've never met

I have never felt less British. For those who voted out due to immigration, maybe they forgot who treats them when they are ill, or teaches their children, or keeps their area clean, they are ignorant to how much many immigrants contribute to our society.

I am incredibly scared about the prospect of my future. Who knows if my parents will be able to afford for me to go to university? The imminent fall of the pound suggests further economic downfall, my future was left in the hands of people who I've never met, whilst the 16- and 17-year-olds of the country, on the edge of our future, were not allowed to vote and now have been left isolated on our tiny island.

Just like all my friends now, I am close to tears, the prospect of such a severe unknown is so unnerving and I feel like we've already begun to fall apart.

I think we're all acutely aware that had 16-year-olds been allowed to vote, it would have been a different outcome. Please pray for our futures.

Annie, 16

And two young people who voted to leave:

We have to stand up, shout and protest for a general election

I'm a 23-year-old nursing student. We have a chance to take this country in a progressive direction. Leaving the EU does not mean we have to become a rightwing reactionary country. British values are what the people want them to be. I think that all Brits will unite against the racist rhetoric that has dominated this referendum. I think they will deny Boris, Farage or even Osborne the chance to become prime minister as they know they can't be trusted to lead a post-Brexit Britain. We have to stand up, shout and protest for a general election. If this is a new era for Britain, the British public should have the chance to decide what direction we take.

Anthony Johnson, 23, London

I understand that our country will experience a tough period

I decided to vote leave at the last minute, I had been vote remain for the entire campaign but I couldn't stand the idea of waking up tomorrow with nothing being done about the EU's lack of democracy and lack of accountability. I am very restrained and humble right now and I understand that our country will experience a tough period but I'm hopeful for the future and my prospects as a young person.

Craig Dillon, 22, London
Topics

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Meet the 75%: the young people who voted to remain in the EU

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According to polling data from YouGov, 75% of 18- to 24-year-olds voted to remain in the European Union. On Friday, the UK voted to leave, with 52% of the overall vote. How does it feel to be one of that 75%?

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The statistics we made in an earlier lesson.
/Click on the photo to see it properly/