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“Literacy test: refers to state government practices of administering tests to prospective voters purportedly to test their literacy in order to vote- literacy would be lower because of segregation of schools and lack of education
- Poll taxes: a tax levied on every adult, without reference to income or resources, as a required qualification to voting- could not afford to pay to vote”. Source - Quizlet notes

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Black women were still not able to vote.
Jim crow laws prohibited many blacks to vote

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Because of the discrimination of African Americans to vote, there were other non-voting ways to demonstrate their voices and opinions. They demonstrated their opinions in demonstrations, boycotts and other protests because of the discrimination.

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Protesting is a big form of participation, becuase many people start to figure out how many large numbers of people who want changes with voting.

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3b. Due to descrimination at voting booths, african american citizens turned to:
-Segregated polls/voting
-protesting or boycotting
as alternative forms of political participation

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Activism was effective because it united all of the blacks and worked with the cooperative whites to demand civil rights and fight the injustices, socially in there lives and in the political sphere.

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Peaceful protests were a form of participation in which a large amount of people grouped to push their cause. These were effective because they did not cause any harm to others so they could not be seen as really threatening. Also as a huge amount of people across the nation, they were very hard to ignore.

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The abolishment of The poll tax and the grandfather clause changed the turn out of African Americans and increased the number of voters.

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The Black Panthers were a group of African Americans who wanted to change discrimination. Also marches like the one in Birmingham were held to protest unfair voting laws.

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JIM CROW LAWS - African-Americans effectively couldn’t vote
VOTING RIGHTS ACT - ended barriers of voting for African-Americans, increased African-American voter turnout in result

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Things like, Martin Luther King’s March helped African Americans realize that they have a say and should be able to do what whites do, such as vote and be a part of society. The black panther march also was a group of African American elites that wanted to push and end racial discrimination which in the end increased voter turn out.

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Protests pushed state and National governments to pass legislation that promoted equal rights.
Joining organizations like the NAACP helped blacks unify for their cause and gave them a bigger voice and a common platform to fight for.

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-literacy test
-jim crow laws
-grandfather clause
-white primary
All decreased the number of votes because it made it harder for one to vote