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a Supreme Court case in 1977 where the Court prohibited from  marching, walking or parading in the clothes/uniforms of the National Socialist Party of America or wearing the swastika. It also prohibited the distribution of pamphlets displaying materials inciting/promoting hatred against Jewish people, Jewish faith and Jewish ancestry. The Court decided that wearing the swastika was constitutional but their free speech was protected by first amendment.

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false speech that damages a person's good name, character or reputation; is not protected by the 1st amendment

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slander is false speech intended to damage a person's reputation; libel is false written or published statements intended to damage a person's reputation; forms of defamatory speech

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grants citizenship to all people(including former slaves) born in the US; banned states from denying any persons life, liberty or property with out due process of law; banned sates from denying any person equal protection under the laws

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excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted

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provides for the right to a jury trials federal courts to settle disputes about property worth more than 20 dollars

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right to speedy, fair trial; in all criminals prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial and also the accused must be read their rights; the 6th amendment prevents government from silencing its critics

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a Supreme Court case in 1944 that upholds the Federal governments authority to exclude Japanese Americans from military areas during the second World War. The Supreme Court established that courts will subject government actions that discriminate on the basis of race

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existing "in the fact" rather than legally

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Rights of accused persons; no person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury. A person found innocent cannot be tried again for the same offense. No one can be forced to testify against him/herself. No one can be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law.

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the right to bear arms and keeping a militia for security; intended to prevent the national government from repeating the actions the British did

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searches and seizures; the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures but upon probable cause; to be lawful, search must be based on probable cause

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freedom of religion, speech, press and assembly; 1st amendment protects the right of Americans to worship as they please or if they prefer to have no religion at all. It also protects peoples expression of ideas in newspaper, books, radio, television and internet

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a Supreme Court case in 1971 that established a 3-part test for determining if a particular government action violates the establishment clause; separation between church and state

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government censorship of information before it is published or broadcast

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the first amendment prohibits government from unduly interfering with the free exercise of religion

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a test that asks if the classification is reasonably related to an acceptable government goal

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a Supreme Court case in 1963 where the Court decided that poor defendants in criminal cases have the right to a state paid attorney under the 6th amendment

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a Supreme Court in 1896 where the court decided that the 14th amendment's equal protection clause required only to public facilities for whites and blacks; separate but equal

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an enslaved African American man who sued for his freedom; his case leads to the establishment of the 14th amendment

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a Supreme Court case in 1973 where the Court's decision was that women who wanted abortion, had a constitutional right of privacy to do so

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an act that prohibited racial discrimination in public facilities and employment

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laws requiring racial segregation in such places as schools, buses, hotels, etc

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government policies that award jobs, government contracts, promotions, admission to schools and other benefits to minorities and women in order to make up for past discrimination

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a test that was used to determine if blacks or poor whites could vote; the Voting Rights Acts of 1965 and 1970 outlawed literacy tests

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a Supreme Court case in 1961 that declared that no illegally obtained evidence can be used in court-federal, state or law

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no state can "deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of laws"; no state/local government cannot draw unreasonable distinctions among different groups

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a Supreme Court case in 1966 that declared that anyone being arrested must have their rights said to them first

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a Supreme Court case in 1954 that declared segregating schools were unconstitutional; De Jure was ruled a violation of the Equal protection Clause

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a Supreme Court case in 1962 that made it unconstitutional to make an official school prayer in public schools

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a process that extended the protections of the Bill of Rights against the actions of state and local governments

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the use of actions and symbols , in addition to or instead of words to express opinions; burning the flag

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a Supreme Court case in 1977 that supported affirmative action; Allen Bakke was not accepted into the University of California Davis School of Medicine because he was white

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a reasonable basis to believe a person or premises is linked to a crime

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segregation enforced by law

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classification made on the basis of race of national origin that is subject strict judicial scrutiny

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speech with activities; examples are marches, sit-ins, etc

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retrial of a person who was acquitted in a previous trial for the same crime; this protects people from harassment: an example of this would be the United States vs Halper case

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states that the government must follow proper constitutional procedures in trials and in other actions it takes against individuals; no state may deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law

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the first amendment guarantees that "Congress shall make no law respecting a establishment of religion"; first clause of the first amendment

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a law stating that illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in a federal court; the rule was first established for federal courts in the Weeks vs United States case